Objective To investigate the carriage and homology of carbapenemase genes of multidrug-resistant Acinetobacterbaumannii (MDRAB)in Wujiang area.Methods A total of 44 non-duplicated MDRAB isolated from patients in 3 general hospitals in Wujiang area from January 2010 to December 2013 were collected. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs)were detected,carbapenemase genes OXA-51,OXA-23,OXA-24,OXA-58, IMP,TEM,SHV,and GES were amplified with polymerase chain reaction(PCR),homology of strains was detec-ted with pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE).Results 44 MDRAB strains were mainly collected from sputum (93.18% ),mainly distributed in intensive care unit (ICU),department of respiratory diseases,and department of neurosurgery,accounting for 45.45% ,27.27% ,and 13.64% respectively;MDRAB were both sensitive to minocy-cline and polymyxin B,resistance rates to piperacillin,ampicillin/sulbactam,ceftazidime,gentamicin,amikacin, and ciprofloxacin were all 100.00% ,resistance rates to imipenem and meropenem were both 97.73% . 44 MDRAB strains were all detected OXA-51,OXA-23 and TEM genes,12 strains were positive for GES gene,1 strain was positive for OXA-58 and SHV respectively,OXA-24 and IMP genes were not found ;MDRAB were divided into 7 types of G-A,which included 19,3,9,3,1,4,and 5 strains respectively,type A was mainly from two large gen-eral hospitals in Wujiang area (Wujiang First People’s Hospital and Shengze Hospital),type B,D and E strains were not detected in Wujiang First People’s Hospital,type E strain was only 1 isolate and was from Yongding Hos-pital,the other types were sporadically distributed.Conclusion Multidrug resistance of clinically isolated Acineto-bacterbaumannii is serious in Wujiang area,OXA-23 and TEM genes are major causes of multidrug resistance in Acinetobacterbaumannii,the main types are A and C,which present clonal spread.

Objective To investigate the clinical value of mean channel of neutrophil volume (MNV), mean channel of neutrophil conductivity (MNC) and mean channel of neutrophil scatter (MNS) in predicting acute bacterial infection.Methods Peripheral blood samples from 112 patients with positive blood cultures for bacteria,70 healthy subjects and 45 non-infectious subjects with high white blood cell count(WBC) were studied using the Coulter LH 750 hematology analyzer.MNV, MNC, MNS and neutrophil volume distribution width (NDW) were retrospectively analyzed and compared with total WBC, percentage of neutrophils,neutrophil left-shift and CRP.112 blood bacterial infections were grouped according to WBC count (A:WBC ＜11.0×109 /L;B:11.0×109/L≤WBC＜15.0×109 /L;C:WBC≥15.0×109 /L) and neutrophil rate (NE ＜ 0.85 and NE ≥ 0.85 ).Results MNV and NDW increased significantly in septic patients (154.17 ± 10.08,24.36 ± 4.14 ) compared with those of healthy control group (142.09 ± 4.13,19.04 ± 1.97) and non-infectious patients with high WBC group ( 150.63 ± 8.14,20.19 ± 4.73 ).There was statistically significant difference (F value were 20.738 and 28.190 respectively,P ＜ 0.01 ). On the contrary, MNS decreased significantly in septic patients (137.15 ± 7.61 ) compared with that of healthy group (144.51±4.36) and nonspetic patients with high WBC group (142.45±7.11) ,there was significant statistical difference (F=5.217,P＜0.01).The MNV, NDW and MNS of A group were 148.09±5.76,22.39±1.97,140.07±6.11 respectively.The MNV, NDW and MNS of B group were 152.83±5.75,24.14±1.35,141.44±5.35 respectively.The MNV, NDW and MNS of C group were 164.28±6.49,29.42±5.93,134.27±9.61 respectively. There was statistically significant difference compared with healthy group (F value were 24.720,31.642,7.931, P ＜ 0.01).The MNV, NDW and MNS in the group with NE ＜0.85 were 149.17±9.06,22.59±2.73,141.19±4.34 respectively.The MNV, NDW and MNS in the group with NE≥0.85 group were 159.03±10.23,27.64±4.51,135.62 ± 8.95 respectively.There was statistically significant difference compared with healthy group ( F value was 23.970,51.309,19.792,P＜0.01).With a cut-off of 150 for the MNV, a specificity of 90% and sensitivity of 70% were achieved.NDW was associated with neutrophil left-shift (r=0.33,P＜0.01).With a cut-off of 23 for the NDW, a specificity of 100% and a sensitivity of 72% were achieved.The sensitivity of the MNV and NDW was better than total white blood cells count (with a cut-off≥ 11.0×109 /L, the sensitivity was 57% ), percentage of neutrophils( with a cut-off≥0.85, the sensitivity was 44% ) and neutrophil shift to left ( with a cut-off ＞5%, the sensitivity was 66% ) and CRP (with a cut-off ≥10 mg/L, the sensitivity was 65% ).Conclusions The MNV and NDW of the neutrophil can reflect the morphologic change of neutrophil sensitively and specificialy in acute infection. As quantitative, objective and more sensitive parameters, MNV and NDW may have a potential role for predicting the acute bacterial infection.

