A clinica1 study was carried ou on the 98 cases of purpura who were admitted to the Han Gang Sung Shim Hospital during the period of 3 years from Sept., 1975 to Aug., 1978. The results were as follows: 1. The most common cause of purpura was allergic purpura (35.7%). 2. The highest incidence was under 10 years of age group(63.3%), and males were more frequently affected tban fomal with the ratio of 1.3: l. 3. The saonal incidence of purpura was high during the period of 5 months fror Jan. to Klay. Especially in the allergic purpura high incidence was seen in April, May and October. 4. The preclilection site of purpura was on the lower extremities (87.5%) Especially in allergic purpura, the purpura lesions were occured on the lower extremities in all cases. 5, Platelet count in allergic purpura was normal, and that of L.T.P., leukemia, menigococcemia, aplastic anemia and sepsis was decreased in mostly all cases. 6. Bleeding; time was normal in allergic purpura, hut prolonged in ahout 50% of otber diseases. Coagulation time was normal in all cases. 7. Occuit blood was positive in 40% of all cases. 8. Renal rnan!festations occured in 37 cases(37.8%). The most common among them was proteinuria(89.2%)
Anemia, Aplastic ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Incidence ; Leukemia ; Lower Extremity ; Male ; Platelet Count ; Purpura* ; Purpura, Schoenlein-Henoch ; Sepsis

No abstract available.
Dental Arch* ; Incisor*

No abstract available.
Breast* ; Female ; Humans ; Milk, Human*

No abstract available in English.
Classification ; Polydactyly

We have studied the function of lymphokines on human tonsillar B cell prolifertion and differentiation. B cells were stimulated with Staphylococcus aureus Cowanl (SAC) or anti- bead. The followings showed the results of this study. 1) In B cell activation, SAC induced B cell DNA synthesis but anti-mubead did not. SAC could activate and proliferate B cells. Minimal number of B cells were required to proliferate effectively. 2) In B cell proliferation, SAC could proliferate B cell in the abscence of lymphokines. Exogenous IL-2 or IL-4 enhanced B cell proliferation. The roles of IL-2 were very important in B cell proliferation. The effect of IL-4 on the IL-2 induced B cell proliferation was inhibitory in SAC-B cells. IL-4 could enhance the proliferation of anti-mu bead activated B cells. 3) In B cell differentiation, IL-2 was a major factor to differentiate SAC activated B cells, but IL-4 did not. IL-6 had a synergistic effect on the differentiation. The results of this study showed that the different signal transduction mechanisms were involved in B cell proliferation and differentiation. The B cell resposes to lymphokine were different, and it is depend upon antigens or mitogens.
B-Lymphocytes ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Proliferation* ; DNA ; Humans* ; Interleukin-2 ; Interleukin-4 ; Interleukin-6 ; Lymphokines ; Mitogens ; Signal Transduction ; Staphylococcus aureus

The author measured the value of serum triglyceride, total cholesterol and phospholipid in normal Korean adults and patients with complicated hypertension. Sera obtained from 295 cases of normal Korean male and female, and also 109 cases of patients with hypertension were analysed for triglyceride, cholesterol and phospholipid. The patterns of serum lipoprotein fraction in 171 normal Korean and 109 patients with complicated hypertension including cerebrovascular diseases and ischemic heart disease were studied by agarose gelelectrophoresis. The results are summarized as follows; 1. The mean value of serum triglyceride, cholesterol and phospholipid in normal Korean were 85.4+/-20.5mg%, 187.9+/-16.7mg%, and 193.4+/-34.6mg% respectively. 2. Sex and age difference showed no statistical significance in the mean values of serum triglyceride, cholesterol and phospholipid in hypertensive patients. 3. The mean values of serum triglyceride in the patients with complicated hypertension such as cerebral thrombosis gave higher value than in the patients with other cerebral complications. 4. The mean value of alpha-lipoprotein, pre-beta-lipoprotein and beta-lipoprotein in normal Korean were 29.6+/-5.0% (142.6+/-30.1mg%), 13.0+/-4.3% (62.7+/-24.8mg%), and 57.4+/-30.1% (276.1+/-56.6mg%) respectively. 5. The alpha-lipoprotein fraction in normal Korean demonstrated the tendency of decreasing as age is progressing in both sex, but pre-beta and beta-lipoprotein fraction gave a tendency of increasing by progressing age in both sex, but was not confirmatory in nature. 6. The alpha-lipoprotein fraction in patients with hypertension gave lower value than in the normal subjects, but the value of pre-beta and beta-poprotein were elevated significantly among patients with complicated hypertension than in normal person. 7. The incidence of hyperlipidemia in normal Korean and patients with hypertension were 31.9% and 66.5% respectively. 8. The relative incidences of hyperlipidemic probable phenotypes in normal Korean were as follows: 7% of normal person had Type II (IIa 3.3%, IIb 3.7%), 3.5% had Type III, and 21.4% had Type IV.
Adult* ; Cholesterol ; Female ; Humans ; Hyperlipidemias ; Hypertension* ; Incidence ; Intracranial Thrombosis ; Lipoproteins* ; Male ; Myocardial Ischemia ; Phenotype ; Sepharose ; Triglycerides

