No abstract available.
Axis, Cervical Vertebra*

A 32-year-old housewife who resides in Taegu was admitted in Yeungman University Hospital due to right upper quadrant abdminal pain of 2 mounths'duration. An abdomical CT and ultrasonography revealed a relatively well demarcated low density mass in the right lobe of liver. Right hepatic lobectomy was performed on the clinical impression of hepatoma. On the light microscopic study, the lobulated liver mass showed extensive central necrosis and fibrosis, with large numbers of pseudotubercles therein. The pseudotubercles have distorted helminthic eggs frequently. The submitted common bile duct lymph node also showed a few pseudotubercles. The eggs recovered from the tissue homogenate measured 140~152 micrometer by 75~85 micrometer in size and were unembryonated and light yellow to brown. The eggs were determined as those of Fasciola species. We reported the present case as 11th one of human fascioliasis in korea.
Humans

Pelvic bone is the representative bone which has the quite different features discriminating the sex. And these features are well described in almost all gross anatomy textbooks. The parameters which are used to sex determination are relating to the those of obstetrics. To suggest the most significant parameters for sex discrimination with the bones, we have selected the frequently mentioned 21 metric fields of non-pathologic Korean pelvic bones, which sexes were already confirmed (M: 40, F : 19). Measuring theses metric measurements, the statistic procedure (descriptive statistics and discriminant analysis) were performed (SASPC version 6.11). The parameters showing more than 80% of discriminating probability are the acetabular length (Martin No. 22) and the pubic angle(Martin No. 16). The parameters showing more than 75% of discriminating probability are the transverse diameters of pelvic outlet (Martin No. 27), the breadth of greater sciatic notch, the ischiatic length (Martin No. 15a), the pelvic breadth (Martin No. 2), the obturator foramen long length (Martin No. 20), the obturator foramen short length (Martin No. 20) and the pelvic height (Martin No. 1).
Acetabulum ; Discriminant Analysis ; Obstetrics ; Pelvic Bones* ; Sexism*

A malignant granular cell tumor (MGCT) occurred in the left shoulder of a 62-year-old man. The patient underwent wide marginal excision followed by chemotherapy and radiotherapy. A metastatic tumor was identified in the axillary lymph node 22 months after the excision of the shoulder mass. The primary tumor was a poorly circumscribed mass measuring 5 5 4 cm. On cut section, it was a solid mass with yellowish tan color. Histologically, both primary and metastatic tumor consisted of polygonal cells with abundant granular cytoplasm and a vesicular nucleus with a prominent nucleolus. Two to three mitotic figures per ten high power fields at 200 were counted. Tumor cells were weakly stained with periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) preparation both before and after diastase digestion, and were positive for S-100 protein, neuron-specific enolase (NSE), and vimentin. By electron microscopy, the cytoplasm was filled with numerous autophagolysosomes containing myelin figures, mitochondria, and fragmented rough endoplasmic reticula. Basal laminae and angulated bodies were also noted. These findings suggest schwannian differentiation of this tumor.
Amylases ; Basement Membrane ; Cytoplasm ; Digestion ; Drug Therapy ; Granular Cell Tumor* ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Lymph Nodes ; Microscopy, Electron ; Middle Aged ; Mitochondria ; Myelin Sheath ; Phosphopyruvate Hydratase ; Radiotherapy ; S100 Proteins ; Shoulder* ; Triacetoneamine-N-Oxyl ; Vimentin

Aspiration of gastric content is always a threat in emergency operations. The consequences of pulmonary aspiration are connected with both the volume and the character of the material inhaled, but perhaps the most serious consequences result from the relative acidity of gastric secretions. Inhalation of materiaI with a pH less than 2.5 causes an immediate iatense bronchoconstriction, epithelial degeneration of the bronchi, pulmonary edema and hemorrhage. Once the aspiration of material from the stomach is thought to have occurred, the airway should be cleared as soon as possible and any aspirated material remaining in the oropharynx should be cleared by means of suction. This experimental study was carried out to assess the therapeutic effect of suction on pulmonary aspiration of hydrochloric acid and the changes in chest X-ray findings caused by aspiration of the acid. The condition of oxygenation of the animals were studied by blood gas analysis. In this experiment,24 rabbits weighing 1.8-2.2 kg were used and divided into 4 groups each group consisting of 6 rabbits. Group I: No suction after aspiration Group II: Immediate suction after aspiration Group III: Suction 5 seconds after aspiration Group IV: Suction 10 secoads after aspiration Each of the four groups in the state prior to aspiration served as a control. All experimental animals were anesthetized by intravenous injection of ketamine 75 mg/kg and HC1 (pH: l.0, 2 ml/kg) was instilled into the trachea through a tracheostomy tube while the animals were fixed in a head-up position. Suction was made 5 times vigorously through a tracheostomy tube using an electric suction apparatus in the suction groups. Spontaneous respiration was maintained in room air throughout the experiment. To see cehange in the findings of the lung, chest X-ray was taken 24 hours after the aspiration of HCL. The sample of arterial blood was taken from the femoral artery and analyzed for blood gas 5 minutes, 10 minutes, 30 minutes, 1 hour and 2 hours after the aspiration of HCl. The results were as follows:1) In all rabbits except one in group II, the findings of radioopacity was visible in the lungs 24 hours after the aspiration of HCL. 2) In the chest X-ray findings, group I revealed radioopacity in the area of 74.76+/-8.93% of the whole lung field, group II in the area of 9.13+/-5.84%, group III in the area of 40.67+/-15.89% and group IV in the area of 58.96+/-6.65%. 3) In blood gas analysis, PaO2 decreased to 52.2% of control at 5 minutes in all aspiration groups (P<0.01) and 2 hours later, the recovery of PaO2 values observed were 73.2% of the control in group I, 88.7% in group II, 82.7% in group II and 77.1% in group IV, The value of the PaCO2, was significantly decreased at 10 minutes, 30 minutes, 1 hour and 2 hours in group II(P<0.01) after aspiration but in the other groups, the changes were insignificant. The value of pH shown insignificant decrease in group I and group IV, and insignificant increase in group II and group III. From the above findings, the pulmonary changes after the aspiration of hydrochloric acid seemed not to be lessened by suction treatment after 10 seconds following aspiration of the acid.
Animals ; Blood Gas Analysis ; Bronchi ; Bronchoconstriction ; Emergencies ; Femoral Artery ; Hemorrhage ; Hydrochloric Acid ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Inhalation ; Injections, Intravenous ; Ketamine ; Lung ; Oropharynx ; Oxygen ; Pulmonary Edema ; Rabbits* ; Respiration ; Stomach ; Suction* ; Thorax ; Trachea ; Tracheostomy

