Congenital Abnormalities ; Dentofacial Deformities ; Epidemiologic Studies ; Female ; Humans ; Hypertrophy ; Male ; Orthognathic Surgery ; Osteotomy, Sagittal Split Ramus ; Prognathism ; Retrospective Studies

No abstract available.
Head and Neck Neoplasms* ; Head* ; Incidence* ; Neck* ; Neoplasm Metastasis*

BACKGROUND: At present, epidural steroid injection is one of the most frequently used methods in the treatment for low back pain.. But this method is nonspecific and results in a widespread of injected agent around the target point. Therefore we thought direct injection to the nerve root is more specific and effective. METHODS: The authors evaluated the effects of lumbar paravertebral steroid injection in 39 patients with low back pain and radicular pain, retrospectively. We used triamcinolone 40mg(1ml) and 0.25% bupivacaine 3ml as injection agents and used pain relief scale(PRS) score for assessment of the effect. RESULTS: One week after injection, the patients of PRS score less than 5 were 65% in spinal stenosis and 85% in herniated intervertebral disc(HIVD). The patients of effective response more than 4 weeks after injection were 48% in spinal stenosis and 68% in HIVD, more than 12 weeks were 22% and 38%, respectively. The patients of PRS score less than 5 were 45% at the time of follow-up study. CONCLUSIONS: We think paravertebral steroid injection is effective in patients with low back pain and radicular pain. Therefore, this technique could be alternative method to epidural steroid injection.
Bupivacaine ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Low Back Pain* ; Retrospective Studies ; Spinal Nerve Roots* ; Spinal Nerves* ; Spinal Stenosis* ; Triamcinolone

Cholangiocarcinoma is a form of adenocarcinoma arising from the intrahepatic or extrahepatic biliary epithelium. Apparent predisposing factors include some chronic hepatobiliary parasitic infsttations, congenital anomalies with ectatic ducts, sclerosing cholangitis and chronic ulcerative colitis and occupational exposure to possible biliary tract carcinogens. Patients with cholangiocarcinoma usually present with biliary obstruction, painless jaundice, pruritus, weight loss and acholic stools. Because the obstructing process is gradua1, the cholangiocarcinoma is often far advanced by the time it presents clinically. The diagnosis is most frequently made by cholangiography following ultrasound demonstration of dilated intrahepatic bile ducts. We report a case of common bile duct cancer spreading to gallbladder and common hepatic duct along the biliary mucosal epitherium and submucosal tissue in 68-year-old female patient along with a review of literature.
Adenocarcinoma ; Aged ; Bile Ducts, Intrahepatic ; Biliary Tract ; Carcinogens ; Causality ; Cholangiocarcinoma ; Cholangiography ; Cholangitis, Sclerosing ; Colitis, Ulcerative ; Common Bile Duct* ; Diagnosis ; Epithelium ; Female ; Gallbladder* ; Hepatic Duct, Common* ; Humans ; Jaundice ; Occupational Exposure ; Pruritus ; Ultrasonography ; Weight Loss

PURPOSE: Diabetic nephropathy is a serious complication of type 2 diabetes mellitus, and delaying the development of diabetic nephropathy in patients with diabetes mellitus is very important. In this study, we investigated inflammation, oxidative stress, and lipid metabolism to assess whether curcumin ameliorates diabetic nephropathy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Animals were divided into three groups: Long-Evans-Tokushima-Otsuka rats for normal controls, Otsuka-Long-Evans-Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rats for the diabetic group, and curcumin-treated (100 mg/kg/day) OLETF rats. We measured body and epididymal fat weights, and examined plasma glucose, adiponectin, and lipid profiles at 45 weeks. To confirm renal damage, we measured albumin-creatinine ratio, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and malondialdehyde (MDA) in urine samples. Glomerular basement membrane thickness and slit pore density were evaluated in the renal cortex tissue of rats. Furthermore, we conducted adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling and oxidative stress-related nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2) signaling to investigate mechanisms of lipotoxicity in kidneys. RESULTS: Curcumin ameliorated albuminuria, pathophysiologic changes on the glomerulus, urinary MDA, and urinary SOD related with elevated Nrf2 signaling, as well as serum lipid-related index and ectopic lipid accumulation through activation of AMPK signaling. CONCLUSION: Collectively, these findings indicate that curcumin exerts renoprotective effects by inhibiting renal lipid accumulation and oxidative stress through AMPK and Nrf2 signaling pathway.
Albuminuria ; Animals ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/*therapeutic use ; Curcumin/*pharmacology ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/*metabolism/urine ; Diabetic Nephropathies/complications/*drug therapy/metabolism/pathology ; Gene Expression/drug effects ; Inflammation ; Kidney/drug effects/metabolism/physiopathology ; Kidney Glomerulus/metabolism/physiopathology ; Lipid Metabolism/*drug effects ; Male ; Malondialdehyde/metabolism/urine ; Oxidative Stress/*drug effects ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred OLETF ; Rats, Long-Evans ; Superoxide Dismutase/metabolism

