With the aim of establishing bio-indices for the development of multistep hepatotumorigenesis, rats were fed water containing 0.01% diethylnitrosamine (DEN) ad libitum for 13 weeks. This treatment with DEN only made it possible to induce hepatic tumors in 100%. After the DEN administration, several clinical symptoms were observed including minor behavioral changes, brittleness of hair and a decrease in water and food intake. The concentration of total serum protein and albumin in all treated groups was significantly lower than in non-treated controls (p<0.05). Increase of specific enzyme (AST, ALT and GGT) activity (p<0.05), variable tumor size and hepatomegaly of the liver was observed in all rats treated with DEN for 10 weeks. Both hepatocellular carcinoma and cholangiocarcinoma were found in the same livers at the same time, and were prominently developed after 12 weeks. In case of carcinoma, some of the livers showed more or less advanced states over the 12-15 weeks period. In the present study, hepatocellular carcinoma was developed by treating DEN in only the drinking water, without any other carcinogens or without partial hepatectomy. These results indicate that DEN is a new carcinogen that acts directly on it the liver, moreover, it might be very useful for investigating hepatotumorigenesis.
Alanine Transaminase/blood ; Animals ; Aspartate Aminotransferases/blood ; Biological Markers/blood ; Carcinogens ; *Cell Transformation, Neoplastic ; Diethylnitrosamine/toxicity ; Liver/drug effects/*pathology ; Liver Neoplasms/blood/chemically induced/*pathology ; Liver Neoplasms, Experimental/blood/*pathology ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; gamma-Glutamyltransferase/blood

No abstract available.
Female ; Metrorrhagia*

No abstract available.
Antigens, Surface* ; Oncogenes*

Background: This prospective randomized controlled study aimed to determine the effects of abdominal massage on constipation management in elderly patients with hip fractures. Methods: From August 2017 to December 2018, patients aged above 65 years with hip fractures (n = 88) were randomly assigned to a massage group that received a bowel massage (n = 48) or a control group that did not receive a bowel massage (n = 40). Patients in the bowel massage group received a bowel massage from a trained caregiver after breakfast at approximately 9:00 AM for an hour. On admission, 5 days after surgery, and on the day of discharge, the patient’s normal and actual defecation pattern, stool consistency, and any problems with defecation were assessed through a structured interview. The questionnaire comprising the Bristol Stool Scale, patient assessment of constipation, time to defecation, medication for defecations, failure to defecate, cause of admission, admission period, and date of surgery were recorded. Statistical analyses were performed 5 days after surgery and on the day of discharge. Results: The mean age of the study cohort was 81.4 years (range, 65–99 years). The number of constipation remedies was significantly lower in the massage group than in the control group on postoperative day (POD) 5 and at discharge (9 vs. 15, p = 0.049 and 6 vs. 11, p = 0.039, respectively). The number of defecation failures was significantly lower in the massage group than in the control group (10 vs. 17, p = 0.028) on POD 5. However, the number of defecation failures at discharge was not significantly different between the two groups ( p = 0.131). The development of postoperative ileus ( p = 0.271) and length of hospital stay ( p = 0.576) were not different between the groups. Conclusions The number of constipation remedies was significantly lower in the massage group than in the control group on POD 5 and discharge, and the number of defecation failures was significantly lower in the massage group than in the control group on POD 5. Therefore, abdominal massage may be considered as an independent nursing initiative for constipation management.

