Mixed Mullerian tumors are rate uterine malignancy and occur primarily in postmenopausal women. We have experienced three case of pathologically proven mixed Mullerian tumor. Two cases had prior history of pelvic irradiation for uterine cervical carcinoma. We suggest that mixed Mullerian tumor should be suspected when an enlarged uterus with polypoid masses in the uterine cavity are initially observed in postmenopausal women who had history of pelvic irradiation.
Female ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Uterus

Mixed Mullerian tumors are rate uterine malignancy and occur primarily in postmenopausal women. We have experienced three case of pathologically proven mixed Mullerian tumor. Two cases had prior history of pelvic irradiation for uterine cervical carcinoma. We suggest that mixed Mullerian tumor should be suspected when an enlarged uterus with polypoid masses in the uterine cavity are initially observed in postmenopausal women who had history of pelvic irradiation.
Female ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Uterus

A multiple regression analysis using ordinary least square (OLS) is frequently used for the projection of healt expenditure as well as for the identification of factors affecting health care costs. Data for the analysis often have mixed characteristics of time series and cross section. Parameters as a result of OLS estimation, in this case, are no longer the best linear unbiased estimators (BLUE) because the data do not satisfy basic assumptions of regression analysis. The study theoretically examined statistical problems induced when OLS estimation was applied with the time series cross section data. Then both the OLS regression and time series cross section regression (TSCS regression) were applied to the same empirical data. Finally, the difference in parameters between the two estimations were explained through residual analysis.
Health Care Costs ; Health Expenditures*

The total 223 cases of tetralogy of Fallot is analysed angiographically, in which selective biplanecinecardioangiography with axial projection has been done at the Departement of Radiology, Seoul National University Hopital, in recent 2 year and 4 months, with specific refrence to the location of pulmonic stenosis,and associated cardiac anomalies. The summary of the analysis is as follow; 1. Left ventriculogram (long axialoblique view) was necessary to detect the ventricular septal defects including anterior marginal VSD, and washelpful to identify the coronary artery anatomy and presence of PDA and evaluate the size of left ventricle. 2.Right ventriculogram(elongated RAO view) was the best projection for the demonstration of pulmonic infundibulumand was essential to differenciate and localize the ventricular septal defects. 3.In the right ventriculogram(4chamber view), well demonstrated the right ventricular outflow tract, pulmonary valve, and pulmonaryarteries(main, right, left and peripheral), and also perimitted the detection of ASD in levophase. 4. The positionof ventricular septal defects was perimembranous in 199 cases(89.2%), subarterial in 15 cases(6.8%) andinfundibular (intracristal) in 9 cases(4%). Multiple ventricular septal defects (perimembranous& marginal ) werefound in 11 cases(4.5%). 5. In 35 cases(15.5%), pulmonary stenosis is found only in pulmonary infundibulum. Thecombination of its components was most commonly anterior wall and conus septum hypertrophy in 24 cases(68.6%) 6.Combined pulmonary stenosis was identified in 188 cases(84.3%). The most common combination was infundibular andpulmonary valvular stenosis in 56 cases(29.8%) 7. Associated cardiac anomalies were right aortic arch in 53 cases(23.8%), persistent left SVC in 17 cases (7.7%), ASD in 13 cases (5.9%), PDA in 9 cases(4.1%), aberrant subclavianartery in 5 cases(2.2%), IVC interruption with azygos continuation in 2 cases, single coronary artery in 2 cases,and anterior descending artery from right coronary artery in 1 case, etc. 8. Selective biplanecinecardioangiography with axial projection is essential to evaluate the size of left ventricle and to localizethe ventricular septal defects and pulmonary stenosis, and to detect associated cardiac anomalies in T.O.F. Sometimes aortography is necessary when anomaly of coronary arteries is suspected.
Aorta, Thoracic ; Aortography ; Arteries ; Constriction, Pathologic ; Conus Snail ; Coronary Vessels ; Heart Septal Defects, Ventricular ; Heart Ventricles ; Hypertrophy ; Pituitary Gland ; Pulmonary Valve ; Pulmonary Valve Stenosis ; Seoul ; Tetralogy of Fallot

