1.The Significance and Development of the Medical Ethics Committee
Chinese Medical Ethics 1995;0(02):-
Two famous historical events which lead to the establishment of the medical ethics committee are presented in this article. We discuss the significance of the medical ethics committee and put forward 5 propositions to enhance the developing of the committee. Firstly, overcome the scruple and accelerate the construction of the medical ethics committee. Secondly, seek for the ethics spirit from the traditional culture, and establish the principles and the conception correspondingly. Thirdly, be creative and try to adapt to the promotion of medicine and society. Fourthly, strengthen the training of bioethics. Finally, promote the communication between ethics review committees.
3.Isolation, identification and drug sensitivity analysis of Mycobacteroides abscessus in a hospital in Hainan Province from 2014 to 2021
WANG Jieying ; CHEN Zhuolin ; XU Yuni ; YU Chunchun ; KONG Fanrong ; CHEN Qiong ; ZHONG Yeteng
China Tropical Medicine 2023;23(9):947-
Abstract: Objective To identify the species of Mycobacteroides abscessus complex (MABC) in patients with pulmonary infection from the Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, and to investigate the species types, drug sensitivity and population distribution of MABC in pulmonary infection in Hainan. Methods Respiratory tract specimens were collected from suspected tuberculosis patients who visited the Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University from January 2014 to December 2021 and cultured for Mycobacterium isolation. Non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) strains were preliminarily identified by p-nitrobenzoic acid/thiophen-2-carbohydrazide (PNB/TCH) medium and DNA microarray chip, and then MABC and its subspecies were identified by hsp65 and rpoB gene sequencing. In vitro antimicrobial susceptibility test was performed by broth microdilution method. Results A total of 3 025 respiratory specimens from suspected pulmonary tuberculosis patients were collected during the study period. Among the 123 patients with identified MABC isolates, 124 MABC strains were isolated and identified, including 74 strains of Mycobacteroides abscessus subsp. abscessus, 38 strains of Mycobacteroides abscessus subsp. massiliense and 12 strains of Mycobacteroides abscessus subsp. bolletii. Among them, 118 patients had single MABC subspecies infection, one patient had mixed infection with two MABC subspecies, two patients had mixed infection with MABC and other NTM, and two cases had mixed infection with MABC and M.tuberculosis. There were more female patients than male patients with a ratio of 1:0.64, and those aged 50 and above amounted to 76.42% (94/123, 95%CI: 67.93%-83.61%). There was no significant difference in age distribution between male and female patients (Z=-0.944, P=0.347). The drug susceptibility results showed that all MABC strains were sensitive to Tigecycline (TGC), with a resistance rate of 0.81% (1/124) to Amikacin (AK), and resistance rates of 6.45% (8/124), 32.26% (40/124), and 74.19% (92/124) to Cefoxitin (FOX), Linezolid (LZD), and Imipenem (IPM), respectively. For Clarithromycin (CLR), MABC showed induced resistance , and there was a statistically significant difference in the CLR (14D) resistance rates among the three subspecies (χ2=66.335, P<0.001). The resistance rates to Tobramycin (TOB), Doxycycline (DOX), Moxifloxacin (MFX), Ciprofoxacin (CIP), Trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX), and Amoxicillin/Clavulanic acid (AMC) were high, all >80%. Conclusion In Hainan Province, pulmonary infections with MABC are mainly caused by Mycobacteroides abscessus subsp. Abscessus, which show high rates of inducible resistance to CLR. Timely and accurate identification of MABC to subspecies and drug susceptibility testing are of significant important for clinical decision-making.
4.Codon optimization of the rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus (RHDV) capsid gene leads to increased gene expression in Spodoptera frugiperda 9 (Sf9) cells.
