This paper demonstrates the properties of technical terms in general and introduces the efforts to refine the medical terms in contemporary Korean. There are many Sino-Korean terms which are too difficult to comprehend in the medical field. In the ⌜Medical Termonology ; the 4th edition⌟, we suggest many original Korean words be substituted for the Sino-Korean words. This suggestion has been made with cautin and it is hoped that the new terms will gradually replace the traditional Sino-Korean terms.
Hope

No abstract available.
Democratic People's Republic of Korea*

PURPOSE: There is limited data on the outcomes of radiofrequency ablation (RFA) for large diameter saphenous veins. This study aimed to determine whether the large-diameter great saphenous vein (GSV) affected closure rate, complications, and clinical and quality of life (QoL) improvement. METHODS: From January 2012 to September 2016, a total of 722 limbs were treated with ClosureFAST RFA in a single center. Patients were divided into 2 groups according to the vein diameter measured 3 cm below the saphenofemoral junction (group A ≤ 12 mm, group B > 12 mm). Vein closure was evaluated with duplex scan at 3–5 days, 1, 3, 6, and 12 months postoperatively. The incidence of complications, improvements in symptoms (measured by the Venous Clinical Severity Score [VCSS]) and QoL (measured by the Aberdeen Varicose Vein Symptom Severity Score [AVSS]) were evaluated. RESULTS: Groups consisted of 663 GSVs in group A (mean diameter, 6.00 ± 1.74 mm) and 59 in group B (mean diameter, 13.17 ± 1.28 mm). Vein closure rates at 12 months were 98.9% in group A and 100% in group B (P = 0.428). There was no significant difference in the incidence of complications. Both groups showed marked improvements in the VCSS and the AVSS with no significant differences. CONCLUSION: For large-diameter veins, RFA showed comparable outcomes in terms of closure rate, complications, clinical and QoL improvements.
Catheter Ablation ; Extremities ; Humans ; Incidence ; Quality of Life ; Saphenous Vein ; Varicose Veins ; Veins

PURPOSE: Endovascular surgery (EVS) has been rapidly increasing within the last two decades, changing the pattern of treatments for arterial disease. The purpose of this study was to report our initial experiences of EVS for lower extremity arterial occlusive diseases in the operation room performed solely by a vascular surgeon. METHODS: Between January 2009 and June 2010, 13 EVS were performed for lower extremity arterial occlusive diseases with a mobile C-arm. Three patients underwent simultaneous bypass surgery with balloon angioplasty. Clinical characteristics, treatments, and outcomes were retrospectively reviewed. RESULTS: Primary patency rates at 1 and 12 months following balloon angioplasty were 92.3% (12/13) and 88.9% (8/9), respectively. Only one patient had a thrombotic occlusion, resulting in an above-knee amputation. No procedure-related deaths occurred. CONCLUSION: We showed an initial acceptable result of EVS for lower extremity arterial occlusive diseases in the operation room. However, the data analyzed was of a small group with a short term follow-up period. More experiences, judicious planning, and efforts to optimize endovascular techniques to resolve complications are needed to be a true vascular and endovascular surgeon.
Amputation ; Angioplasty, Balloon ; Arterial Occlusive Diseases ; Endovascular Procedures ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Lower Extremity ; Retrospective Studies

PURPOSE: This study investigated the osteoconductivity of natural calcium carbonate-derived bone substitutes, hen eggshell (ES), and compared with those of commercial bone substitutes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Osseous defects created in the rat calvaria were filled with particulated ES(ES-1), ES with calcium-deficient hydroxyapatite surface layer (ES-2), Biocoral(Inoteb, France), and Bio-Oss(Geistlich Pharma, Wolhusen, Switzerland). After 4 and 8 weeks of healing, histomorphometic analysis was performed to evaluate the amount of newly formed mineralized bone area (NB%). RESULTS: Histologic and histomorphometric analysis showed new bone formation and direct bony contact with the grafted materials in all groups. At 4 weeks, Biocoral group showed greater NB% compared to Bio-Oss and ES-1 groups (P<0.05). At 8 weeks, Biocoral and ES-2 groups showed significantly greater NB% compared to Bio-Oss group (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: These results indicate that natural calcium carbonate-derived bone substitutes with microporous calciumdeficient hydroxyapatite surface layer may be an effective materials treating osseous defects.
Animals ; Bone Substitutes ; Calcium ; Calcium Carbonate ; Durapatite ; Minerals ; Osteogenesis ; Rats ; Skull ; Transplants

