No abstract available.
Animals ; Femoral Artery ; Rats

No abstract available.
Humans ; Korean War* ; MMPI* ; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic* ; Veterans*

There are many reports of ventricular arrhythmias following the injection of epinephrine under general anesthesia with halothane or cyclopropane. Raventos reported that catecholamines given animals during chloroform, cyclopropane or halothane anesthesia have caused ventricular arrhythmias which sometimes developed into ventricular fibrillation. But there are a few reports of atrial arrhythmias in patients under general anesthesia with alone halothane. While it is known that hypercapnia can elicit arrhythmia during halothane anesthesia, Black and coworkers that hypercapnia of 60 to 140mmHg (average 92mmHg) is necessary for the occurrence of arrhythmias during halothane anesthesia. Hellewell and Potts reported 12 cases of arrhythmias under halothane anesthesia which were treated by propranolol, producing a return of sinus rhythm in an average time of 46 seconds. The authors reported one case with atrial arrhythmias induced by halothane anesthesia, which were arrested by the IV injection of 5mg of tolamolo, beta-receptor blocking agent. Thereafter arrhythmias did not reappear.
Anesthesia* ; Anesthesia, General ; Animals ; Arrhythmias, Cardiac* ; Catecholamines ; Chloroform ; Epinephrine ; Halothane* ; Humans ; Hypercapnia ; Propranolol ; Ventricular Fibrillation

The use of alginate impression materials today is prevalent because of its efficiency and simplicity in clinical settings. Unfortunately, the simplicity of the procedure tends to lull the dentist into a sense of well-being, and lead him into using careless or sloppy technique. Alginate impression materials are used to fabricate diagnostic and preliminary casts, and the final cast. Incorrect use of this material is known to affect the accuracy of the final prosthesis. The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of different mixing methods of alginate impression material and tray adhesive on the accuracy of the stone cast produced by each method. A total of 30 stone casts were produced by using 3 different types of mixing methods (10 stone cast for each mixing method, respectively) The first method utilized an automatic-mixing machine to mix alginate while the second method was carried out manually, strictly following manufacturer's instructions. The third method also involved manual mixing, but did not follow the manufacturer's instructions and was done in a random fashion. Also, 20 additional stone casts were produced by using alginate with or without tray adhesives were included in the study to evaluate effects of tray adhesives on the accuracy of alginate impression. 10 stone casts were produced by adding tray adhesives to the interior surface of the impression tray prior to taking the impression. The other 10 excluded this step. A total of 50 stone casts were analyzed by the three-dimensional measuring machine to measure and compare the dimensional changes of the impression material of each group. The results are as follows. 1. No significant difference was found between the automatic mixing group and the manually-mixing group(p>0.05). 2. For the group that followed manufacturer's instructions, less dimensional changes were recorded than the group that didn't in measuring distance d4(p<0.05) 3. The group that used tray adhesives showed less dimensional changes(p<0.05). The findings revealed that mechanical methods of mixing alginate impression materials had little influence on dimensional changes. However, it is proven that following manufacturers instructions in alginate impression taking is an important step in acquiring accurate impressions and tray adhesives may play an important role in enhancing the results.
Adhesives* ; Dentists ; Humans ; Prostheses and Implants

No abstract available.
Staphylococcus aureus* ; Staphylococcus*

No abstract available.

No abstract available.
Biliary Atresia* ; Hepatitis*

BACKGROUND: Generalized immune activation occurs early in the course of many infectious disease. Laboratory investigations have shown that immune activation can be quantified by the measurement of soluble immune activation products in serum. Soluble CD25, CD8, and CD4 are major immune activation products. Soluble CD8 and CD4 are indices of CD8+ T cell and CD4+T cell activity, respectively. OBJECTIVE: We estimated the concentrations of these molecules in patients with leprosy. METHODS: The study population consisted of 31 patients with tuberculoid leprosy and 71 patients with lepromatous leprosy(32 cases of M. leprae negative patients and 39 cases of M. leprae positive patients). Serum samples and clinical and laboratory data were collected form each patient and control. The levels of serum soluble CD25, CD8, and CD4 were measured by sandwich enzyme immunoassay. RESULTS: The levels of serum soluble CD25 were significantly raised in leprosy patients as compared to control and did not vary signficantly between tuberculoid and lepromatous leprosy. The soluble CD8 levels in the serum of patients with leprosy did not differ from the levels of the control. The levels of serum soluble CD4 were significantly decreased in the patients with lepromatous leprosy, but not in the patients with tuberculoid leprosy. However, there was no significant correlation between CD25, CD8, and cD4 and bacterial indices in patients with lepromatous leprosy. CONCLUSIONs: There data suggest that non-specific immune activation occurs the spectrum in leprosy, while CD4+ T cell activity is significantly decreased in patients with lepromatous leprosy.
Communicable Diseases ; Humans ; Immunoenzyme Techniques ; Leprosy* ; Leprosy, Lepromatous ; Leprosy, Tuberculoid

