No abstract available.
Deoxyglucose* ; Shock*

Five medical students in the fourth-year took anatomy as their elective courses for 1 month. They dissected one cadaver, and investigated Digital Report, under the course subjects as follows; (1) the shape of thyroid gland and the location of its isthmus, (2) the branches of left and right coronary arteries, (3) the number of blood vessels and bronchi on the hilum of lung, (4) topographical relationship of the renal vessels and ureter, and the shape of the renal pelvis, (5) the location and attachment of the appendix, (6) the penetration of median nerve through the pronator teres, (7) the sensory nerves and the extensor tendons on the dorsum of hand, (8) the branches of deep femoral artery. The pancreatic and live samples were processed and stained with H&E, for LM observation, since the individual had suffered from pancreatic cancer and got a Pylorus preserving pancreatico-duodenectomy (PPPD). At the last step of the elective course, students wrote small articles following the conventional method for writing manuscript. From the viewpoint of professor, the anatomy course for the fourth-year students were definitely different from that for first-year students, and had many positive effects in terms of anatomy education.
Appendix ; Blood Vessels ; Bronchi ; Cadaver ; Coronary Vessels ; Education ; Femoral Artery ; Hand ; Humans ; Kidney Pelvis ; Lung ; Median Nerve ; Pancreatic Neoplasms ; Pylorus ; Students, Medical* ; Tendons ; Thyroid Gland ; Ureter ; Writing

PURPOSE: Prostatic abscess is an uncommon urologic disease but has a high mortality rate if not treated properly. Furthermore, diagnosis and proper treatment of prostatic abscesses remains a challenge for physicians. Therefore, we compared data on conservative treatments, transurethral resection of prostatic abscess, and transrectal ultrasound (TRUS)-guided needle aspiration in 52 cases over a 10-year period. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The records of 52 patients diagnosed with prostatic abscess by computed tomography at Gangnam Severance Hospital between January 2000 and September 2010 were retrospectively reviewed. All patients were discharged when their leukocytosis had normalized and they had been free of fever for 2 days. Multivariate regression analysis was done to determine independent risk factors for the length of hospitalization. RESULTS: At the time of diagnosis, the average age of the 52 patients was 61.3 years (range, 33 to 81 years), the average volume of the prostate was 56.3 ml (range, 21 to 223 ml), the average prostate-specific antigen was 18.54 ng/ml (range, 2.0 to 57.0 ng/ml), and the average abscess size was 3.8 cm (range, 2.1 to 5.5 cm). All patients were treated with parenteral antibiotics during their hospital stay with intravenous antibiotics (fluoroquinolone monotherapy or 3rd-generation cephalosporin in combination with an aminoglycoside). Of 52 patients, 22 had diabetes mellitus (42.3%), 19 had hypertension (36.5%), and 7 (13.5%) had paraplegia due to spinal cord injury. The most common symptoms were fever (47, 90.4%), perineal discomfort (43, 82.7%), dysuria (40, 76.9%), and urinary retention (29, 55.8%). Prostatic abscesses were treated by conservative treatment (11 cases), transurethral resection of prostatic abscess (23 cases), and TRUS-guided needle aspiration (18 cases). The average hospitalization stay was 17.5 days (range, 6 to 39 days); that of conservative treatment patients was 19.1 days (range, 9 to 39 days). Patients treated by transurethral resection of prostatic abscess and TRUS-guided needle aspiration stayed 10.2 days (range, 6 to 15 days) and 23.25 days (range, 18 to 34 days), respectively. Of the 18 cases who underwent needle aspiration, prostatic abscesses recurred in 4 cases (22.2%) within 1 month after patient discharge. The 2 patients subjected to conservative treatment died due to sepsis. We found no independent factors that affected the average hospitalization period. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with prostatic abscess treated by transurethral resection of the prostate had a significantly shorter hospitalization length compared with needle aspiration.
Abscess ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Dysuria ; Fever ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Length of Stay ; Leukocytosis ; Needles ; Paraplegia ; Patient Discharge ; Prostate ; Prostate-Specific Antigen ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Sepsis ; Spinal Cord Injuries ; Transurethral Resection of Prostate ; Urinary Retention ; Urologic Diseases

