It is well established that guinea pig, rabbit and rat are equally susceptible to experimental infection with the Chinese liver fluke, Clonorchis sinensis. However, little work has been done on the studies of the host-parasite relationships between the liver fluke and mouse host. The experiments were undertaken to investigate the susceptibility, development and sexual maturity of Clonorchis sinensis in mouse host. The metacercariae of C. sinensis used in these experiments were isolated from the fish, Pseudorasbora parva by digestion technic. And in all these studies the mice weighing around 20 g were commercially purchased and infected with the metacercariae under slightly narcotized condition with ether. The animals were starved overnight before infection. The mature metacercariae, e.g. 5, 10, 20, 30, 50, 200 were given orally into stomach by means of the polyethylene tubing (intramedic, Clay Adams, Inc.PE-90/S12) respectively to each mouse of groups ranging 4 to l5. After various period of infection, the mouse liver was first opened along the common bile duct and cut into small pieces for collecting and counting the worms. For the histopathological examination of the liver, the tissue specimens were fixed in formalin, sectioned and stained with haematoxylin-eosin. Another experiment was separately set up for the study of egg laying capacity of C. sinensis in mice. The following results were obtained: Mice were successfully infected with metacercariae of C. sinensis in all cases of the groups except the group given 5 and 10 metacercariae, in which the infection was not established in one case of each group. Therefore it is assumed that mice are susceptible to infection with this worm. In an earlier period ot infection, the worms were found mostly in common bile duct and intrahepatic biliary passages with same rate, however in later period, they were seen rather in the intrahepatic biliary passages (73 percent) than in common bile duct and gall bladder. The recovery rate of fully matured adult worms (less than 10 percent) was lower than that of the average recovery rate of the worms in general (22.3 percent). Under same age of infection or even in same host, the size of collected worms showed the great variations. Oral sucker was smaller in size than ventral sucker in the early stage of infection. After 11 days of infection it reversed. The posterior part of body length began to elongate since 5 days after infection, and therefore the ratio of antero-posterior part became l to 3. Fully matured adult worms were only collected after 30 days of infection. The first positive appearance of eggs in feces was on the 17th and 18th day after infection. However, the egg-laying capacity in mouse host seemed to be stabilized since 30 days after infection. Histopathologically, the cystic dilatation of medium to small biliary passages was noted and focal but diffusely scattered necrosis of the liver cells with scarce inflammatory cells was also observed as well as the hepatocellular degeneration, diffuse vascular congestions and adenomatous proliferationof bile duct.
parasitology-helminth-trematoda-Clonorchis sinensis ; mouse ; host-parasite relationship ; worm recovery ; histology ; pathology ; liver

No Abstract Available.
Adult* ; Female ; Granuloma* ; Humans ; Toxocariasis*

No abstract available.
Coronary Aneurysm* ; Mucocutaneous Lymph Node Syndrome*

No abstract available.
T-Lymphocytes* ; Transplantation*

OBJECT: This cross-sectional study was performed in order to evaluate the prevalence of tardive dyskinesia among the hospitalized schizophrenic patients. METHODS: Four hundred nineteen hospitalized schizophrenic patients(male=263, female=156) were recruited for this study. They were treated with antipsychotics for more than 3 months. The prevalence of tardive dyskinesia was assessed by the Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale. RESULTS: The prevalence of tardive dyskinesia was 35.6%(Male=36.9%, Female 33.3%). There were no significant differences in the prevalence of tardive dyskinesia among male and female schizophrenic patients. The prevalence of tardive dyskinesia among the patients over 30years old was much higher than those below 30years old. There were no significant correlations between the prevalence of tardive dyskinesia and the duration of hospitalization, the total amount of antipsychotics. The frequently involved parts of the body in the schizophrenic patients who have tardive dyskinesia were tongue, upper extremity, lips and perioral area, jaw, lower extremity, muscles of facial expression trunk, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: There was significant correlation between the age and the prevalence of tardive dyskinesia in the antipsychotic-treated schizophrenic patients.
Antipsychotic Agents ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Dyskinesias ; Facial Expression ; Female ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Jaw ; Lip ; Lower Extremity ; Male ; Movement Disorders* ; Muscles ; Prevalence* ; Schizophrenia ; Tongue ; Upper Extremity