No abstract available.
Angiography ; Contrast Media ; Rabbits

Lidocaline if frequently administered as a component of an anesthetic : for local or regional nerve blocks, to mitigate the autonomic response to laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation, to suppress the cough reflex, and for antiarrythmic therapy. Diazepam dectease the potential central nervous system (CNS) toxicity of local anesthetic agents but -may modify the sitmulant action of lidocaine in addition to their own cardiovascular depressant. The potential cardiovascular toxicity of local anesthetics may be enhanced by the concomitant administration of diazepam. This study was designed to investigate the effects of lidocaine dose and pretreated diazepam to cardiovascular system and plasma concentration of lidocaine. Lidocaine in 100 mcg/kg/min, 200 mcg/kg/min, and 300 mcg/kg/min was given by sequential infusion to dogs anesthetized with halothane-nitrous oxide (Group I). And in group II, after diazepam pretreatment, lidocaine was infused by same way when lidocaine was administered in 100 mcg/kg/min, the low plasma levels (3.97+/-0.22-4.48+/-0.36 mcg/ml) caused a little reduction in cardiovascular hemodynamics. As administered in 200 mcg/kg/min, 300 mcg/kg/min, the higher plasma levels (7.50+/-0.66-11.83+/-0.59 mcg/ml) reduced mean arterial pressure (MAP), cardiac index (CI), stroke index (SI), left ventricular stroke work index (LVSWI), and right ventricular stroke work index (PVSWI) and incresed pulmonary artery wedge pressure (PAWP), central venous pressure (CVP), systemic vascular resistance index (SVRI), but was assciated with little changes of heart rate (HR), mean pulmonary artery pressure (MPAP), and pulmonary vascular resistance index (PVM). When lidocaine with pretreated diazepam was administered in 100 mcg/kg/min, the low plasma level, the lower level than when only lidocaine administered. reduced MAP, but was not changed other cardiovascular hemodynamics. While lidocaine was infused in 200 mcg/kg/min, 300 mcg/kg/min in dogs pretreated diazepam, the higher plasma level (7.64+/-0.79-13.79+/-0.82 mcg/ml) was maintained and was associated with reduced CI, SI, LVSWI and incresed PAWP, CVP, SVRI but was a little changes of HR, MPAP, PVRI. After CaCl2 administeration, CI, SI, SVRI, LVSWI was recovered but PAWP, UP was rather incresed than recovered. The foregoing results demonstrate that pretreated diazepam imposes no additional burden on cardiovascular system when a infusion of large dose of lidocaine is given to dogs anesthetized with halothanenitrous oxide. But caution may be advised if the addition of lidocaine is indicated in subjects who have impared autonomic nervous system and who are in hypercarbic, hypoxic, or acidotic states.
Anesthetics ; Anesthetics, Local ; Animals ; Arterial Pressure ; Autonomic Nervous System ; Cardiovascular System* ; Central Nervous System ; Central Venous Pressure ; Cough ; Diazepam* ; Dogs* ; Heart Rate ; Hemodynamics ; Intubation ; Laryngoscopy ; Lidocaine* ; Nerve Block ; Plasma* ; Pulmonary Artery ; Pulmonary Wedge Pressure ; Reflex ; Stroke ; Vascular Resistance

The health conditions under which the mothers and children of Korea live are not adequate. We realize that the needs in the field of MCH a re enormous, but that it is unrealistic and unwise to use the entire health budget of 4.9 million dollars to build maternity and pediatric hospitals. There must be an extensive program to reduce the number of births as well as the number of deaths if the living standrds in Korea are to improve. The success of Korea's health program is closely related to the general economic development. Without a reduction in the number of births it seems impossible that a successful economic development program can be planned, or executed. In the first five years of the program the group successfully reached by the family planning program was largely the receptive, motivated women in the older child bearing age group. A strategic platform for the success of the next five year plan would be to concentrate on the younger less motivated mothers; to educate them to better family spacing and child care. Inclusion of family planning in a comprehensive, total maternal and child care program seems a rational and effective approach. Therefore a successful national family planning program would seem to be a sound basic platform on which to base maternal and child health work as well as the economic development program in Korea. We need not repeat here the merits of family planning in Korea. A1ready the national program has accomplished much towards improving the health of Korea's mothers and children. It is hoped that in the coming decade the family planning program will go beyond the immediate aim of curbing the explosive population growth and adopt as its long-term objective promotion of total maternal and chi1d health. This objective can only be achieved by good organization, careful planning, competent staff and an adequate budget. A comprehensive maternal and child health program should include better care of children, responsible parenthood, marriage guidance, maternity care, and sterility correction all leading to better mental and physical health.
Adult ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Child ; *Child Welfare ; Child, Preschool ; *Family Planning Services ; Female ; Human ; Infant ; Korea ; *Maternal Welfare ; *Public Health

