PURPOSE: To evaluate the usefulness of the Korean Developmental Screening Test (K-DST) for infants and children for developmental delay assessment. METHODS: This study was based on retrospective studies of the results of the K-DST, Preschool Receptive-Expressive Language Scale (PRES), Sequenced Language Scale for Infants (SELSI), Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS), Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers (M-CHAT), electroencephalography, magnetic resonance imaging, and extensive tests conducted in 209 of 1,403 patients, of whom 758 underwent the K-DST at the Korea University Guro Hospital between January 2015 and December 2016 and 645 were referred from local clinics between January 2015 and June 2016. RESULTS: Based on the K-DST results, the male children significantly more frequently required further or follow-up examination than the female children in most test sections, except for gross motor. The male children had notably lower mean scores than the female children. The PRES/SELSI results showed that when more further or follow-up evaluations were required in the K-DST communication section, significantly more problems in language delay or disorder emerged. When further or follow-up evaluation was required in the cognitive section in the CARS/M-CHAT, the possibility of autism increased significantly. A child tended to score low in the CARS test and show autism when further or follow-up evaluation was recommended in the K-DST. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated the usefulness of the K-DST as a screening test early in the development of infants and children in Korea. Data of normal control groups should be examined to determine the accuracy of this investigation.
Autistic Disorder ; Checklist ; Child* ; Electroencephalography ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Growth and Development ; Humans ; Infant* ; Korea ; Language Development Disorders ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Mass Screening* ; Retrospective Studies

No abstract available.
Aortic Rupture*

The rare 'burned out' phenomenon in germ cell tumors is known as the presence of an extragonadal germ cell tumor with a spontaneously regressed testicular tumor found in common metastatic sites, including the retroperitoneal, mediastinal, supraclavicular, cervical, and axillary lymph nodes; lung; and liver. We report a patient who presented with a retroperitoneal extragonadal germ cell tumor with a spontaneously regressed testicular tumor.
Humans ; Liver ; Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal ; Retroperitoneal Neoplasms ; Seminoma ; Testicular Neoplasms ; Testis

The rare 'burned out' phenomenon in germ cell tumors is known as the presence of an extragonadal germ cell tumor with a spontaneously regressed testicular tumor found in common metastatic sites, including the retroperitoneal, mediastinal, supraclavicular, cervical, and axillary lymph nodes; lung; and liver. We report a patient who presented with a retroperitoneal extragonadal germ cell tumor with a spontaneously regressed testicular tumor.
Humans ; Liver ; Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal ; Retroperitoneal Neoplasms ; Seminoma ; Testicular Neoplasms ; Testis

BACKGROUND: Henoch-Schӧnlein purpura (HSP) is a common vasculitis of childhood. Though HSP is usually self-limiting, severe complications can occur. The management for this condition has not been established yet. Thus, this nationwide study aimed at investigating epidemiological characteristics of children with HSP in Korea. The patterns of clinical practice with regard to the complications of the condition were also investigated. METHODS: This is a national population-based study that used the National Health Insurance Database. Children below 18 years who were diagnosed with HSP in Korea between 2006 and 2015 were enrolled. Data, such as age, sex, yearly and monthly distribution of HSP, hospitalization, re-hospitalization, comorbidities, and interventions were obtained. The use of steroids was also analyzed. RESULTS: A total of 56,841 children were enrolled. The annual incidence of HSP was 55.9 per 100,000 children. The peak age was 5 years. Spring was the most prevalent season. Sex (male) and young age (< 9 years) were risk factors of hospitalization. Younger children were more likely to be re-hospitalized and suspected with intussusception, arthritis, and nephritis. Only 4 children received laparotomy. In total, 57% were managed with steroids, and mean durations of medication were 4–5 days. Children who were hospitalized and those with comorbidities used steroids more frequently (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: The annual incidence of HSP is 55.9 per 100,000 children which is higher in Korea than that in other countries. Younger children can have a more severe clinical course. This nationwide survey provides valuable information to understand HSP in children and to inspire further research on HSP.
Arthritis ; Child* ; Comorbidity ; Epidemiology ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Incidence ; Intussusception ; Korea* ; Laparotomy ; National Health Programs ; Nephritis ; Purpura* ; Risk Factors ; Seasons ; Steroids ; Vasculitis

Norovirus causes acute gastroenteritis, occasional afebrile seizures, and rarely encephalitis. We describe a child with cerebellitis due to norovirus that has not been reported previously. A previously healthy 2-year-old girl with a recent history of acute gastroenteritis, who presented with acute cerebellar ataxia. She exhibited marked truncal ataxia, was barely able to walk, and was prone to sitting or lying down. Multiplex PCR using stool samples revealed norovirus (genogroup II) and magnetic resonance imaging showed increased T2 signal in the hemi-cerebellum. Norovirus may be a potential pathogenic cause of acute cerebellitis in children.
Ataxia ; Cerebellar Ataxia ; Child ; Child, Preschool* ; Deception ; Encephalitis ; Female* ; Gastroenteritis ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Norovirus* ; Seizures

