This paper introduces the development and animal tests of a miniaturized electrical chest compression device. Based on pulse width modulation technology produced by micro control unit, the device can control the frequency and depth of the compression accurately, as well as perform real-time adjustment. Therefore, it can perform continuous and stable chest compression for long time, which may increase the successful rate of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). Besides, the device can also produce different types of compression waveforms, including trapezoidal and triangular waveforms. Then, the performance and efficacy of the device was assessed with a rat model of asphyxial cardiac arrest (CA).
Animals ; Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation ; instrumentation ; Disease Models, Animal ; Electricity ; Heart Arrest ; therapy ; Heart Rate ; Pressure ; Rats ; Thorax

Objective To investigate the relationship between white matter lesions (WML) within the cholinergic pathway and vascular cognitive impairment.Method Middle-aged and elderly stroke patients underwent brain MRI examination and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA).Cholinergic Pathways Hyperintensities Scale (CHIPS) scores and the overall WML burden by Schelten on fluidattenuated inversion recovery MRI images were determined and compared with MoCA scores.Spearman partial rank correlation coefficients and standardized regression coefficients were calculated.Results Thirty four patients were included ( mean age ( 62.2 ± 8.8 ) years, 45-82 years).MoCA scores negatively correlated with WML burdens by Schelten scores ( β = - 0.357, P = 0.042) and CHIPS scores ( β =-0.382,P=0.026).CHIPS scores were negatively associated with visuospatial and executive function (r = - 0.290, P = 0.048 ), naming function ( r = - 0.486, P = 0.002 ), attention ( r = - 0.311, P =0.037) and abstraction ( r = - 0.344, P = 0.023).Schelten scores were negatively associated with naming function (r = - 0.492, P = 0.002), attention ( r = - 0.364, P = 0.017) and abstraction ( r = - 0.390,P=0.011).Conclusion WML lesions within the cholinergic pathyway play a possible role in vascular cognitive impairment especially in visuospatial and executive function.

Objective To design a temperature control strategy for riptide bioreactor to eliminate integral saturation by conventional proportion integration differentiation (PID) control.Methods According to the requirement of the riptide bioreactor for the temperature control,the temperature control system model determined by experiment was got,then the effectiveness of the integral limiter PID control method was verified,and finally the integral limiter PID control method wasimproved further using the integral separation combined with the actual experimental results and its effectiveness was tested.Results The simulation results showed that the control effects of the integral limiter PID was good.However,the actual tests proved that there was still deficiencies in large overshoot and long stable time,and good experimental results were obtainedafter improving the integral limiter PID by the integral separation method.Conclusion The improved integral limiter PID control method effectively avoids the overshoot of the system caused by the integral saturation,achieves high control precision,has a very good control performance for the temperature control of riptide bioreactor,and well meets the requirements of mammalian cell culture.

Protamines are a group of highly basic proteins first discovered in spermatozoon that allow for denser packaging of DNA than histones and will result in down-regulation of gene transcription[1].It is well recognized that the Autographa californica multicapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus (AcMNPV) encodes P6.9,a protamine-like protein that forms the viral subnucleosome through binding to the viral genome[29].Previous research demonstrates that P6.9 is essential for viral nucleocapsid assembly,while it has no influence on viral genome replication[31].In the present study,the role of P6.9 in viral gene transcription regulation is characterized.In contrast to protamines or other protamine-like proteins that usually down-regulate gene transcription,P6.9 appears to up-regulate viral gene transcription at 12-24 hours post infection (hpi),whereas it is non-essential for the basal level of viral gene transcription.Fluorescence microscopy reveals the P6.9's co-localization with DNA is temporally and spatially synchronized with P6.9's impact on viral gene transcription,indicating the P6.9-DNA association contributes to transcription regulation.Chromatin fractionation assay further reveals an unexpected co-existence of P6.9 and host RNA polymerase Ⅱ in the same transcriptionally active chromatin fraction at 24 hpi,which may probably contribute to viral gene transcription up-regulation in the late infection phase.