Jingpeng GAO ; Chunchun MENG ; Zongyan CHEN ; Chuanfeng LI ; Guangqing LIU
Journal of Veterinary Science 2013;14(4):441-447
Rabbit hemorrhagic disease (RHD) is contagious and highly lethal. Commercial vaccines against RHD are produced from the livers of experimentally infected rabbits. Although several groups have reported that recombinant subunit vaccines against rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus (RHDV) are promising, application of the vaccines has been restricted due to high production costs or low yield. In the present study, we performed codon optimization of the capsid gene to increase the number of preference codons and eliminate rare codons in Spodoptera frugiperda 9 (Sf9) cells. The capsid gene was then subcloned into the pFastBac plasmid, and the recombinant baculoviruses were identified with a plaque assay. As expected, expression of the optimized capsid protein was markedly increased in the Sf9 cells, and the recombinant capsid proteins self-assembled into virus-like particles (VLPs) that were released into the cell supernatant. Rabbits inoculated with the supernatant and the purified VLPs were protected against RHDV challenge. A rapid, specific antibody response against RHDV was detected by an ELISA in all of the experimental groups. In conclusion, this strategy of producing a recombinant subunit vaccine antigen can be used to develop a low-cost, insect cell-derived recombinant subunit vaccine against RHDV.
Animals
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Antigens, Viral/genetics/metabolism
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Caliciviridae Infections/prevention & control/*veterinary/virology
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Capsid Proteins/*genetics/metabolism
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Cell Culture Techniques/*methods
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Codon/genetics/metabolism
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Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay/veterinary
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*Gene Expression Regulation, Viral
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Hemorrhagic Disease Virus, Rabbit/*genetics/immunology
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*Rabbits
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Recombinant Proteins/genetics/metabolism
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Sf9 Cells
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Spodoptera
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Viral Structural Proteins/*genetics/metabolism
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Viral Vaccines/genetics/immunology
5. Serotype identification and antibiotic susceptibility of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli in the Weishan area in Shandong Province, China
Chunchun SHAO ; Bin HU ; Zhenwang BI ; Zengqiang KOU ; Ming FANG ; Baoli CHEN ; Zhenqiang BI
Chinese Journal of Preventive Medicine 2017;51(1):70-75
Objective:
To determine the serotypes and drug resistance profiles of Shiga toxin-producing
6.Eye care health behaviors among primary school students in Wenzhou during COVID-19
LI Chunchun, TANG Yuan, XIAO Haishao, ZHU Yan,CHEN Yanyan,ZHUO Dongjian
Chinese Journal of School Health 2020;41(10):1495-1498
Objective:
To investigate eye care behaviors among primary students in Wenzhou during Novel Coronavirus epidemic(COVID-19),and to provide a basis for eye care education and myopia prevention strategy.
Methods:
A total of 1 127 students from grade one to grade six of six primary schools in Wenzhou were selected to participate in an on-line invistigation regarding class attendance and eye care behaviors during the epidemic, March 6-9, 2020.
Results:
During the epidemic period, the primary school students in Wenzhou mainly took classes on the Internet (936, 83.1%), and the main learning tools were computers (391, 34.7%) and mobile phones (344, 30.5%), with an average of 3.00 h of online class. On average, students needed 2.00 h to complete homework and 1.00 h of extracurricular reading every day. In addition to learning, the daily use of mobile phone or ipad, computer and TV was 1.00,0.50,1.00 h respectively. Limited by the epidemic situation, the average daily exercise time of students was 0.81 h, including 0.00 h of outdoor activities; the average daily sleep was 9.00 h . During the epidemic period, 553 pupils (49.1%) reported eye discomfort, of which the most common was dry eyes (379, 47.4%). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that the main learning tools of non-electronic products, reading distance > 30 cm or not reading, exercise time >0.5 h and outdoor activity time > 0.5 h were the protective factors of ocular discomfort (P<0.05). More than 2 h homework and recreational screen time higher than 0.5 h were risk factors for ocular discomfort(P<0.05).
Conclusion
During the epidemic period, online learning increasedeye strain.Time of electronic devices usage,correct posture for reading,moderate level of ourdan physical activity,as well as prevention and treatment of eye strain should be strictly monitored.