BACKGROUND: Neuroprotective therapy is essential in the management of Parkinson's disease(PD). As symptomatic benefit of a treatment may clinically mask the disease progression, an evaluation of the effect of a neuroprotective therapy should be based on objective measurement of in vivo dopaminergic integrity: Nuclear imaging techniques such as SPECT or PET can visualize dopaminergic system using dopamine transporter ligands and show the promise for this purpose. The objective of this study is to examine the changes of dopamine transporter in the animal model of PD and those correlations with behavioral and biochemical changes. METHODS: We injected 6-hydroxydopamine into the substantia nigra in Sprague-Dawley rats to establish the unilateral PD model, and examined the rotation response after apomorphine injection as a behavioral aspect of the animal model. And we also measured the dopamine and DOPAC level in the striata and the dopamine transporter by [3H]-mazindol autoradiography. RESULTS: We observed that the rats showed turning behavior only after severe reduction of dopamine and DOPAC. There was a strong inverse correlation between rotation behavior and striatal dopamine, DOPAC and dopamine transporter density. There was a positive and strong linear-correlation between dopamine transporter density and dopamine or DOPAC levels. CONCLUSION: Measurement of dopamine transporter gives a good estimate of striatal dopamine level in an animal model of PD. In vivo measurement of dopamine transporter will give an objective information on the integrity of presynaptic nigrostriatal dopaminergic system.
3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid ; Animals ; Apomorphine ; Autoradiography ; Disease Progression ; Dopamine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins* ; Dopamine* ; Ligands ; Masks ; Models, Animal ; Oxidopamine* ; Parkinson Disease* ; Rats* ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Substantia Nigra ; Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon

Intussusception most commonly occurs in children, and in more than 90% of cases, no cause is found. In contrast, intussusception in adults is relatively rare but over 90% of patients have an organic lesion as the cause. Only 5% of cases of intussusception occur in adults and most involve the small intestine and are benign, whereas colonic intussusceptions are usually malignant. We report here a case of a 70-year-old man with intussusception who was referred with a one-day history of hematochezia and abdominal pain. The intussusception was caused by a sigmoid colonic tumor. The CT findings suggested that we could reasonably proceed to a sigmoidoscopy to confirm the site of obstruction. We speculated that the sigmoid colon tumor induced the anterograde intussusception. As with our patient, it is important to recognize the need to diagnose the primary lesion exactly and promptly.
Abdominal Pain ; Adult ; Aged ; Child ; Colon ; Colon, Sigmoid ; Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Intestine, Small ; Intussusception ; Sigmoidoscopes ; Sigmoidoscopy

A few case of deep granulomatous cutaneous infection have been reported in the Korean dermatologic literature, but Trichophyton(T.) mentagrophytes granuloma is rare. We report a case of Trichophytic granuloma caused by T. mentagrophytes in a 10-year-old male, who showed three, mild pruritic, coin to walnut-sized, erythematous plaques with indurations and crusts on the face for 1 month. Fungal culture of the biopsy specimen and scales of the lesion revealed T. mentagrophytes. Histopathologic examination of the skin lesion showed chronic granulomatous inflammation in the dermis and fungal hyphae in the hair shaft. After four weeks of terbinafine administration, lesions were cleared with mild erythematous macules.
Biopsy ; Child ; Dermis ; Granuloma* ; Hair ; Humans ; Hyphae ; Inflammation ; Male ; Numismatics ; Skin ; Trichophyton* ; Weights and Measures

BACKGROUND: Micro computed tomography (CT) is rapidly developing as an imaging tool, especially for mice, which have become the experimental animal of choice for many pulmonary disease studies. We evaluated the usefulness of micro CT for evaluating lung fibrosis in the murine model of bleomycin-induced lung inflammation and fibrosis. METHODS: The control mice (n=10) were treated with saline. The murine model of lung fibrosis (n=60) was established by administering bleomycin intra-tracheally. Among the 70 mice, only 20 mice had successful imaging analyses. We analyzed the micro CT and pathological findings and examined the correlation between imaging scoring in micro CT and histological scoring of pulmonary inflammation or fibrosis. RESULTS: The control group showed normal findings on micro CT. The abnormal findings on micro CT performed at 3 weeks after the administration of bleomycin were ground-glass opacity (GGO) and consolidation. At 6 weeks after bleomycin administration, micro CT showed various patterns such as GGO, consolidation, bronchiectasis, small nodules, and reticular opacity. GGO (r=0.84) and consolidation (r=0.69) on micro CT were significantly correlated with histological scoring that reflected pulmonary inflammation (p<0.05). In addition, bronchiectasis (r=0.63) and reticular opacity (r=0.83) on micro CT shown at 6 weeks after bleomycin administration correlated with histological scoring that reflected lung fibrosis (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: These results suggest that micro CT findings from a murine model of bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis reflect pathologic findings, and micro CT may be useful for predicting bleomycin-induced lung inflammation and fibrosis in mice.
Animals ; Bleomycin ; Bronchiectasis ; Fibrosis ; Lung ; Lung Diseases ; Mice ; Pneumonia