Objective To design a temperature control strategy for wave bioreactors.Methods According to the requirements of temperature control precision and response speed of wave bioreactors,the traditional PID control method was combined with fuzzy control method which was used to adjust the parameters of the PID control in real time online in order to strengthen the ability of the temperature control strategy to regulate temperature.Results A fuzzy PID controller was completed and simulation results were compared with the traditional PID controller.Conclusion The fuzzy PID control method has a smaller overshoot and shorter stability than the traditional one, so it has a higher temperature control performance.

Objective To develop a BP neural network to differentiate between ventricular fibrillation( VF) and non-VF rhythms.Methods Eighteen metrics were extracted from the ECG signals.Each of these metrics respectively characterized each aspect of the signals, such as morphology, gaussianity, spectra, variability, and complexity.These metrics were regarded as the input vector of the BP neural network.After training, a classifier used for VF and non-VF rhythm classification was obtained.Results and Conclusion The constructed BP neural network was tested with the databases of VFDB and CUDB, and the accuracy was 98.61%and 95.37%, respectively.

Objective To explore the value of coronary CT angiography (CCTA) in prediction of major adverse cardiac events (MACE) in patients with coronary plaques.Methods Totally 256 coronary atherosclerotic plaque patients underwent CCTA.The degree of coronary stenosis was assessed quantitatively,and the plaque components were analyzed and classified.The occurrence of MACE was followed up.Three models were established for predicting MACE,including model 1 (classification of CCTA stenosis),model 2 (classification of CCTA stenosis combined with plaque typing) and model 3 (CCTA combined with plaque typing and clinical risk factors).The ability of the three models to predict MACE was evaluated.Results Follow-up was completed in 209 patients.Forty-six patients had experienced MACE.Classification of CCTA stenosis and plaque typing were used to assess the risk of MACE,and the hazard ratio (HR) was 4.47 and 3.43,respectively,both higher than those of clinical risk factors.The predictive ability of MACE by model 2 and model 3 was significantly superior to that of model 1 (P＜0.05),and there was no significant difference between model 2 and model 3 (P=0.076).Conclusion CCTA can assess the risk of MACE from both coronary stenosis and plaque typing.The new modality of CCTA stenosis classification combined with plaque typing could promote the ability of CCTA to predict the risk of MACE.