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) is a chloride channel protein, its kinetics and localization are altered in cystic fibrosis. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether the nasal polyp patients without phenotypic manifestation of cystic fibrosis have any form of CFTR mutations and to characterize the localization of CFTR in the nasal polyp. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study group consisted of 71 subjects with nasal polyp who underwent an intranasal operation, and 20 normal subjects. Peripheral blood of the study groups were screened for mutation on the exon 3, 4, and 7 of the CFTR gene using single-stranded DNA conformational polymorphism (SSCP). Immunohistochemical staining for CFTR was conducted on the nasal polyps of studied subjects and normal turbinates as the control. RESULTS: While in the nasal polyp group, SSCP screening revealed two cases of mutant band on the exon 3, the normal control group did not show mutant band in all exons screened. CFTR showed the typical apical distribution in the normal turbinate mucosa, whereas in the nasal polyp, regardless of an abnormal band in exon 3, CFTR demonstrated a heterogenous pattern of localization consisting of cytoplasmic labeling, perinuclear staining, and intermingled apical location. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that an altered localization of the CFTR in the nasal polyps, based not only on the CFTR mutation but also on the acquired inflammatory process, may have an important role in the formation of nasal polyps.
Chloride Channels ; Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator* ; Cystic Fibrosis* ; Cytoplasm ; DNA, Single-Stranded ; Exons ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Kinetics ; Mass Screening ; Mucous Membrane ; Nasal Polyps* ; Polymorphism, Single-Stranded Conformational ; Turbinates

BACKGROUND: As the number of malaria patients has increased in Korea, the number of blood donors who are diagnosed as malaria after donation has also increased. And during 1997~2001, ten cases of transfusion-transmitted malaria were reported. We investigated the transfusion safety of blood that was donated by malaria patients before diagnosis. METHODS: For a total of 2,552 malaria patients diagnosed in 2001, blood donation history of past one year before diagnosis was inquired at the beginning of 2002. Then we inquired informations about recipients of the hospitals through the regional Red Cross blood centers. we also inquired development of malaria after transfusion for the recipients in the August of 2002. Malaria antibody test results of donated blood were also analyzed to determine the status of immunity of donors in Seoul, Gyeonggi and Gangwon area. RESULTS: Among 2,552 malaria patients, 162 (6.3%) patients had donated within one year before diagnosis and they were all man. Their blood was processed into 292 units of blood components and supplied to 90 hospitals, where it was transfused 286 patients. Among these 286 patients, no one was diagnosed as malaria until time of database retrieving. Among 162 malaria patient, enzyme immunoassay malaria antibody test results of 107 (66.0%) patients were available, and all were negative. CONCLUSION: No one has developed malaria among the recipients transfused with blood that was donated by malaria patients before diagnosis. Therefore, the infectivity of blood donated before malaria diagnosis is thought to be very low. As antibody to malaria was not produced in some of malaria patients before diagnosis, this finding could be useful for the study of immunology of malaria infection.
Allergy and Immunology ; Blood Donors ; Diagnosis* ; Gangwon-do ; Gyeonggi-do ; Humans ; Immunoenzyme Techniques ; Korea ; Malaria* ; Red Cross ; Seoul ; Tissue Donors

This study was executed to measure the shear bond strength of Panavia EX and Panavia 21 when the Ni-Cr-Be alloy castings were cemented to the enamel surfaces with these cements. The cast metsl plates of Ni-Cr-Be alloy were sandblasted and cemented to acid etched enamel surface with Panavia EX or Panavia 21. Their shear bond strength were measured with Instron Universal Testing machine. Within the limits of this study, following conclusions were withgdrawn. 1. The mean shear bond strength were 26.85.7Mpa, in Panavia EX and 28.35.2Mpa, in Panavia 21. 2. t-Test revealed no statistical significance between two groups(.05 level) 3. Macroscopically, bond failures were revealed compound fracture at metal and enamel interfaces, in cases of both cements, as the cement attached partly on both metal and enamel surface.
Adhesives* ; Alloys* ; Dental Enamel* ; Fractures, Open