Objective To investigate health beliefs and fluid status in diabetic peritoneal dialysis patients, to explore the relation between fluid status and health beliefs in diabetic peritoneal dialysis patients. Methods The data were collected from the peritoneal dialysis center in Ningxia Medical University General Hospital from January 2014 through January 2015. A total of 64 diabetic peritoneal dialysis patients were recruited and investigated with health beliefs scale, fluid status and laboratory index, the influencing factors were analyzed with Logistic regression. Results Levels of perceived barriers in diabetic peritoneal dialysis patients was the lowest. The score of perceived barriers, levels of albumin and daily water intake in pedal edema diabetic peritoneal dialysis patients were 35.34±10.31, (29.90±4.51) g/L,(860.34±516.71) ml/d, and the results in the non-pedal edema patients were 31.67±12.47, (32.72±6.87) g/L, (872.22±271.85) ml/d, the difference was significant (t=-1.99,2.09,-3.07, P<0.05 or 0.01). Perceived barriers in diabetic peritoneal dialysis patients was positively correlated with edematous level (r=0.16,P<0.05) and perceived capacity balancing was negatively correlated with edematous level (r=-0.25,P<0.05). Regression analysis showed that marital status,dialysis age,daily water intake and perceived barriers were the main factors influencing fluid control in diabetic peritoneal dialysis patients. Conclusions Fluid control in diabetic peritoneal dialysis patients is affected by their health beliefs, this indicates that diabetic peritoneal dialysis patients must have insufficient awareness of fluid status and fluid adherence. It is suggested that they should establish comprehensive health beliefs.

Objective To develop an immunomagnetic bead ( IMB) assay for quantitative detection enolase ( Eno) of Candi-da albicans, and to improve the diagonosis of invasive candidiasis . Methods The immunomagnetic bead was prepared by conjuga-ting with Anti Eno of Candida albicans monoclonal antibody .HRP-conjugated goat polyclonal antibody against Candida albicans Eno was employed as detecting antibody .The performance parameters of the IMB assay including precision , specificity, linear range and limit of detection were verified by using recombinant Candida albicans Eno.Then the developed assay was applied to determine Eno levels in supernatant of pathogenic fungi cultures . Results The intra and inter-coefficient of variation was 4.54%, 5.87% and 5.26%, 8.82%at the concentration of 25 ng/mL and 5 ng/mL, respectively.The limit of detection was 0.5 ng/mL.The linear range was(0.5-50) ng/mL.The level of Eno in Candida albicans culture after incubated in 37℃for 24 h was 3.89 ng/mL and gradually in-creased to 37.89 ng/mL at 120 h.There was a positive correlation between the level of Eno and growth hyphae of Candiad albicans. There was weak cross reaction with Candida parapsilosis and no cross reaction with Candida tropicalis, Candida guilliermondii, Candida glabrata, Cryptococcus neoformans and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Conclusion An IMB assay for quantitative detection Eno of Candida albicans was developed , which was more sensitive , rapid and reliable than previous qualitative ELISA .The IMB assay has the potential to be applied to the research in invasive candidasis .

