CTLA-4 (=CD152), a T cell activation antigen, has been known to be homologous to CD28 in its molecular and genomic structure. Both of these two molecules are sharing their counterreceptors, B7 (CDSO) and B7-2 (CD86) and are known to play a crucial role in T cell activation. In previous our study it was reported that there are 2 forms of CTLA-4 antigen in activated human T cells, 30 kD membrane-bound form and 34 kD cytosolic-sequestered form and the former was less than 5 % of total of this antigen induced. Aims of this study are to confirm previous finding by using flow cytometry and to characterize the cytoplasmic form of human CTLA-4 by using ultrafiltration and immunoprecipitation techniques. In PHA stimulated peripheral blood lymphocyte surface expression of CTLA-4 was less than 2.1% of any of CD4+, CD8+ and CD56+ subsets. And the 34 kD form of CTLA-4 was detected in CDS+ subset only. This discrepancy confirms that 34 kD antigen is the cytoplasmic form of human CTLA-4. In ultrafiltration and subsequent Western blot analysis study this 34 kD antigen was detected in >100 kD fraction only. And in non-reducing condition this antigen formed high molecular weght complex (MW > 350 kD). In immunoprecipitation study using anti-peptide A antibody it was found that this high molecular weight complex consists of the 34 kD cytoplasmic form of CTLA-4 and previously unknown 54 kD antigen and 46 kD antigen at 1:1:8-10 ratio. And none of these 3 molecules were identified in membrane fraction of activated human T cell. The result of this study implies that CTLA-4 molecule induced upon T cell activation mainly sequestered in cytoplasrn and another signal is necessary to target this antigen on the activated T cell surface.
Antigens, CD27 ; Blotting, Western ; CTLA-4 Antigen ; Cytoplasm* ; Flow Cytometry ; Humans* ; Immunoprecipitation ; Lymphocytes ; Membranes ; Molecular Weight ; T-Lymphocytes ; Ultrafiltration

Urticaria pigmentosa developed in twins at the age of 6 weeks. They have numerous round to oval shaped, discrete or confluent reddish brown colored macules over whole body surface and neither twin had vomiting, diarrhea, flushing or irritability. Their relatives are unaffected. Biopsy specimen of. back lesion showed. pooling of mast cells in the upper dermis, and electron microscopic examinattion revealed normal mast cells.
Biopsy ; Dermis ; Diarrhea ; Flushing ; Humans ; Mast Cells ; Twins* ; Urticaria Pigmentosa* ; Urticaria* ; Vomiting

Ultrastructural changes of the retinal capillary basement membrane in the streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats Cho, Hokyun, M.D., Lee, Dohyung, M.D. We studied the changes of the retinal capillary in diabetic retinopathy. We measured the thickness of the basement membrane of the retinal capillary endothelial cells and the capillary pericytes using streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats and the results were compared with that of normal control rats. And also an morphological lterations of the retinal capillary were examed on the prediabetes and 3, 7 month-aged diabetic rats. The basement membrane thickness was measeured with 0.1mm calibrated ruler overlaying the electron micrograph with a transparent plastic sheet on which were etched 20 radiating lines exactly 18degree apart. The SPSS and Instat program were used for statistical evaluation of the data. An age related increase of the basement membrane of the capillary pericyte and endothelial cell was evident in both diabetic and control group. It was more prominent in the pericyte basement membrane of diabetic rats (diabetic rats 112.5%, control 62.5%). Comparing the age related thickening of the pericyte basement membrane and endothelial basement membrane, the increase of the thickness of the pericyte basement membrane at 7 month-aged diabetic rats was statistically significant(p<.0005). Some degenerative changes of the basement membrane itself and cytoplasmic degeneration of the endothelial cell and pericyte were visible, and those were more prominent in diabetic rats. Some capillary endothelial cell shows thinning in 7 month-aged diabetic rats.
Animals ; Basement Membrane* ; Capillaries* ; Cytoplasm ; Diabetic Retinopathy ; Endothelial Cells ; Pericytes ; Plastics ; Prediabetic State ; Rats* ; Retinaldehyde*

Congenital chylothorax is a rare disorder and can be diagnosed by prenatal ultrasonography recently. Most cases of congenital chylothorax were characterized by different clinical courses of respiratory distress. We describe two female cases with congenital chylothorax observed by ultra- sonography prenatally. In the first case, left-sided pleural effusion was noted by prenatal ultrasonography taken at 34 weeks of gestation, and then pleural fluid was extracted by intrauterine thoracentesis under sonography guidance. After birth, this patient was managed by TPN(total parentral nutrition) and intermittent thoracentesis without surgical treatment. But, pleural fluid was accumulated recurrently and respiratory distress was aggravated. At 15th hospital day, shock state was developed and patient died. In the second case, bilateral pleural effusion and ascites were noted by prenatal ultrasonography, and then patient was delivered immediately without intrauterine thoracentesis. After birth, the second case received conservative therapy including mechanical ventilation, TPN, intermittent thoracentesis and paracentesis. The patient was discharged with complete regression of chylothorax. We report the two cases with brief review of related literatures.
Ascites ; Chylothorax* ; Female ; Humans ; Paracentesis ; Parturition ; Pleural Effusion ; Pregnancy ; Respiration, Artificial ; Shock ; Ultrasonography, Prenatal*