Background: Capsular contracture is the most common serious breast surgery complication. The cause of capsular formation remains unknown, but chronic inflammation is commonly considered to cause excessive fibrosis. Curcumin has anti-inflammatory effects and thus can relieve the symptoms of inflammatory diseases, as demonstrated in animal studies. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of curcumin on the fibrous envelope covering silicone implants in a rat model. Methods: Two solid 1.8-cm oval-shaped silicone implants were placed beneath both sides of the back in 20 Sprague-Dawley rats. The control group included 10 rats that were fed a normal diet (group A), while the experimental group (group B) included the remaining 10 rats that were fed ground curcumin. En bloc excision was conducted at 8 postoperative weeks. Capsular thickness and inflammatory cell distribution were examined using a fixed tissue sample. Results: Gross findings and histologic differences between the groups were observed. The experimental group had a significantly lower mean total capsular thickness than the control group (177.4±31.4 μm vs. 145.9±32.5 μm, P=0.007). A significant decreasing tendency was found in several inflammatory cells in the experimental group (7,070±744.3/mm2 vs. 2,640±301.7/mm2, P=0.001). Conclusions Curcumin significantly reduced the inflammatory reaction, and will help to lower the risk of capsular contracture. Long-term studies are required to determine whether this hypothesis can provide a basis for a viable therapeutic strategy to reduce capsular contracture.

Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor (MPNST) is a rare and often aggressive soft tissue sarcoma originating from the sheaths of peripheral nerves. Approximately 50% of MPNSTs occur in patients with neurofibromatosis (NF). These tumors often present as deep soft tissue lesions, arising from the nerve plexuses of the extremities or from the nerves extending from the trunk. They rarely occur in the skin, especially in patients with NF. Herein, we report our experience with an MPNST of the skin in a patient with NF.

Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2B (MEN 2B) is a rare disease caused by germline mutations in the RET proto-oncogene and is transmitted in an autosomal dominant fashion. It is characterized by medullary thyroid carcinoma, pheochromocytoma and mucosal neuroma developing in the tongue, lip, intestinal tract, palate etc. Among these neoplasias, mucosal neuroma generally develops from early childhood. Therefore, early detection and proper treatment can minimize the disease course. Here we describe a 9-year-old male who presented with multiple verrucous papules and nodules on his lips, tongue and gingiva that were there since birth. Histologic findings of his lips and tongue showed well-defined nerve bundles and DNA analysis revealed a M918T mutation at codon 918 of the RET oncogene. He was diagnosed early as having MEN 2B according to his genetic and phenotypic features.
Child ; Codon ; DNA ; Early Diagnosis ; Germ-Line Mutation ; Gingiva ; Humans ; Lip ; Male ; Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia ; Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 2b ; Neuroma ; Oncogenes ; Palate ; Parturition ; Pheochromocytoma ; Proto-Oncogenes ; Rare Diseases ; Thyroid Neoplasms ; Tongue

X-linked agammaglobulinemia is attributed to the genetic defect for Bruton's tyrosine kinase at Xq22 region and the developmental arrest of pre-B lymphocytes. The characteristics of the disease are as follows; 1) male sex, 2) onset in infancy or early childhood, 3) severe panhypogammaglobulinemia, 4) normal cell mediated immunity, 5) recurrent, hardly controlled infection. The most common sites of infection are the respiratory tract and the gastrointestinal tract. The disease must be suspected when the recurrent, hardly controlled infection or the unusual, multiple sites of infection are present. Regular intravenous immune globulin approved the preventive effect against severe infection and fatal complication. But the final outcome remains grave in spite of intensive care. We report an adult case, 20 years old male patient, of X-linked agammaglobulinemia. He has been suffered from recurrent pneumonia and other sites of infection including meningitis and cellulitis. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was cultured from blood. X-linked agammaglobulinemia was diagnosed based on clinical history, severe panhypogammagloblinemia, lack of the gamma-fraction on the serum protein electrophoresis and absence of B-lymphocytes in peripheral blood. The clinical course waxed and waned until intravenous infusion of immune globulin, which dramatically improved pneumonia.
Adult ; Agammaglobulinemia* ; B-Lymphocytes ; Cellulitis ; Electrophoresis ; Gastrointestinal Tract ; Humans ; Immunity, Cellular ; Immunoglobulins, Intravenous ; Infusions, Intravenous ; Critical Care ; Male ; Meningitis ; Pneumonia ; Precursor Cells, B-Lymphoid ; Protein-Tyrosine Kinases ; Pseudomonas aeruginosa ; Respiratory System ; Young Adult