AIM: To study the cell apoptosis and the change of microstructure and ultrastructure in epididymis with experimental varicocele (EVC) in rats. METHODS: Experimental varicocele model was induced by partial ligation of the left renal vein in adolescent Sprague-Dawley Wistar rats. Apoptotic cells were detected by in situ terminal deoxynucleotityl transferase-mediated dTUP nick end labeling (TUNEL) technique. The corpus epididymis of the rats was prepared for light and electron microscopic observation. The microstructure and ultrastructure of the epididymis were studied. RESULTS: There was certain proportion of apoptosis cells in epididymis cells in control rats. The incidence of apoptosis increased remarkably in experimental group than that in control group (P

Objective To explore the expression of P53 and mettl-9 gene in colon cancer tissues and inflammation tissues and normal adjacent tissues and study its relationship with colon cancer.Methods The morphologic situation of histiocyte after H.E.stained was observed.The real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR was applied to detect the gene expression of P53 and METFL-9.Results The expression of P53 gene in inflammation tissues was significantly higher than that in cancer tissues and adjacent tissues(P ＜0.05).The expression of P53 gene in cancer tissues was significantly lower than adjacent tissues and infiammation tissues.METTL-9 gene expression in inflammation tissues was significantly lower than cancer tissues and adjacent tissues(P ＜0.05).In cancer tissues,P53 gene and METFL-9 gene were negative related.Conclusions The mutations of P53 gene played an important role in the course of colon cancer,its downstream gene METTL-9 was highly expressed in colon cancer,and the 9-methyl-converting enzyme which produced by transcription and translation might lead gene hypermethylation in the colon cancer,and thereby promoted the development of colon cancer.

Objective To investigate the infection of Mycoplasma in female urogenital system and the evolution of drug resistance. Methods Ureaplasma urealyticum (UU) and Mycoplasma hominis (MH) infections were examined by pathogen culture and fluorescence quantitative PCR in urogenital samples from 530 female patients in 2007, and drug sensitivity tests were performed in vitro. The results were compared with those in 2000. Results In 2000, there were 99 patients with Mycoplasma infections, in which 65 were of UU infections, 15 were of MH infections and 19 were of UU + MH infections. In 2007, there were 344 patients with Mycoplasma infections, in which 236 were of UU infections, 47 were of MH infections and 61 were of UU + MH infections. Patients aged 21～30 had the highest Mycoplasma infection rates both in 2000 (46.2%) and 2007 ( 50.5% ) ; while Mycoplasma infection rate in patients aged under 20 rose from 5.1% in 2000 to 12.8% in 2007 (χ2 = 4.682, P < 0.05). Both in 2000 and 2007, pathogens presented the highest drug resistance rates to tetracycline (TET) and erythromycin ( ERY ) which were all bore 80%. Compared with 2000, drug resistance rates to levofloxacin (LEV), azitromvcin (AZI) and ofloxacin (OFL) rose in 2007, and the differences were of statistical significance (P <0.05), while drug resistance rates to dmoxycycline (DOX), minocyclin (MIN) and josamycin (JOS) were still in the low level. Conclusions UU is the primary pathogen of infection in female urogenital system, and there is a tendency of Mycoplasma infection in younger age women. DOX, MIN and JOS can be the preferred medicines for Mycoplasma infections.

Mycobacterium (M.) vaccae is a fast-growing species of saprophytic bacteria that is widely distributed. To understand the host immune responses induced by M. vaccae isolated from bovine submaxillary lymph nodes, C57BL/6 mice were infected with reference strain M. vaccae Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) and isolated M. vaccae using intraperitoneal injections. Comparison of the bacterial replication and organ pathology between M. vaccae and M. vaccae BCG revealed that M. vaccae was more malignant than M. vaccae in mice. We also demonstrated that serum from the M. vaccae-infected mice contained a higher expression level of gamma-interferon (IFN-γ), tumor necrosis factor alpha, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, interleukin (IL)-4, IL-12, IL-10 and transforming growth factor beta than did the other groups, especially after week 4. Furthermore, when the numbers of CD3⁺CD4⁺IFN-γ⁺ and CD3⁺CD4⁺IL4⁺ cells in the infected mice were observed by flow cytometry, we found that a powerful T helper 1 (Th1) response was induced by M. vaccae infection, which was associated with the emergence of CD3⁺CD4⁺IFN-γ⁺ cells. However, the Th1 response declined over time, which was associated with appearance of the CD4⁺CD25⁺FoxP3⁺ and CD4⁺CD25⁺CD152⁺Treg cell reaction. In addition, a strong Th2 response was found. Finally, we found that M. vaccae infection increased the production of type I IFNs, which was associated with a reduced Th1 response.
Animals ; Bacillus ; Bacteria ; Chemokine CCL2 ; Flow Cytometry ; Injections, Intraperitoneal ; Interferon-gamma ; Interleukin-10 ; Interleukin-12 ; Interleukins ; Lymph Nodes ; Mice* ; Mycobacterium bovis ; Mycobacterium* ; Pathology ; Transforming Growth Factor beta ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha

Objective: To compare the 10 years risk for ischemic cardiovascular disease among Han, Uygur, Kazak nationality residents of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. Methods: From October 2007 to October 2010,14 618 adult (aged ≥35 years) Han (n=5 757),Uygur (n=4 767) and Kazak (n=4 094) residents were selected to join this study through the four-stage stratified cluster sampling method from 7 cities and regions of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. The 10 years risk for ischemic cardiovascular disease was calculated according to the 10 years ischemic cardiovascular disease risk assessment form modified with Chinese characteristics and compared among the residents of 3 nationalities. Results: (1) There were significant differences in age, body mass index, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure,fasting blood glucose,triglycerides,total cholesterol,low-density lipoprotein,high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, smoking history, and drinking history among Han, Uygur, Kazak nationality population (all P< 0.001). (2) There were significant differences in 10 years risk for ischemic cardiovascular disease between different gender and age group including 35-39, 40-44, 45-49, 50-54, 55-59, and ≥60 years old between Han, Uygur, Kazak nationality population (all P<0.001). (3) There were significant differences in rates of 10%-20% and>20% of 10 years risk for ischemic cardiovascular disease between different gender in Han, Uygur, Kazak nationality population (P values were 0.013 and <0.001, respectively). There were no significant differences in rates of <5% and 5%-9% of 10 years risk for ischemic cardiovascular disease between different gender in Han,Uygur,Kazak nationality population (all P>0.05).(4) There were significant differences in detection rates of diabetes,hypertension,smoking,hypertriglyceridemia,and obesity in male and female Han,Uygur,Kazak nationality population with 10 years risk for ischemic cardiovascular disease ≥10% (P<0.01 or 0.05). Meanwhile,there was significant difference in detection rates of hypercholesteremia in male Han, Uygur, Kazak nationality adults(P<0.001). There were no significant differences in detection rates of elevated low density lipoprotein cholesterol and reduced high density lipoprotein cholesterol in male and female Han,Uygur,Kazak nationality adults (all P>0.05). Conclusion There are gender and age differences in the 10 years risk for ischemic cardiovascular disease in ≥35 years old Han,Uygur,Kazak nationality adults from Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region.

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of aggregative vomiting and diarrhea outbreak in Jing'an District of Shanghai in 2017 and 2018，and provide data support for further development of effective prevention and control measures. Methods A descriptive epidemiological method was used to analyze aggregative vomiting and diarrhea outbreak data in Jing'an District in 2017 and 2018. Results A total of 49 outbreaks were reported in Jing'an District in 2017 and 2018，involving 565 cases，with the overall attack rate of 1.89%. The median duration of the outbreak was 5 days and outbreaks mainly occurred in spring and autumn. The attack rate in kindergartens was higher than that in primary and secondary schools, while the total number of outbreak cases in kindergartens was less. The main clinical symptoms of the cases were vomiting, with a higher proportion than that of diarrhea and fever. The vomiting proportion was higher in kindergartens and elementary schools, while the diarrhea proportion was higher in middle schools. Conclusion There were some differences in the epidemic characteristics between kindergartens and primary and secondary schools, therefore different control measures should be adopted according to the characteristics of different institutions. The outbreaks were mainly spread through human-to-human transmission. Early detection and early reporting of epidemics in collective institutions had a positive impact on the control of the spread of the epidemic.