To design the lecture introduction of the sketch of RPD in prosthodontics by the following ways: such as textbooks, teaching aim, the key and difficulty points in teaching, the arrangement of the lecture, the preparation of teaching aids, learning, teaching methods process, preparation, situation creation, leading-in of new lessons, discussion, impartment and points, case demonstration, display of blackboard-writing, summary and conclusion as well.

Oral medicine is an important clinical subject of Stomatology for higher vocational education. By combining theory-practice integration teaching pattern,and the teaching practice for more than one year and the teaching examples,this article makes an analysis of regarding the complete teaching system such as supporting the teaching outline,notes and textbook,perfect teaching condition,a high quality of Double-professionally-titled Teachers,scientific and effective teaching evaluation system to sum up some teaching rules of the theory-practice integration teaching of oral medicine.

Objective To investigate the effect of preconditioning with sodium butyrate on myocardial I/R injury. Methods Anesthetized rats were treated with sodium butyrate (100 or 300 mg/kg, i.p.) 30 mins before ischemia, and then subjected to ischemia for 30 min followed by reperfusion for 4 h. LDH, CK, TNF-α, IL-6, HMGB1, infarct size, MDA and SOD activity were measured. The infracted size was tested by TTC assay; The expression of HMGB1 was observed by western blot. Results After 4 h reperfusion, pretreatment of sodium butyrate (300 mg/kg) could significantly reduce the infarct size and the levels of LDH and CK (P<0.05)comparing to the control group; inhibit the increase of the MDA level and the decrease of the SOD level(P<0.05), also inhibit the expression of TNF-α, IL-6 and HMGB1 (all P < 0.05) induced by I/R. Conclusion Preconditioning of sodium butyrate can attenuate myocardial I/R injury by inhibiting inflammation response.

The factors influencing the social service of digital resources in libraries of domestic medical colleges and universities and the experiences with rationally optimized service in regional library colleagues were analyzed according to the introduction of foreign digital resources, development of characteristic databases, and opening of such databases to the public, with measures put forward for improving the social service of digital resources in li-braries of domestic medical colleges and universities.

Purpose To analyze the imaging manifestations of solitary fibrous tumors (SFT) so as to improve its diagnosis. Materials and Methods The CT and MRI findings of 24 patients with SFT confirmed pathologically were analyzed retrospectively and compared respectively with their pathological results in terms of lesion's location, size, shape, density (signal), type of enhancement and relationship with the surrounding tissues. Seven patients underwent MRI scan, 5 were with enhanced scan; 17 patients were carried out plain CT scan and 11 were with enhanced CT scan. Results The lesions in the 23 cases were solid and 1 was solid and cystic. Through the imaging diagnosis, 20 cases were diagnosed as benign tumors, 2 cases were diagnosed as malignancies, and 2 benign tumors were misdiagnosed, which showed that the diagnose accordance rate was 91.7%(22/24). On plain CT scans, 5 lesions (maximum diameter<4 cm) showed homogeneous density; 7 cases (maximum diameter>5 cm) showed heterogeneous density, 4 of which had calcification and 7 had necrosis; the shapes were round-like or lobulated. On enhanced CT scans, 5 cases presented progressive enhancement pattern, 5 cases showed fast-in and slow-out pattern, 1 case showed slight enhancement pattern. On MRI scan, 4 cases of the solid part of tumors showed isointensity signals on T1WI and isointensity or slight hyperintensity signals on T2WI, 3 cases showed isointensity or low signals on T1WI and low, isointensity or slight hyperintensity signals on T2WI, and slight hyperintensity signal on DWI, the solid part of tumors were strongly enhanced. Two malignant tumors presented features like heterogeneous density, unclear boundary, invasive growth and progressive enhancement pattern. The pathological findings demonstrated that the tumor tissues mainly consisted of spindle cells with rich fibers and vessels. Conclusion The imaging findings of benign and malignant SFT have certain features, malignant SFT have invasive growth signs. The obvious progressive enhancement of solid component which shows isointensity and hyperintensity on T1WI or T2WI may be helpful in the diagnosis of SFT; however, the final diagnosis should be confirmed with histopathology.