From the Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Kangnam St. Mary's Hospital, 505, Banpo-Dong, Seocho-Gu, 137-040, Seoul, Korea, Gastrointestinal stromal tumors are usually late manifestations of neurofibromatosis (von Recklinghausen's disease) and most become clinically apparent in middle-aged patients as multiple benign tumors. To our review of the literature, solitary malignant stromal tumor of gastrointestinal tract is exceptionally rare in von Recklinghausen's disease. We herein present a case of solitary jejunal stromal tumor in a 50-year-old woman with NF1, which histopathologically showed a malignant change and combined smooth muscle-neural type.
Dermatology ; Female ; Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors* ; Gastrointestinal Tract ; Humans ; Korea ; Middle Aged ; Neurofibromatoses* ; Neurofibromatosis 1* ; Seoul

Total 7,446 pedicle measurements were made from T1 to L6. Direct dimensional measurements were obtained from dried adult human spinal columns. Parsmeters considered were the pedicle isthmus diameter in the coronal and sagittal planes, pedicle angles in the transverse and sagittal planes, and the depth to the anterior cortex in a line parallel to the midline of the vertetral body and along the pedicle axis. The results were as follows. 1. The widest pedicle transverse diameters were seen at L6, the narrowest at T4. 2. The widest pedicle superoinferior diameters were seen at T12, the narrowes at T1. 3. In the transverse plane, the posterolateral to anteromedial pedicle axis orientations were seen at all levels except at T12 and T12. 4. In the sagittal plane, the pedicles angled caudally at L5 and cephaladly from L3 to T1. 5. In the thoracolumbar junction, the percentage less than 6mm in the transverse diameters of pedicles is most high at L1(27%) and followed by at the level L2, T11 and T12. 6. The use of 6mm transpedicular screws can be expected to violate the cortex of the pedicles in a significant number in the upper lumbar spine. 7. The 5mm transpedicular screws can be used safely below the T11 level. 8. It is advisable to use roentgen image intensifier during insertion of the transpedicular screws.
Adult ; Humans ; Lumbar Vertebrae ; Spine

PURPOSE: There have been repoty on radiological features of lower respiratory track infection in infants and children caused by RSV(respiratory syncytial virus) in KOREA. The aims of this study were to summarize radiological features of lower respiratory tract infection caused by common viral agents other than RSV and to find any specific radiological features which might provide clue to the etiologic diagnosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed radiological features in 51 children with symptoms of lower respiratory tract infection and identification of viral agents(except RSV). They included parainfluenza (n=22), adenovirus(n=16), influenza A(n--11), influenza B(n=2) virus infections. The mean age of the patients was 23 months. RESULTS: Major radiological findings of viral lower respiratory tract infection were bilateral parahilar peribronchial infiltration(62%), bilateral overaeration(60%), atelectasis(59%)(segmental or subsegmental atelectasis(43%), Iobar atelectasis(16%)) and patchy or confluent consolidation(20%). Pleural effusion was seen in only one case and hilar adenopathy was not observed in any of them. In the cares of adeno virus, consolidation was seen in 5 cases(31%) including 3 cases919%) of extensive confluent consolidations and overaerations were less frequent findings(44%) than in other viruses. In 24 patients with radiological follow up for more than 1 week, consolidation improved most rapidly, while was persistent atelectasis. CONCLUSION: The major radiologic features in vital lower respiratory tract infection(except RSV) were overinflation, bilateral peribronchial infiltration and atelectasis. In adenoviral infection, confluent consolidations which are usually seen in bacterial pneumonia were more common findings than in other viral lower respiratory tract infections.
Child ; Diagnosis ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Infant* ; Influenza, Human ; Korea ; Paramyxoviridae Infections ; Pleural Effusion ; Pneumonia, Bacterial ; Pulmonary Atelectasis ; Respiratory System* ; Respiratory Tract Infections ; Retrospective Studies