Gastric cancer occurs with high frequency and is a significant cause of cancer motality in Korea. The most common metastatic sites of gastric cancer are liver, lung, bone and adrenal gland. Intramuscular metastasis from gastric cancer is an rare case. Skeletal muscle is one of the most unusual sites of metastasis from any malignancy. We report an elderly patient with gastric cancer developing multiple metastasis in skeletal musle.
Adenocarcinoma* ; Adrenal Glands ; Aged* ; Humans ; Korea ; Liver ; Lung ; Muscle, Skeletal* ; Neoplasm Metastasis* ; Stomach Neoplasms

Leiomyoma is the most common benign tumor of the esophagus, but it still occurs rarely, as compared with the incidence of cacinoma. There are no geographic or racial differences and manifestations are unusual and inconsistent. About 97% of the esophageal leiomyoma may oecur in intramural type and 1 of the tumor may be polypoid type. Considerable diagnostic problems may arise as well as problems of proper surgical management. We experienced a case of a 47-year old female with esophageal leiomyoma in the mid- point of the esophagus. The patient complained of substernal discomfort for 1 month and routine examinatian and gastrofiberscope were performed. The gastrofiberscopic finding was asmoothly protruded, round bean-sized polypoid mass in the midpoint of the esophagus which was removed by polypectomy. There were no other complications. So we reported this case with review of literature.
Esophagus ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Leiomyoma* ; Middle Aged

No abstract available.
Cross-Sectional Studies* ; Korea* ; Otitis Media* ; Otitis* ; Prevalence*

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of EMD on demineralized root surface using human periodontal ligament cells and compare the effects of root conditioning materials(tetracycline(TCN), EDTA). MATERIAL AND METHODS: Dentin slices were prepared from the extracted teeth and demineralized with TCN and EDTA. Demineralized dentin slices were incubated at culture plate with 25, 50 and 100 microgram/ml concentration of EMD. Cell attachment, alkaline phosphatase activity test, protein synthesis assay and scanning electronic microscopic examination were done. RESULTS: Cells were attached significantly higher in EMD treated group at 7 and 14 days. Cell numbers were significantly higher in EMD treated group. Alkaline phosphatase activity was significantly higher in EMD treated group at 7 and 14 days. Protein synthesis was significantly higher in EMD treated group at 7 and 14 days. CONCLUSION: Enamel matrix derivatives enhance the biologic activities of human periodontal ligament cells on demineralized root surface and its effects are dependent on the concentration of EMD.
Alkaline Phosphatase ; Cell Count ; Dental Enamel ; Dentin ; Edetic Acid ; Electronics ; Electrons ; Humans ; Periodontal Ligament ; Tetracycline ; Tooth

BACKGROUND: Large hospitals should execute the forty-hour workweek from July 2004 as a matter of laws. Some institutes have used this system as the concept of five-day workweek since 2 years ago. To prepare for the forty-hour workweek effectively, all emergency physicians and headquarters of hospitals should make plans from this time. METHOD: We analyzed the emergency patients who visited the ER on two consecutive work-free days and ordinary days of last year. The number of patients, final results, such as admission or home discharge, the clinics participating in emergency care, and other components were analyzed according to two consecutive work-free days and the ordinary days. RESULT: The number of emergency patients who visited ER during the two consecutive work-free days was increased by 39.5~100.8% compared to the ordinary days. Although the number of emergency patients was larger during these days, the admission rate was lowered by 3.8~14.5%. Patients who were cared for by an emergency physician or a pediatric physician were markedly larger during the two consecutive work-free days, and the patients cared by an internal medicine were lower. CONCLUSION: To care for the emergency patients more effectively during the two consecutive work-free days in the forty-hour workweek system, we should increase the number of emergency physicians and pediatric physicians, and space for fast track and pediatric emergency care should be secured.
Academies and Institutes ; Emergencies* ; Emergency Medical Services ; Humans ; Internal Medicine ; Jurisprudence

Nowadays, the increasing use of antibiotics induces many complications including pseudomembranous colitis. Isolates of toxigenic Clostridium difficile, the most frequent cause of antibiotic-associated pseudomembranous colitis, are almost always highly susceptible to rifampicin. However, resistant isolates exist and have been associated with colitis in humans. We report a case of pseudomem- branous colitis associated with rifampicin administration.
Aged* ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Clostridium difficile ; Colitis ; Enterocolitis, Pseudomembranous* ; Humans ; Rifampin*