Respiratory distress syndrome of preterm infants remains a significant cause of morbidyty and mortality. Early, just after birth, prediction and recognition of RDS is so important. The precision and reliability of the stable microbubble test (SMR)and shake test as a predictor of respiratory distress syndrome were studied. A 110-neonate who was born at Chungnam National University Hospital between November 1991 to September 1992was selected randomely and studied. The results were as follows; 1) Among the 110 neonates, 13 cases were noticed as RDS. 2) Among the 13 infants with RDS, SMR results were zero and very weak in 11 cases, weak in 2 cases. Of the 97 infants with Non-RDS, 9 cases were weak, 88cases were medium and strong, positive predictive value and negative predictive value was 100%, 98% respectively. 3) Of the 13 infants with RDS, Shake test result were negative in 8 cases, 1+in 1 case, 2+in 1 case and 4+in 3 case. Of the 97 infants with Non-RDS, 3 cases were negative, 9 cases were 1+, 9cases were 2+ and 63 cases were 4+, positive predictive value and negative predictive value was 72.7%, 9 However, frequent relapses and severe side effects caused by such therapy necessitate development of a more specific and effective therapeutic regimen.Recently, a T cell derived cytokine, interleukin 4 (IL-4)is being recognized as a major cytokine up-regulating IgE production and response, while interferon- (IFN- )counteracts IL-4 actions to down-regulate the IL-4 induced IgE response. Hence, the present study is aimed to investigate the role of IL-4 in MCNS. Using freshly isol 4.9% respectively. We conclude that the rapidity, simplicity and reliability of the stable microbubble test is more useful as a bedside procedure in identifying of predicting the infants who are likely to develop RDS than shake test.
Chungcheongnam-do ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin E ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Premature ; Interleukin-4 ; Microbubbles* ; Mortality ; Parturition ; Recurrence

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: N-cadherin is known to be expressed in neuroectodermal tissue such as central nervous system and various mesodermal origin tissues such as kidney and heart. We investigated N-cadherin expression in the endocardial cushion in developing rat heart by immunohistochemical method. MATERIALS AND METHOD: Fetal rat hearts at the 11th, 13th, 15th, 17th, and 19th day of gestation and the 1st day neonatal rat heart were used. Hematoxylin and eosin stain was performed for normal cardiogenesis, and immunohistochemistry was performed for the expression of N-cadherin in interventricular septum(IVS) during cardiogenesis in rat. RESULTS: Ventricular wall and membranous part of the IVS showed positive reaction with anti-N-cadherin at the 11th day of gestation. Membranous part of IVS was begun to show tracely positive reaction at the 15th day of gestation, and thereafter the immunoreactivity was increased with maturation. At the 17th day of gestation mesenchymal cells in membranous muscular part of the IVS showed positive reaction. The similar immunoreactivity of membranous and muscular parts of IVS were shown at the 19th day of gestation. CONCLUSION: As the immunoreaction of mesenchymal cells in the membraneous part of IVS to anti-N-cadherin was increased with time, it is suggested that mesenchymal cells in membranous part of IVS were differentiated into the cardiomyocytes.
Animals ; Cadherins* ; Central Nervous System ; Endocardial Cushions ; Eosine Yellowish-(YS) ; Heart* ; Hematoxylin ; Immunohistochemistry ; Kidney ; Mesoderm ; Myocytes, Cardiac ; Neural Plate ; Pregnancy ; Rats*

No abstract available.
Antibodies, Antiphospholipid* ; Autoimmune Diseases* ; Humans

No abstract available.
Antibodies, Antiphospholipid* ; Autoimmune Diseases* ; Humans

We have reserched the relationship of their clinical pictures and factors related to the risk of recurrence of 75 patients with simple or complex febrile convulsions, who were admitted to the Departmenrt of Pediatrics, Chungnam National University Hospital from January 1987 to July 199. The 75patient were followed up and consisted of the 55 patients with initial or non-recurrent febrile convulsions and the othere 20 patients with recurrent febrile convulsions. The results were of follows; 1) The age of first episodes was under the 6 years in 94.6% and the first episode under the 12 months was 14.6% in initial cases and 55% in recurrent cases. 2) There were family history of convulsive disorder in 40% of recurrent cases, compared to 10.9% of initial cases. 3) In gestational age, there was no significant difference between initial and recurrent cases. 4) In sex distribution, the boys (66.7%) outnumbered the girls(33.7%) and the ratios was 2:1. Among the recurrent cases of 20 patients, the boys(90%) were much more than the girls(10%). 5) The patients of low birth weight had more febrile convulsions than large birth weight in both initial and recurrent cases. 6) There was no significant difference between initial and recurrent cases in the causes of febrile convulsion. 7) In abnormal EEG findings, recurrent cases were 30% more than 7.3% of initial cases. 8) There was no significant difference of number of seizure during a day in both initial and recurrent cases 9) In episodes of duration over 15 minutes, recurrent cases were 40% more than 23.7% of initial cases. 10) The resident of urban was 78.6% and of rural was 21.4%. 11) The types of convulsion were generalized in 92% of total cases and focalized in 8%. In the focal types, recurrent cases (15%) were much more than initial cases (5.5%). 12) In occurrence of seizures in body temperature above 40 degrees C, it was 5.5% in initial cases, whereas it was 20% in recurrent cases. 13) 13) There was no significant difference between initial and recurrent cases on fever duration before seizure.
Birth Weight ; Body Temperature ; Chungcheongnam-do ; Electroencephalography ; Fever ; Gestational Age ; Humans ; Infant, Low Birth Weight ; Infant, Newborn ; Pediatrics ; Recurrence* ; Seizures ; Seizures, Febrile* ; Sex Distribution