OBJECTIVE: This study was performed to compare the clinical outcomes of GnRH antagonist (Cetrorelix) single dose and multiple dose protocols for controlled ovarian hyperstimulation with GnRH agonist long protocol. MATERIALS AND METHOD: From September 2001 to March 2002, 48 patients (55 cycles) were performed controlled ovarian hyperstimulation for ART using by either GnRH antagonist and GnRH agonist. Single dose of 3 mg GnRH antagonist was administered in 15 patients (17 cycles, single dose group) at MCD #8 and multiple dose of 0.25 mg of GnRH antagonist was administered in 15 patients (18 cycles, multiple dose group) from MCD #7 to hCG injection day. GnRH agonist was administered in 18 patients (20 cycles, control group) by conventional GnRH agonist long protocol. We compared the implantation rate, number of embryos, and clinical pregnancy rate among three groups. Student-t test and Chi-square were used to determine statistical significance. Statistical significance was defined as p<0.05. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in ampules of used gonadotropins, number of mature oocytes, obtained embryos between single and multiple dose group, but compared with control group, ampules of used gonadotropins, number of mature oocytes, obtained embryos were decreased significantly in both groups. Clinical pregnancy rate and implantation rate were not different in three groups. There were no premature LH surge and ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome in three groups. Multiple pregnancy were occurred 1 case in multiple dose group and 2 case in control group. CONSLUSIONS: GnRH antagonist is a safe, effective, and alternative method in the controlled ovarian hyperstimulation compared with GnRH agonist. Clinical outcomes and efficacy of both single and multiple dose protocol are similar between two groups.
Embryonic Structures ; Female ; Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone* ; Gonadotropins ; Humans ; Oocytes ; Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Rate ; Pregnancy, Multiple

OBJECTIVE: This study was performed to compare the clinical outcomes of GnRH antagonist (Cetrorelix) single dose and multiple dose protocols for controlled ovarian hyperstimulation with GnRH agonist long protocol. MATERIALS AND METHOD: From September 2001 to March 2002, 48 patients (55 cycles) were performed controlled ovarian hyperstimulation for ART using by either GnRH antagonist and GnRH agonist. Single dose of 3 mg GnRH antagonist was administered in 15 patients (17 cycles, single dose group) at MCD #8 and multiple dose of 0.25 mg of GnRH antagonist was administered in 15 patients (18 cycles, multiple dose group) from MCD #7 to hCG injection day. GnRH agonist was administered in 18 patients (20 cycles, control group) by conventional GnRH agonist long protocol. We compared the implantation rate, number of embryos, and clinical pregnancy rate among three groups. Student-t test and Chi-square were used to determine statistical significance. Statistical significance was defined as p<0.05. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in ampules of used gonadotropins, number of mature oocytes, obtained embryos between single and multiple dose group, but compared with control group, ampules of used gonadotropins, number of mature oocytes, obtained embryos were decreased significantly in both groups. Clinical pregnancy rate and implantation rate were not different in three groups. There were no premature LH surge and ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome in three groups. Multiple pregnancy were occurred 1 case in multiple dose group and 2 case in control group. CONSLUSIONS: GnRH antagonist is a safe, effective, and alternative method in the controlled ovarian hyperstimulation compared with GnRH agonist. Clinical outcomes and efficacy of both single and multiple dose protocol are similar between two groups.
Embryonic Structures ; Female ; Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone* ; Gonadotropins ; Humans ; Oocytes ; Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Rate ; Pregnancy, Multiple