No abstract available.
Cerebrospinal Fluid* ; Immunoglobulin G* ; Meningitis, Aseptic*

No abstract available.
Mandible* ; Spine*

Here, we report a rare case of an anaplastic astrocytoma masquerading as a hypertensive basal ganglia hemorrhage. A 69-year-old woman who had been under medical management for hypertension during the past 3 years suddenly developed right hemiparesis with dysarthria. Brain computed tomography (CT) scans with contrast and CT angiograms revealed an intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) in the left basal ganglia, without an underlying lesion. She was treated conservatively, but underwent a ventriculoperitoneal shunt operation 3 months after the initial attack due to deteriorated mental status and chronic hydrocephalus. Three months later, her mental status deteriorated further. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with gadolinium demonstrated an irregular enhanced mass in which the previous hemorrhage occurred. The final histological diagnosis which made by stereotactic biopsy was an anaplastic astrocytoma. In the present case, the diagnosis of a high grade glioma was delayed due to tumor bleeding mimicking hypertensive ICH. Thus, a careful review of neuroradiological images including MRI with a suspicion of tumor bleeding is needed even in the patients with past medical history of hypertension.
Aged ; Astrocytoma ; Basal Ganglia ; Basal Ganglia Hemorrhage ; Biopsy ; Brain ; Brain Neoplasms ; Cerebral Hemorrhage ; Dysarthria ; Female ; Gadolinium ; Glioma ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Hydrocephalus ; Hypertension ; Intracranial Hemorrhage, Hypertensive ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Paresis ; Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt

Ectopic pancreas is commonly located at stomach, duodenum and jejunum. It is a relatively rare entity and is usually of no clinical importance which especially is a very rare source of massive upper gastrointestinal bleeding. We have recently experienced a case of an ectopic pancreas in the second portion of the duodenum which was proven to be a source of massive gastrointestinal bleeding by duodenoscopy and was confirmed by surgical exploration.
Duodenoscopy ; Duodenum* ; Esophagus* ; Hemorrhage* ; Intestines* ; Jejunum ; Pancreas* ; Stomach*

Accurate estimation of the exposure-response relationship between ambient urban particulate matters (PM) and public health is important for regulatory perspective of ambient urban particulate matters (PM). Ambient PM contains various transition metals and organic compounds. PM10 (aerodynamic diameter less than 10 microgram) is known to induce diverse diseases such as chronic cough, bronchitis, chest illness, etc. However, recent evaluation of PM2.5 (aerodynamic diameter less than 2.5 microgram) against health outcomes has suggested that the fine particles may be more closely associated with adverse respiratory health effects than particles of larger size. This study was performed to evaluate PM2.5-induced oxidative stress in rat lung epithelial cell in order to provide basic data for the risk assessment of PM2.5. PM2.5 showed higher cytotoxicity than PM10. Also, PM 2.5 induced more malondialdehyde (MDA) formation than PM10. In Hoechst 33258 dye staining and DNA fragmentation assay, apopotic changes were clearly detected in PM2.5 treated cells in compared to PM10. Expression of catalase mRNA was increased by PM2.5 rather than PM10. PM2.5 induced higher Mth1 mRNA than PM10. In pBR322 DNA treated with PM2.5, production of single strand breakage of DNA was higher than that of PM10. In Western blot analysis, PM2.5 induced more Nrf-2 protein, associated with diverse transcriptional and anti-oxidative stress enzymes, compared to PM10. Our data suggest that PM2.5 rather than PM10 may be responsible for PM-induced toxicity. Additional efforts are needed to establish the environmental standard of PM2.5.
Air Pollutants/chemistry/*toxicity ; Animals ; Apoptosis/physiology ; Benzimidazoles/metabolism ; Blotting, Western ; Cell Line ; Cell Survival/physiology ; DNA Fragmentation/physiology ; DNA Repair Enzymes/genetics/metabolism ; DNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism ; Epithelial Cells/drug effects/enzymology/pathology ; Formazans/metabolism ; GA-Binding Protein Transcription Factor ; Lipid Peroxides/metabolism ; Lung Diseases/*chemically induced/enzymology/pathology ; Oxidative Stress/*physiology ; RNA, Messenger/chemistry/genetics ; Rats ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Tetrazolium Salts/metabolism ; Transcription Factors/metabolism