BACKGROUND: One of the main disadvantages of caudal block is the long latent period before a satisfactory blockade is obtained. Many investigators have used various preparations of local anesthetic solutions to improve the speed of onset. This study was performed to evaluate the effectiveness of prewarming of lidocaine HCl for caudal block. METHODS: Fifty healthy young patients (ASA I) were allocated into two groups, A and B. In group A, the local anesthetic solution were injected at room temperature (25 degrees C), while in group B, they were injected at 37oC. All the caudal block were performed using 2% lidocaine HCl 20 ml with fentanyl 100ug and epinephrine 1:200,000. The onset time was defined as the period from completion of injection until the patient first noticed loss of sensation to pin-prick on perianal region. Assessment of sensory loss was made at 15 seconds interval. We have compared the onset of sensory blockade between groups. The duration of analgesia and any significant side effects were also recorded. RESULTS: The onset of sensory blockade was significantly faster in group B (3.5 +/- 0.5 minutes) than group A (6.2 +/- 0.9 minutes). The duration of analgesia were not significantly changed between groups. Side effects of urinary retention, pruritus and nausea were noted between both groups but the difference was not significant. CONCLUSIONS: We have found that the onset time was 44% faster with warm lidocaine-fentanyl mixture (37 degrees C) than with the room temperature (25 degrees C). The improved clinical usefulness was achieved with no increase in side effects. The technique is a safe and effective method to reduce the latency of onset.
Analgesia ; Epinephrine ; Fentanyl ; Humans ; Lidocaine ; Nausea ; Pruritus ; Research Personnel ; Sensation ; Urinary Retention

Photoplethysmography(PPG) employs an infrared light-emitting diode to transmit light into the skin noninvasively. Light reflected from blood cells is received by a photocell or phototrotransistor which permits recording of the pulsatile cutaneous microcirculation. The use of PPG for vascular measurements in extremities is not new. Since Hertzmann, in 1938, first described the technique to measure skin blood flow, a few investigators have used PPG for clinical application. However, experimental reports on the photoplethysmographic assessment of blood flow after arterial reanastomosis are rare. We assessed the changes of blood flow after reanastomosis of the femoral artery in rabbits using photoplethysmography. We divided 20 rabbits into 3 experimental groups. In Group I, the femoral artery was surgically exposed and clamped for 60 minutes. In Group II, the femoral artery was surgically exposed and clamped, as in Group I, and then severed and anastomosed crudely in order to creat thrombus formation. In Group IU, the femoral artery was prepared as Group II and then anastomosed carefully to ensure patency. Blood flow was measured by photoplethysmography on the anteromedial aspect of the right hind leg, every 15 minutes for the fisrt 2 hours, at the 3rd day, I week, and II weeks post-operatively. The following results were obtained l. After the removal of vascular clamp, the mean time for the pulse wave to return to normal form was 63±24.0 minutes in Group I and 63±18.7 minutes in Group III. There was no statistically significant difference beween the two groups. When the wave form was normalized, it remained so continuously. 2. After the removal of vascular clamp, the mean time for the wave amplitude to return to normal was 108±11.2 minutes in Group I and 102±16.4 minutes in Group III. There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups. 3. The thrombosis which obstructed blood flow was formed within the first 60 minutes(mean time: 49±12.4 minutes) in all the animals in Group II. When the thrombosis was formed, it was readily detected by the change of wave form and by decrease in amplitude. 4. It is concluded from this experiments the changes of blood flow after reanastomosis of the femoral artery in rabbits were accurately assessed by PPG. It is suggested that PPG can be used clinically in monitoring blood flow after arterial reanastomosis.
Animals ; Blood Cells ; Extremities ; Femoral Artery ; Humans ; Leg ; Microcirculation ; Photoplethysmography ; Rabbits ; Research Personnel ; Skin ; Thrombosis

No abstract available.
Atrophy* ; Temporal Lobe*

STUDY DESIGN: We analysed the pre-vertebral soft tissue measurements in cervical spine trauma patients. OBJECTIVES: We tried to determine the sensitivity and specificity of soft tissue measurements in patients with radiographically proven cervical spine fracture and to investigate the diagnostic value of the measurements. SUMMARY OF LITERATURE REVIEW: Widening of the pre-vertebral soft tissue is a well recognized sign in injury of the cervical spine. But the diagnostic value of this widening is still controversial. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Width of the prevertebral soft tissue on lateral cervical spine radiographs was measured for 52 patients with a history of cervical spine trauma and for 53 patients complaining of cervical discomfort without a history of trauma. As a normal Korean adult standard, 7mm at C2 level, 8mm at C3 level, and 16mm at C6 level were considered the upper limit. Width of the prevertebral soft tissue was measured as a distance between antero-inferior margin of the body of cervical spine and the most posterior border of the larynx and trachea. RESULTS: A C2 prevertebral soft tissue measurement of more than 7mm had a sensitivity of 35% and a specificity of 86%. A C3 measurement of more than 8mm had a sensitivity of 35% and a specificity of 72%. A C6 measurement of more than 16mm had a sensitivity of 30% and a specificity of 80%. CONCLUSIONS: The prevertebral soft tissue measurement seems to be of limited diagnostic value. Further study may be required to determine more acceptable limits of normal cervical spine measurement in Korean population.
Adult ; Humans ; Larynx ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Spine* ; Trachea