Denoising methods based on wavelet analysis and empirical mode decomposition cannot essentially track and eliminate noise, which usually cause distortion of heart sounds. Based on this problem, a heart sound denoising method based on improved minimum control recursive average and optimally modified log-spectral amplitude is proposed in this paper. The proposed method uses a short-time window to smoothly and dynamically track and estimate the minimum noise value. The noise estimation results are used to obtain the optimal spectrum gain function, and to minimize the noise by minimizing the difference between the clean heart sound and the estimated clean heart sound. In addition, combined with the subjective analysis of spectrum and the objective analysis of contribution to normal and abnormal heart sound classification system, we propose a more rigorous evaluation mechanism. The experimental results show that the proposed method effectively improves the time-frequency features, and obtains higher scores in the normal and abnormal heart sound classification systems. The proposed method can help medical workers to improve the accuracy of their diagnosis, and also has great reference value for the construction and application of computer-aided diagnosis system.
Algorithms ; Heart Sounds ; Humans ; Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted ; Signal-To-Noise Ratio ; Wavelet Analysis

Chest trauma is one of the most common injuries. Venous thromboembolism (VTE) as a common complication of chest trauma seriously affects the quality of patients′ life and even leads to death. Although there are some consensus and guidelines on the prevention and treatment of VTE at home and abroad, the current literatures lack specificity considering the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of VTE in patients with chest trauma have their own characteristics, especially for those with blunt trauma. Accordingly, China Chest Injury Research Society and editorial board of Chinese Journal of Traumatology organized relevant domestic experts to jointly formulate the Chinese expert consensus on the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of chest trauma venous thromboembolism associated with chest trauma (2022 version). This consensus provides expert recommendations of different levels as academic guidance in terms of the characteristics, clinical manifestations, risk assessment, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of chest trauma-related VTE, so as to offer a reference for clinical application.

"The Expert Group on Tumor Ablation Therapy of Chinese Medical Doctor Association, The Tumor Ablation Committee of Chinese College of Interventionalists, The Society of Tumor Ablation Therapy of Chinese Anti-Cancer Association and The Ablation Expert Committee of the Chinese Society of Clinical Oncology" have organized multidisciplinary experts to formulate the consensus for thermal ablation of pulmonary subsolid nodules or ground-glass nodule (GGN). The expert consensus reviews current literatures and provides clinical practices for thermal ablation of GGN. The main contents include: (1) clinical evaluation of GGN, (2) procedures, indications, contraindications, outcomes evaluation and related complications of thermal ablation for GGN and (3) future development directions.
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