No abstract available.
Heterotaxy Syndrome*

Spontaneous spinal epidural hematoma is a rare cause of spinal cord compression. Recently, at our hospital, the author et al had the opportunity of observing case with spontaneous cervical epidural hematoma in a 28 years old woman who had suddenly felt a strong pain in interscapular area. Rapidly after she noticed weakness in her legs and one day later she was completely paraplegia. The MRI of spine was done. There show tubular like low signal intensity at posterior epidural space of C7 level and ghigh signal intensity of cord at C7 level due to cord compression effect. In this article, we are adding one more rare case of spontaneous cervical spinal epidural hematoma confirmed by MRI.
Adult ; Epidural Space ; Female ; Hematoma ; Hematoma, Epidural, Spinal* ; Humans ; Laminectomy ; Leg ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Paraplegia ; Spinal Cord Compression ; Spine

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The Romberg test is a simple, inexpensive modality to test the vestibulo-spinal reflex. However, it is not a quantitative measure and has low sensitivity and specificity. We investigated the effectiveness of the modified Romberg test in evaluating equilibrium ability in dizzy patients by comparing it with the computerized dynamic posturography. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was conducted on 63 patients with various degrees of dizziness. Computerized dynamic posturography(CDP) was performed and equilibrium ability was measured with the modified Romberg test. Modifications were made in two ways : heel-to-toe standing(test 1) and standing on sponge(test 2). RESULTS: Correlation coefficients between the modified Romberg test and the vestibular dysfunction score of CDP were 0.62 and 0.52, respectively, and they were statistically significant(P<0.01). The Receiver Operating Characteristics(ROC) curve showed that the area index of tests 1 and 2 were 0.86 and 0.78, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The modified Romberg tests showed fairly good correlation with the vestibular dysfunction score of CDP. Further modifications are required to use the modified Romberg test as an accurate diagnostic tool in the evaluation of dizzy patients.
Cytidine Diphosphate ; Dizziness ; Humans ; Posture ; Reflex* ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Vestibular Function Tests

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Psychogenic dizziness has not been studied extensively in Korea while it is seen frequently. We investigated the prevalence of psychiatric diagnosis and the results of vestibular function testings in patients with the diagnosis of psychogenic dizziness at a Korean tertiary university hospital. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was conducted on 38 patients with the diagnosis of psychogenic dizziness. They all received vestibular function testings (ENG, rotating chair test and posturography). Patients with central or vestibular organic disease were excluded from this study. RESULTS: Somatoform disorder was the most common psychiatric disorder causing psychogenic vertigo(47.4%) in this study. Anxiety disorder(21.1%) and depression(21.1%) were the next common causes. The vestibular function testings were abnormal in 19 patients(50.0%). The electronystagmography in 11, rotating chair test in 6, and posturography in 14 patients were abnormal. CONCLUSIONS: Somatoform disorder was the most common psychiatric disorder and vestibular function tests were abnormal in 50% of psychogenic dizziness patients. It implies that the patients with psychogenic dizziness have functional abnormalities in vestibular system.
Anxiety ; Diagnosis ; Dizziness* ; Electronystagmography ; Humans ; Korea ; Mental Disorders* ; Prevalence ; Somatoform Disorders ; Vestibular Function Tests*

OBJECTIVES: The post-tonsillectomy pain and post-tonsillectomy hemorrhage are the two main problems after tonsillectomy. The aim of this study was to investigate the beneficial effects of water soluble ethanol extract propolis on post-tonsillectomy patient. METHODS: One hundred and thirty patients who underwent tonsillectomy or adenotonsillectomy were randomly divided into the control and propolis groups, each including 65 patients. The propolis group was applied with propolis orally immediately after surgery and by gargle. The pain scores were assessed on post-tonsillectomy 0, 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 7th–10th day using a visual analogue scale score. Postoperative wound healing was evaluated by scoring pinkish membrane of tonsillar fossae on postoperative days 3 and 7–10. The incidence of post-tonsillectomy bleeding was examined in each group. RESULTS: Post-tonsillectomy pain was significantly less in propolis group compared to control group on postoperative days 3 and 7–10. Post-tonsillectomy hemorrhage was significantly less in the propolis group compared to the control group (P < 0.05). The wound healing was significantly better in the propolis group compared to the control group on postoperative day 7–10 (P=0.002). CONCLUSION: Applying the propolis to post-tonsillectomy wound showed beneficial effect of reducing postoperative pain, preventing hemorrhage, and accelerating of wound healing of tonsillar fossae.
Ethanol ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Incidence ; Membranes ; Pain, Postoperative ; Propolis* ; Tonsillectomy* ; Water ; Wound Healing* ; Wounds and Injuries*