No abstract available.
Blood Platelets* ; Platelet Activating Factor* ; Progesterone*

The Oriental countries have had long histories and large populations. While they were the civilized country with the profound culture and thoughts, they were backward in material civilization bacause of their delayed development of science. Extending from the end of the 18th century to the 19th century the Western countries perturbed the Eastern countries with their sudden appearance. The Western countries visited the East with their threatening attitudes by giant war vessels and guns. They also strongly demanded to import their advanced daily commodities and the studies including the medical science. Since the most of the Eastern countries were too conservative, they resisted and rejected the Western forces at first. At that time, most Eastern countries located in the southern region of Asian continent were colonized by the West. The other countries in the nortern region came to realize that they were behind the West in material civilization, so had to open their door to the West through the foreign contact. China, Japan and Korea had to accept the Western culture and urged the civilization. Especially Japan adapted herself to new circumstances before others. She accepted the Western culture, thoughts and all studies actively with even reforming her political system. Starting from the yesr of 1868, Japan not only was reborn and formed independent position in the cultural region of China and Korea but also succeeded to construct the first westernized country among the Eastern countries and weekened the influence of China and Russia. Japan provoked and won wars such as the Sino-Japanese War {1894} and the Russia-Japanese War (1904). Follwing up these victories, Japan also occupied Korea in 1910, and the period of colonization had continued for 35 years until 1945 when Japan surrendered to the Allies at the end of the World War II. With these historical cirumstances, the purpose of this research paper is to collect the medical data, especially that of the anesthesia, and show its historical contributions through the documents. The long history of Korea had developed with the traditional and peculiar medical science, such as a herb medical science and a medical science in acupuncture and moxibustion. Korean medical science, however, has been greatly changed since 1876, the year of opening her door to Japan. There were two ways of introducing the Western medical science in Korea. As the indirect import, the japanese Western medical scince through the city of Busan was one. As the direct imports, the American medical science by an American missionary, Allen through the city of Incheon was the other. In these two currents of the Western medical science, it was natural that the Japanese one formed the main stream after 1910, the year of japanese occupation. The field of anestheia science was not an exception. Its developing process was no better than following the path of Japanese anesthesia science history. Comparing the Western developing history of anesthesia to that of Japan in general, there were a few ears difference in the level of quality between the East and the West until about 1930. Japanese anesthesia, however, fell behind over 20 years, comparing to the Western one, in the period from the late of 1930s to 1945. I believe that it is beyond the scope of this paper to explain and it leaves us with meaningful lessons.
Acupuncture ; Anesthesia* ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Busan ; China ; Civilization ; Colon ; Ear ; Firearms ; Humans ; Incheon ; Japan ; Korea* ; Missions and Missionaries ; Moxibustion ; Occupations ; Political Systems ; Rivers ; Russia ; World War II

Hydrofluoric acid(HF) burn is characterized by progressive tissue necrosis and severe pain. A 31 year old employee in the semiconductor industry came in contact with the 50% aqueous HF through a pin hole in the thumb of his protective gloves. About 2 hours after exposure, h noted deep, severe burning, excruciating pain and svtelling of right thumb. Thereafter, clark bluish eclematous necrotic patches were visible through the nail plate and on the distal end of right thumb. Pain was not effectively relieved by digital nerve block.
Adult ; Burns* ; Gloves, Protective ; Humans ; Hydrofluoric Acid* ; Necrosis ; Nerve Block ; Semiconductors ; Thumb

No abstract available.
Infectious Mononucleosis*

No abstract available.
Myasthenia Gravis* ; Thymectomy*

Two cases of malignant histiocytosis, in which skin involvement was a prominent finding at initial clinical presentation, are reported. 1nteresting histopathologic findings, including Langerhans granule in one case and numerous eosinophils in another, were observed. In one case remission was achieved with BACOP chemotherapy (Bleomycin, Adriamycin, Cyclophosphamide, Vincristine, and Prednisone). In the other case, the patient died nine months after the onset of the disease without any treatment.
Cyclophosphamide ; Doxorubicin ; Drug Therapy ; Eosinophils ; Histiocytic Sarcoma* ; Humans ; Skin ; Vincristine