PURPOSE: The prognosis after potentially curative resection for stage IV gastric cancer, according to the 5th edition of AJCC/UICC classification, is poorly understood. The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of the curative resection in patients with stage IV gastric cancer, which were considered potentially curable cases. METHODS: From November 1991 to June 1996, 91 patients were confirmed as having stage IV gastric cancer at Seoul Boramae Municipal Hospital. Of these 91 patients, 30 who were potentially curative resected including at least D2 type lymph node dissections were reviewed retrospectively. The average numbers of totally dissected and positive lymph nodes were 43.0 (range: 26~74) and 23.1 (range: 2~47), respectively. RESULTS: The overall 1-, 2-, and 5-year survival rates of patients were 60.0%, 36.7%, 13.3%, respectively. In comparison with stage IIIb (N=20), no significant difference in survival rate was observed (P=0.1178). In univariate analysis, we found that the presence of a recurrence (P=0.0121) and a P (positive lymph nodes)/R (total dissected lymph nodes) >0.6 were correlated with poor survival rates. Long- survivors (N=12, more than 24 months postoperatively) had a tendency to be younger, less recurrent (P=0.017) and less involvement of histological perineural invasion (P=0.028). CONCLUSION: The results of the present study indicate that stage IV patients without distant metastasis may indeed be cured by potentially curative surgery.
Classification* ; Gastrectomy* ; Hospitals, Municipal ; Humans ; Lymph Node Excision ; Lymph Nodes ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Prognosis ; Recurrence ; Retrospective Studies ; Seoul ; Stomach Neoplasms* ; Stomach* ; Survival Rate ; Survivors

Effectively functioning arterio-venous fistula (AVF) is so important as to be called a lifeline of the patient with end stage renal disease by maintaining hemodialysis. Not infrequent development of complications of AVF is a major cause of patient's admission and medical cost. Rescue therapy of complicated AVF had several advantages; delay or prevention of new AVF formation, prevention of temporary percutaneous central vein cannulation, and maintenance of psychologic stability. PURPOSE: In order to analyse the patterns of AVF complications and the short- and long-term results of rescue therapy, we made a clinical review retrospectively. PATIENTS & METHODS: We performed AVF in 1503 cases from Jan. 1986 to Dec. 1997. Among them, we performed 93 rescue therapies in 70 patients. Rescue therapy is defined to be a secondary procedure to correct complications while maintaining the primary anastomosis. Secondary procedures in immediate postoperative failure due to technical cause, such as improper selection of vein, were excluded. RESULTS: The most common indication of rescue therapy in 93 cases was thrombosis (78 cases, 83.9%), which is followed by aneurysm in 9 cases, venous hypertension in 2 cases, steal syndrome in 2 cases, high output cardiac failure in 1 case. Autogenous veins were used in initial operation in 55 cases and PTFEs in 38 cases. Early failure within 1 month after rescue therapy happened in 20 cases (21.5%). Complications occured in 4 cases, such as infection (2), brachial plexus injury (1), and arm edema. (1) Mean follow up duration was 3.9 months (1~123 months). Secondary patency rate after 3, 6, 12, 24 months were 70.3+/-3.97, 62.0+/-4.89, 50.6+/-5.85, 37.9+/-7.03% respectively. Secondary patency rate in successfully rescued patients excluding early failure within 1 month after rescue therapy were 91.5+/-3.11, 80.9+/-4.46, 68.9+/-6.15, 54.1+/-8.19%. CONCLUSIONS: Thrombosis or malfunction due to neointimal hyperplasia was the most common complication in AVF. Early and proper rescue therapy in complicated fistula could salvage the AVF. So careful and prompt evaluation of the inflow and outflow of the complicated fistula is necessary, and every effort to rescue the fistula should be made.
Aneurysm ; Arm ; Brachial Plexus ; Catheterization ; Edema ; Fistula* ; Follow-Up Studies ; Heart Failure ; Humans ; Hyperplasia ; Hypertension ; Kidney Failure, Chronic ; Polytetrafluoroethylene ; Renal Dialysis* ; Retrospective Studies ; Thrombosis ; Veins