Objective To evaluate the roles of multi-voxel proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) in the early diagnosis of vascular cognitive impairment no dementia (VCIND).Methods Seventy-eight out-patients and inpatients in Department of Neurology, the second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University from December 2008 to September 2009 were recruited in this case-control study.Their cognitive functions were assessed with a wide range of neuropsychological battery of tests including Montreal cognitive assessment ( MoCA Beijing Version ), auditory verbal learning test ( AVLT), digital span test (DST), Rey-Osterrieth complex figure test (CFT) ,semantic and phonetic fluency tests, digit symbol coding subtest (DSCT), trail making test (TMT), clock drawing test (CDT) and the Stroop color-word test (SCWT).All patients were classified into vascular cognitive impairment no dementia (VCIND) group and cognitive normal control group based on the results of neuropsychological tests.Eighteen patients with VCIND and 18 gender-, age- and education-matched normal control were randomly selected for the following study.With multi-voxel 1H-MRS, the levels of N-acetylaspartartate (NAA), creatine (Cr) and choline (Cho) in gray matters of bilateral frontal lobe, temporal lobe, parietal lobe and thalamus were measured and the ratios of NAA/Cr, Cho/Cr were compared between the two groups.Meanwhile, the correlations between scores of MoCA and its sub-items and the ratios of NAA/Cr, Cho/Cr were analyzed in VCIND group.Informed consent was obtained from all participants and the study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the hospital.Results Compared with control group, the ratios of NAA/Cr were significantly decreased in bilateral gray matters of thalamus ( left, 1.56 ± 0.49 vs 1.89 ± 0.48, F = 11.222, P = 0.002; right,1.63± 0.45 vs 1.86 ± 0.33, F = 5.358, P = 0.027 ).No significant difference were found in NAA/Cr in gray matters of bilateral frontal lobe, temporal lobe, parietal lobe and Cho/Cr in all regions between two groups ( all P ＞ 0.05 ).In VCIND group, the decreased degree of NAA/Cr in bilateral gray matters of thalamus was significantly positively correlated with the MoCA total score ( r = 0.54, 0.44 ) as well as the sub-scores in tested items of memory ( r = 0.61, 0.49 ), attention ( r = 0.43, 0.36 ), language ( r = 0.39,0.31) and visuospatial or executive( r = 0.29 , 0.33, all P＜0.05 orP＜0.01).Conclusions Cognitive impairment in patients with VCIND maybe related to metabolic dysfunction of neurons in bilateral thalamic.Multi-voxel 1H-MRS plays an important role in early diagnosis and monitoring disease progression of VCIND.

Objective To compare the efficacy of different therapies for idiopathic membranous nephropathy (IMN) patients, and to discuss their rationality. Methods The clinicopathological data and therapies of 76 patients with IMN in our hospital was retrospectively analyzed and reviewed, and the efficacy was followed up.According to the different therapies, 76 patients were divided into 4 groups, including symptomatic treatment group, glucocorticoid-alone group, immunosuppressant-alone group, and glucocorticoid in combination with immunosuppressant group (combination group). Comparison and analysis of the efficacy of the different therapies were made. Results (1) The incidence of nephrotic syndrome and 24-hour proteinuria of patients in symptomatic treatment group were significantly lower than those in glucocorticoid-alone group and combination group. (2) The remission rates of 4 groups were 56.3%,73.7%,66.7% and 78.9%, respectively. In general, no statistical differences were observed in the remission rates of patients among the symptomatic treatment group, glucocorticoid-alone group and combination group. The 2-year and 5-year renal survival rates were 89.2% and 79.3%, respectively. (3) Patients in glucocorticoid-alone group and combination group were divided into low-risk, moderate-risk and high-risk patients. No difference in remission rate was observed between the two therapies for low-risk and moderate-risk patients.But for high-risk patients,the remission rate in combination group was significantly higher than that in glucocorticoid-alone group.(4) Patients in glucocorticoid-alone group and combination group were divided into remission subgroup and non-remission subgroup. It showed that only estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) between these two subgroups had statistical difference, and eGFR in non-remission subgroup was lower than that in the remission subgroup. Conclusions For high-risk patients,treatment with glucocorticoid combined with immunosuppressant may improve the remission rate of proteinuria significantly.Glomerular filtration rate before treatments is an important prognostic factor.