OBJECTIVE: Oculo-cerebral syndrome is an intraocular hemorrhage and related ocular symptoms caused by sudden increase in intracranial pressure. The authors investigate the clinical significance of oculo-cerebral syndrome after spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage and analyze the characteristics of aneurysms which caused intraocular hemorrhage in order to help the treatment of intracranial aneurysm patients. METHODS: From January 2000 to May 2001, 103 patients were admitted to our hospital and diagnosed as spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage. We divided the patients into two groups:81 patients without intraocular hemorrhage(non-IOH) and 22 patients with intraocular hemorrhage(IOH). The authors prospectively analyzed the prognostic factors of spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage by chi-square test. RESULTS: The initial neurologic state was poor in the IOH group(p<0.001). The Fisher's grade was higher than non-IOH group(p<0.001), and intracranial hemorrhage was great in the IOH group(p<0.001). The prognosis was poor in the IOH group at discharge(p<0.001). The most common rupture site in the IOH group was the anterior communicating artery(p<0.001). Frontal intracerebral hematoma was specific to intraocular hemorrhage(p<0.05). There was a positive correlation between intraocular hemorrhage and rebleeding(p<0.001). CONCLUSION: The authors suggest that oculo-cerebral syndrome is clinically significant with a poor prognostic factor in patients with spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage.
Aneurysm ; Hematoma ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Intracranial Aneurysm ; Intracranial Hemorrhages ; Intracranial Pressure ; Prognosis ; Prospective Studies ; Rupture ; Subarachnoid Hemorrhage*

The incidence of synchronous gastric cancer is variously reported to be 2.07%, 5.22%, 6.5%, 8.6%, or 9% and has been increasing recently, probably with advance in the diagnosis of gastric cancer. Our case in presentation is a 70-year-old male patient who had total gastrectomy and esopbagiojunostomy done for synchronous four gastric cancer. Each has different histologic types, Some of these lesions are not suspected before operation and are found almost by chance during histologic examinations after surgery performed only to remove main lesion. So we report this case with a review of literatures.
Aged ; Diagnosis ; Gastrectomy ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Stomach Neoplasms*

Background: Studies have reported that reduced autonomic nervous system activity could result in a suboptimal health condition and various diseases, further increasing the mortality rate. The present study aimed to determine the difference in risk factors for metabolic and cardiovascular diseases in patients with reduced or unstable autonomic activity according to heart rate variability test results. Methods: We recorded blood pressure, physical measurements (body mass index and waist circumference), fasting blood glucose, and blood lipid status. Indicators representative of autonomic nerve functionality (total power [TP], standard deviation of the normal-to-normal intervals [SDNN], low-frequency band [LF], high-frequency band [HF]) were measured using a 5-minute heart rate variability test. Each indicator was divided into quartiles. Results: In men, the risk of abdominal obesity was high in the group with a low TP. In the group with a low SDNN, TP, and LF, the risk of a blood pressure increase was high. When LH and HF were low, there was a high risk of increased fasting blood sugar, whereas when LH was low, there was a high risk of hypertriglyceridemia. Women with SDNN loss had higher odds ratios for abdominal obesity and low high-density lipoprotein cholesterolemia. Conclusions These results indicate a higher risk of having risk factors for metabolic and cardiovascular diseases, such as abdominal obesity, elevated blood pressure, hyperglycemia, hypertriglyceridemia, and low high-density lipoprotein cholesterolemia in a group with reduced autonomic activity measured by heart rate variability. Women with a low SDNN had a 4.51-fold higher risk of abdominal obesity than women with a high SDNN, showing the greatest value of the heart rate variability indices.