The midface are bounded by a line connecting the two zygomaticofrontal suture, passing through the frontomaxillary and frontonasal suture, and limited below by the occlusal plane of maxillary teeth. Midface fractures include fractures affecting the maxilla, the zygoma, and the nasoorbital ethmoid complex. Midface fractures can be classified as LeFort 1, II, III fractures, sygomaticomaxillary complex fractures, zygomatic arch frationctures, or nasoorbital ethmoid fractures. These injuries may be isolated or occur in combine. And sort tissue injuries to the facial structures are commonly encountered in the treatment of midface fractured patient. Soft tissue wounds may be limited to the superficial structures, but more serious injuries may extend to involve anatomic structures such as the sensory and motor nerves of the face; the parotid, or nasolacrimal glands or ducts ; or the dentoalveolar structures. Especially, these fractures are combined with the orbit, brain injuries and skull base fractures. This is to report the incidence, causes, criteria, complication and treatments of patients who visited our department for midface fracture, for last 10 years.
Brain Injuries ; Dental Occlusion ; Humans ; Incidence ; Maxilla ; Orbit ; Skull Base ; Sutures ; Tooth ; Wounds and Injuries ; Zygoma ; Zygomatic Fractures

Ischemia and reperfusion of skeletal muscle occurs in acute vascular occlusion and revascularization, in elective vascular surgery, in upper and lower extremity surgery by means of a tourniquet, and in free transplantation of muscle containing cutaneous flaps. During revascularization of skeletal muscle after ischemia, lipid mediators, mainly eicosanoids are released that may have a role in the pathogenesis of reperfusion injury. The exact role of eicosanoids in the imposed ischemia-reperfusion induced functional deficits in skeletal muscle is still unknown, we compared tissue edema and the changes of eicosanoids and the effects of cyclooxygenase inhibitor indomethacin in the rat right hindlimb by application of tourniquet ischemia-reperfusionn injury. After 4-hours of ischemia, reperfusion was established 4 hours by releasing tourniquet. Experimental groups comparised ischemia-reperfused animals pretreated with indomethacin 20 mg/kg. The control animals received normal saline, 4 hours of ischemia without reperfusion. To assess tissue edema, wet/dry weight ratios were determined and the concentrations of prostaglandins and thromboxane were measured by the high performance liquid chromatography with UV detector at 195 nm. Ischemia itself did not result in muscle edema and did not increase the release of cyclooxygenase metabolites, but muscle edema(52%, p<0.01), and the relase of 6-keto-PGFalpha(151%, p<0.01), thromboxane B2(98%, p<0.05), and PGE2(127%, p<0.01) were significantly increased by reperfusion. Indomethacin treatment ameliorated limb edema(35%, p<0.05 versus ischemis-reperfusion control) and decreased 6-keto-PGF1alpha(65%, p<0.05) releases. These results support view that cyclooxygenase products may play significant roles in the formation of ischemic muscle edema and suggest that nonsteroidal antiinflammatory agents and eicosanoids antagonists might be beneficial to the management of acute limb ischemia-reperfusion injury.
Animals ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal ; Chromatography, Liquid ; Edema* ; Eicosanoids* ; Extremities ; Hindlimb ; Indomethacin ; Ischemia* ; Lower Extremity ; Muscle, Skeletal* ; Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases ; Prostaglandins ; Rats* ; Reperfusion Injury* ; Reperfusion* ; Tourniquets