Objective To investigate the effect of gut bacteria under chronic colitis on the progression of hepatoma in mice.Methods 22 hepatitis B virus (HBV) -transgenic mice ( male, 8 weeks) were randomly divided into two groups, one group (n =10) was fed the drinking water containing 2% dextran sodium sulphate(DSS)to induce chronic colitis and the control group(n =12)was fed with normal drinking water.In order to investigate the effect of gut microbes, 7 male HBV-transgenic mice(8 weeks, with no detectable hepatoma under microscopy) were cohoused with 4 mice with hepatoma for 16 weeks.Results No significant liver cell damage was observed in the group of the mice fed with 2% DSS-containing drinking water.By the 22 -week old,9 of the 10 mice(90.0%) fed with 2% DSS-containing drinking water, 2 of the 12 mice(16.7%) fed with normal drinking had hepatoma.Both the hepatoma incidence and the tumor numbers in the group of mice fed with DSS-containing water were significantly higher than that in the controls (P =0.002 and P =0.028respetively).Compared to controls, the bacteria family Prevotella (P =0.022) and Anaeroplasma (P =0.014) reduced significantly in the mice with induced chronic colitis.All the mice (n =7) cohoused with the mice with hepatoma had the liver tumor developed at 24 -week-old.Conclusion Alterations of gut bacteria under chronic colitis may promote the development of liver cancer.

Objective To characterize the changes of retinal structure and visual field mean defects (MD) in early Parkinson's disease (PD) and the related factors.Methods Twenty-five patients with early stage PD and 33 normal controls were enrolled in this study.PD patients were evaluated by unified Parkinson's disease rating scale (UPDRS) and Hoehn-Yahr (H-Y) stage in off period.All subjects undertook retina of retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) and macular examinations by optical coherence tomography (OCT),and MD by automatic visual field analyzer.Results (1) The average thicknesses of RNFL and C11 quadrant RNFL were thinner in PD group [(96.2 ±7.6) μm and (124.4 ± 18.4) μm] than in healthy controls [(102.6 ± 5.0) μm and (135.4 ± 21.8) μm,respectively,P =0.000 and P =0.047].Moreover,PD patients had a thinner average thickness of macular[(277.2 ±9.6) μm vs (285.8 ± 12.6)μm,P=0.006],and smaller macular volume compared with controls [(10.0 ± 0.3) mm3 vs (10.3 ±0.4) mm3,P =0.006].However,there was no significant difference in MD between PD and control subjects [(0.43 ± 2.75) dB vs (-0.18 ± 1.41) dB,P =0.322].(2) Pearson's correlation analysis showed that H-Y stage was negative correlated with the average RNFL thickness (r =-0.569),average macular thickness and volume (r=-0.501 and r=-0.417) in PD patients (all P＜0.05).Conclusions PD patients have thinner average thicknesses of RNFL,C11 quadrant RNFL and macular,smaller macular volume than those in normal controls.There were no significant differences in MD between two groups.There were negative relationships between H-Y stage,and retinal thickness and volume of PD patients.

Objective To explore the type and etiology of chronic pain in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD),and to assess the association between pain and cognitive function.Methods A total of 116 PD patients were enrolled in the study and assessed with the following rating scales:Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS),Hoehn-Yahr Scale (H-Y),Hamilton Depression Rating Scale for Depression(HRSD),Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA).Results Compared with PD patients without pain,PD patients with pain had higher scores of UPDRS,H-Y and HRSD rating scales.Depression(scores of HRSD) was the only factor associated with pain showed by the Logistic regression model (P =0.007).PD patients with pain had lower scores of delayed recall (P =0.020).PD patients with pain happened before their motor symptoms had a lower score of delayed recall (P =0.015).Conclusions Musculoskeletal pain is the most common type in PD patients with pain.Depression is probably an independent risk factor for pain in PD patients.Delayed recall is the dominant impaired cognitive function.