Periodontal disease accompany the inflammation around periodontal tissue and generally periodontal destruction is followed. This destruction often makes the molar teeth have furcation defect. And to treat molar furcation involvement, resective surgery such as root resection and ostectomy and regenerative procedure such as guided tissue regeneration were introduced. Also implant can be considered as one of the good treatment methods. Among these treatment alternatives, root resection can be considered as a good procedure in the point of saving one's natural teeth or amount of cost. Therefore the purpose of this article is to evaluate root-resected teeth which were done at least 2 years ago. 70 root-resected teeth in 58 patient who visited Kyungpook National University Hospital were included in this study. They were evaluated by two clinical method. One is subjective evaluation and another is objective evaluation. To evaluate subjective outcome, 58 patients answered to the questionnaire if they experienced tooth extraction, bleeding, swelling, pain, mobility and chewing problem. To evaluate objective outcome, 28 teeth was evaluated according to Langer's criteria. The subjective result showed 82% of success rate and 18% of failure rate. 13 of 70 teeth showed discomfort and were considered as failure, which include chewing problem (39%) and pain (23%). The objective outcome showed that 4 failure (14% failure rate) which were 2 cases of bone loss by periodontal problem, one endodontic problem and one untreatable caries. By these limited results, some of clinical consideration in root resective procedure can be suggested. Periodontal support and less occlusal loading on resected tooth should be evaluated before the procedure, moreover, good oral hygiene is essential. When these factors are considered carefully, the root resection may produce predictive outcomes in the treatment of furcational involvement.
Furcation Defects ; Guided Tissue Regeneration ; Gyeongsangbuk-do ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Mastication ; Molar ; Oral Hygiene ; Periodontal Diseases ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Tooth Extraction ; Tooth*

PURPOSE: The purposes of this study were to evaluate upper arm basilic vein transposition (BVT) arteriovenous fistula in terms of graft patency and surgical complications and to compare BVT with the forearm loop arteriovenous graft (AVG). METHODS: Between March 2003 and December 2008, 23 patients underwent BVT and 30 patients underwent AVG. The patency rates and complications were analyzed. RESULTS: Patients who underwent BVT had more previous history of operations for arteriovenous access (2.5+/-1.2 in BVT vs. 1.8+/-1.4 in AVG; P=0.038). A total of 10 cases of complications occurred in patients with BVT and 22 cases in patients with AVG (P=0.047). One-year and 2-year primary patency rates were 55.2%, and 36.3%, respectively, for BVT and 31.3% and 17.9%, respectively, for AVG (P=0.031). One-year and 2-year primary assisted patency rates were 85.2% and 66.7% for BVT, respectively and 67.2% and 43.8 for AVG, respectively (P=0.112). During follow-ups, less rescue procedures were performed in BVT than in AVG patients (P=0.055). One case of thrombolysis, 4 balloon angioplasty, and 1 stent insertion were performed in BVT, whereas 5 cases of thrombectomy, 3 thrombolysis, 4 balloon angioplasty, and 2 interposition grafting were performed in AVG. CONCLUSION: BVT had higher 1-year and 2-year patency rates and fewer complications compared to AVG. Lower numbers of intervention were required to maintain patency in BVT compared to AVG. BVT is a feasible procedure and can be considered before planning forearm loop AVG, particularly in a rescue vascular access.
Angioplasty, Balloon ; Arm ; Arteriovenous Fistula ; Follow-Up Studies ; Forearm ; Humans ; Ocimum basilicum ; Stents ; Thrombectomy ; Transplants ; Veins

Cephalosporins are well-known agents that may cause occupational asthma and there have been a few reports suggesting that the pathogenesis may be IgE-mediated. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of cefteram pivoxil-induced occupational asthma and detection of serum specific IgE to cefteram-HSA (human serum albumin) conjugate. A 28-year-old woman who had been occupied in a pharmaceutical company for 3 years began to experience rhinorrhea, nasal obstruction, cough, and dyspnea one year after she started work. She was involved in the filling of vials with cefteram pivoxil powder. The patient had no history of previous allergies. Skin prick test (SPT) to 80 common allergens showed negative responses and methacholine bronchoprovocation test (BPT) showed a positive response after inhalation of 0.15mg/ml. Skin prick test with cefteram pivoxil showed a strong positive response and specific BPT with cefteram demonstrated an early asthmatic response. Serum specific IgE to cefteram -HSA conjugate was detectable by ELISA. In conclusion, an IgE-mediated mechanism may be involved in the pathogenesis of cefteram pivoxil-induced bronchoconstriction in an exposed patient. Further studies will be needed to investigate if serum sIgE may be used as a useful marker to screen susceptible individuals.
Adult ; Allergens ; Asthma, Occupational* ; Bronchoconstriction ; Cephalosporins ; Cough ; Dyspnea ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Female ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity ; Immunoglobulin E* ; Inhalation* ; Methacholine Chloride ; Nasal Obstruction ; Skin