7.Determination of Antiseptic, Residual Ethanol, Heavy Metals and Harmful Elements in Fuyanyu Mixture
Min LIU ; Le YU ; Chunchun WANG ; Zhangjin CHEN ; Guiyun CHEN
China Pharmacist 2017;20(10):1723-1727
Objective:To study the safety factors of Fuyanyu mixture. Methods: The contents of antiseptic and residual ethanol were determined by HPLC and GC, respectively, and those of heavy metals and harmful elements were detected by ICP-MS. Results:The contents of benzoic acid in 6 batches of samples were less than 0. 3%. In two thirds of samples, ethanol residue was more than 0. 5%. The total mercury exceeded 15μg/day in one of the samples, and the contents of Pb, Ge, Gr, As, Ni and Cu met the limits described in USP<232> in all of the last samples. Conclusion: The methods are accurate and reliable. It is urgent to improve the preparation process so as to reduce the residual amount of ethanol according to the detection results. It is recommended to increase the testing items that affect the safety of the preparation so as to control the preparation quality strictly.
8.Determination of Antiseptic, Residual Ethanol, Heavy Metals and Harmful Elements in Fuyanyu Mixture
Min LIU ; Le YU ; Chunchun WANG ; Zhangjin CHEN ; Guiyun CHEN
China Pharmacist 2017;20(10):1723-1727
Objective:To study the safety factors of Fuyanyu mixture. Methods: The contents of antiseptic and residual ethanol were determined by HPLC and GC, respectively, and those of heavy metals and harmful elements were detected by ICP-MS. Results:The contents of benzoic acid in 6 batches of samples were less than 0. 3%. In two thirds of samples, ethanol residue was more than 0. 5%. The total mercury exceeded 15μg/day in one of the samples, and the contents of Pb, Ge, Gr, As, Ni and Cu met the limits described in USP<232> in all of the last samples. Conclusion: The methods are accurate and reliable. It is urgent to improve the preparation process so as to reduce the residual amount of ethanol according to the detection results. It is recommended to increase the testing items that affect the safety of the preparation so as to control the preparation quality strictly.
9.Affinity maturation of anti-TNF-alpha scFv with somatic hypermutation in non-B cells.
Shaopeng CHEN ; Junkang QIU ; Chuan CHEN ; Chunchun LIU ; Yuheng LIU ; Lili AN ; Junying JIA ; Jie TANG ; Lijun WU ; Haiying HANG
Protein & Cell 2012;3(6):460-469
Activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) is required for the generation of antibody diversity through initiating both somatic hypermutation (SHM) and class switch recombination. A few research groups have successfully used the feature of AID for generating mutant libraries in directed evolution of target proteins in B cells in vitro. B cells, cultured in suspension, are not convenient for transfection and cloning. In this study, we established an AID-based mutant accumulation and sorting system in adherent human cells. Mouse AID gene was first transfected into the human non-small cell lung carcinoma H1299 cells, and a stable cell clone (H1299-AID) was selected. Afterwards, anti-hTNF-α scFv (ATscFv) was transfected into H1299-AID cells and ATscFv was displayed on the surface of H1299-AID cells. By 4-round amplification/flow cytometric sorting for cells with the highest affinities to hTNF-alpha, two ATscFv mutant gene clones were isolated. Compared with the wild type ATscFv, the two mutants were much more efficient in neutralizing cytotoxicity of hTNF-alpha. The results indicate that directed evolution by somatic hypermutation can be carried out in adherent non-B cells, which makes directed evolution in mammalian cells easier and more efficient.
Animals
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Antibody Affinity
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Cells, Cultured
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Cytidine Deaminase
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genetics
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metabolism
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HEK293 Cells
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Humans
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Immunoglobulin Variable Region
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genetics
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immunology
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Mice
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Mutation
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Single-Chain Antibodies
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chemistry
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genetics
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immunology
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Somatic Hypermutation, Immunoglobulin
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genetics
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immunology
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Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
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immunology
10. Characteristics and drug resistance of non-O157 Shiga toxin-producing E. coli in animal feces, from Shandong Province
Bin HU ; Zengqiang KOU ; Chunchun SHAO ; Haiying YIN ; Zongdong LIU ; Xuehua XU ; Ming FANG ; Baoli CHEN ; Changyin WEI ; Guifeng LI ; Zhenwang BI
Chinese Journal of Preventive Medicine 2018;52(3):271-276
Objective:
To understand the infection status, characteristics and drug resistance of non-O157 Shiga toxin-producing