The ectomycorrhizal roots were collected from the soils around the bases of basidiocarps of the four edible mushrooms in the stands of Pinus densiflora or Querus acutissima communities (Mt. Wol-Ak in Eastern Chung-Puk): The basidiocarps of Tricholoma matsutake (TM), Sarcodon asparatus (SA), S. imbricatum (SI), and Polyozellus multiplex (PM) are usually collected. The ectomycorrhizal roots of TM, PM and SI were related to the roots of P. densiflora, but the other to the roots of Q. acutissima in Korea. Particularly, the basidiocarps of PM were collected in the mixed stand of both P. densiflora and Q. acutissima. The morphologies of the ectomycorrhizal roots were observed to be the yellowish brown coral (dichromatous) or pyramid types in the roots of the pine, but dark brown un-branched sticks (roots) in the ends of ectomycorrhizal roots of Querus plants. The un-branched roots were covered with the dark mycelia (rhizomorph) around them. Therefore, the ectomyorrhizal roots of PM were observed to have two kinds of types; The single blackish un-branched roots were observed to be attached to the yellowish coral type roots. The bundles of TM mycelia were filled with cortical cells (in the roots of P. densiflora), but the mycelia of the other fungi (Aphylloporales) were massed between the cortical cells of P. densiflora or Q. acutissima. Their anatomical and gross features were considered to be simailar but very important in the ectomycorrhizal roots for these edible mushrooms.
Agaricales ; Anthozoa ; Fruiting Bodies, Fungal* ; Fungi ; Korea ; Mycorrhizae ; Pinus ; Soil ; Tricholoma

No abstract available.
Amputation* ; Fingers*

No abstract available.
Conjunctiva* ; Melanoma*

The immunocompetence is important not only to kill the neoplastic cells but also to keep the neoplastic cells from growing further. T lymphocyte is plays the most important role in maintaining the tumor immunity efficiently. T lymphocyte has its specific functions depending in the subset of T lymphocytes. The author analyzed the T lymphocyte subsets in 31 brain tumor patients using anti-CD3, anti-CD4, anti-CD8 monoclonal antibodies and flow cytometry to determine the immunological status of brain tumor patients. All CD3, CD4 and CD8 subsets were reduced in both benign and malignant brain tumor patients but more signigicantly reduced in malignant tumor group. But in benign tumor group, the subtypes of T lymphocytes were not so different from those of normal healthy controls except the pituitary tumor patients, who showed the significant decrease in all the subtypes. In malignant tumor group, each subtype was signigicantly reduced and CD8 subtypes was markedly reduced in metastatic tumor patients, These analyses were considered to have the possibility to be contributable to planning the further immunotherapy and also the possibility to moniter the brain tumor patients clinically.
Antibodies, Monoclonal ; Brain Neoplasms* ; Brain* ; Flow Cytometry ; Humans ; Immunocompetence ; Immunotherapy ; Lymphocytes ; Pituitary Neoplasms ; T-Lymphocyte Subsets* ; T-Lymphocytes*

The methods of reconstruction for chronic Iigamentous instability of the knee have changed much since the concept of rotary instability was introduced by Slocum and Larson in 1968. The first step to successful management of these probrams is the accurate dlagnosis of the type or types of the instability that exist. Appropriate operative procedures should then be selected according to the type and degree of the instability as well as the age, general conditlon and the function demand of the patient. The stability can be restored passively by a near anatomical. repair of the injured ligaments, and can be reinforced actively by a proper muscle or tendon transplantation, such as the five-one procedure for anteromedial rotary instability. Nineteen knees of active, well motivated patients were operated on for chronic knee instabilities according to these new concepts. Although the follow-up period was relatively short, the results of the procedures was generally satisfactory.
Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Knee ; Ligaments ; Surgical Procedures, Operative ; Tendons