Objective:To explore the significance of coagulation and platelet function analysis (Sonoclot) in monitoring coagulation function, severity evaluation and blood transfusion indication of perioperative liver transplant (LT) recipients.Methods:A total of 95 perioperative LT recipients received Sonoclot, thromboelastography (TEG), routine coagulation panel, liver function panel, blood routine, acute physiology and chronic health evaluation Ⅱ (APACHE Ⅱ) scoring and model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) scoring between January 2021 and October 2022.The correlation analysis of the above parameters was performed.According to the scores of APACHE Ⅱ and MELD, they were assigned into three groups of low-risk, medium-risk and high-risk.The levels of Sonoclot parameters in each group were compared.They were divided into two groups of transfusion (n=31) and non-transfusion (n=64) according to the necessity or non-necessity of transfusion..The risk factors for blood transfusion were examined by Logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve.Results:Pearson's correlation analysis indicated that activated clotting time (ACT) value was correlated positively with the levels of prothrombin time (PT), prothrombin time ratio (PTR), international standard ratio (INR), R/K value, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and lactic dehydrogenase (LDH)( r=0.279 1, P=0.006 2; r=0.280 2, P=0.006 5; r=0.3, P=0.003 5; r=0.642 8, P<0.000 1; r=0.452 8, P<0.000 1; r=0.377 6, P=0.002; r=0.349 6, P=0.000 6; r=0.271 4, P=0.018 3) and yet negatively with the levels of platelet (PLT), MA, CI and α ( r=-0.339 1, P=0.000 8; r=-0.573 3, P<0.000 1; r=-0.656 3, P<0.000 1; r=-0.632 6, P<0.000 1); CR value was correlated positively with the levels of maximal amplitude (MA), coagulation index (CI), α and ALT ( r=0.466 8, P=0.000 6; r=0.482 7, P=0.000 4; r=0.514 8, P=0.000 1; r=0.229 2, P=0.027 1) and yet negatively with the level of R/K value ( r=-0.366 9, P=0.010 3; r=-0.356 9, P=0.011 0); platelet function (PF) value was correlated positively with the levels of PLT, MA, CI, α and alkaline phosphatase (ALP)( r=0.481 9, P<0.000 1; r=0.630 7, P<0.000 1; r=0.623 5, P<0.000 1; r=0.593 0, P<0.000 1; r=0.223 1, P=0.032 5) and yet negatively with the level of R/K value ( r=-0.421 5, P=0.002 8; r=-0.530 7, P<0.000 1). CR value was correlated negatively with APACHE Ⅱ score ( r=-0.212 3, P=0.038 9) while ACT value was correlated positively with MELD score ( r=0.244, P=0.04). ACT values spiked in low, middle and high-risk groups of APACHE Ⅱ and MELD scores while PF value declined gradually by grouping these recipients based upon scoring systems.CR values decreased merely in MELD score.Logistic regression analysis indicated that ACT was a risk factor for necessity of blood transfusion in perioperative LT recipients ( OR=1.010, 95% CI 1.000-1.019, P<0.05). The maximal area under the curve of ROC curve analysis plus ACT, hemoglobin (Hb) and hematocrit (Hct) was 0.896. Conclusions:Sonoclot parameters of perioperative LT recipients have some certain correlation with thromboelastographic and conventional coagulation parameters.Both may serve as a supplementary means.Associated with liver function parameters and liver scores, Sonoclot parameters are significant for early clinical evaluations.Sonoclot parameters plus Hb/Hct detection have some guiding significance for perioperative LT recipients with necessity for blood transfusion and blood products.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the differences in the therapeutic effects on relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) at remission stage between acupuncture at acupoints and shallow needling therapy at the nearby points.

METHODSForty-two patients of RRMS were randomized into an observation group and a control group, 21 cases in each one. In the observation group, besides the basic treatment, acupuncture was applied according to's empirical prescriptions as "the empirical ten needles" "thirteen needles of the governor vessel" "twelve needles of hand and foot" as well as the symptomatic points. In the control group, the basic treatment was given. Additionally, the shallow needling therapy was given at the sites 0.2 to 0.3lateral to the acupoints, and the arrival ofwas not required. In the two groups, acupuncture was given once a day for 5 days a week, continuously for 2 weeks. At the intervals of 2 weeks, totally the treatment of 3 months was required. The follow-up visit was conducted for 2 years. Separately, the scores of the expanded disability status scale (EDSS) before and in follow-up after treatment, the annual recurrent rate before and after treatment and recurrent interval after treatment were observed in the patients of the two groups.

RESULTSIn the observation group, EDSS scores in 3-month and 6-month follow-up were reduced as compared with those before treatment (both<0.05) and those in the 12-month and 24-month follow-up were increased (both<0.05). In the control group, EDSS scores were increased in tendency continuously in 3-month, 6-month, 12-month and 24-month follow-up (all<0.05). In each time point of follow-up, the different value of EDSS scores in the observation group was lower than that in the control group (<0.05,<0.01). The annual recurrent rates after treatment were reduced as compared with those before treatment in the two groups (both<0.01) and the value in the observation group was lower than that in the control group (<0.01). The recurrent interval in the observation group was longer than that in the control group[(441.56±65.37) d vs (382.78±59.33) d,<0.01].

CONCLUSIONSAcupuncture achieves the significant therapeutic effects on RRMS at the remission stage. This therapy relieves the symptoms of neural functional deficits, delays the time of occurrence and reduces the annual recurrent rate.