Course construction is the central part in the teaching innovation and an important indicator of the quality of a school teaching. Based on the emphatic course construction ,the department of immunology has carried out practices from the educational philosophy,teaching content,teaching methods,teaching staff and other aspects of the courses in the construction of immunology,and has got better results.

Objective To investigate the influence of the genotype distribution of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) C677T,A1298C and methionine synthase reductase (MTRR) A66G in threatened abortion of Chinese Han gestationalage women in Sanya city,which involved in the folic acid biosynthetic pathway among.Methods One hundred and thirty-nine samples of case group and the same number of control group were recruited from Sanya region in Hainan Province.Genomic DNA was extracted from the mucosal epithelium of the subjects.The gene polyrnorphisms of MTHFR and MTRR were detected by Fluorescence quantitative PCR technology.The distribution frequencies of both case group and control group.were analyzed and compared,to investigate the effect of the gene polymorphisms on threatened abortion.Results Both the case group and the control group complied with Hardy-Weinberg law.The genotype frequency of MTHFR C677T,MTHFR A1298C and MTRR A66G were not significantly different.Conclusion This study suggests that the gene polymorphism which involved in folic metabolism was not significantly different from the group of threatened abortion and the control group,and whether the metabolism related genes are the risk factors of threatened abortion need to be further discussed.

Objective To evaluate the effect of genechip in detecting isoniazid-and rifampicinresistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) in China.Methods Studies of genechip in detecting MTB resistance to isoniazid and rifampicin in China,which were published from January 1995 to June 2013,were identified through searches of PubMed,Science Direct,CBMDISC,CNKI and Wanfang database.Meta-Disc1.4 software was used for all analyses.Results Totally 618 articles were identified.Fifteen articles published from 2004 to 2013 were finally included in the study.The pooled sensitivity and specificity of genechip in detecting MTB resistance to isoniazid was 0.79 (95 ％CI:0.77-0.81) and 0.94 (95％CI:0.93-0.95),respectively,with the area under curve (AUC) of 0.86.The pooled sensitivity and specificity of genechip in detecting MTB resistance to rifampin was 0.91 (95％CI:0.89-0.92) and 0.96 (95％CI:0.96-0.97),respectively,with the AUC of 0.97.The pooled sensitivity and specificity of genechip in detecting MTB resistance to multidrug was 0.75 (95％CI:0.72-0.78) and 0.97 (95％ CI:0.96-0.98),respectively.Conclusions The effect of genechip in detecting MTB resistance is moderate for isoniazid,while better for rifampin in China.More studies are needed to evaluate the effect of genechip in detecting multidrug resistance in MTB.

Objective: To study the therapeutic effect of secondary lymphoid tissue chemokine (SLC) combined with CpG oligodeoxynucleotide (CpG-ODN) in treatment of implanted mouse melanoma and the possible mechanism. Methods: SLC-Fc fusion protein was prepared and its chemotaxis of lymphocytes was detected by chemotaxis assay. Implanted melanoma mouse models were established and randomly divided into 4 groups: control group, SLC-Fc group, CpG-ODN group, and SLC-Fc+CpG-ODN group. The growth of implanted tumors in each group was observed after treatment. Subtype and infiltration of lymphocytes in implanted tumor tissues were examined by flow cytometry. Results: SLC-Fc protein was successfully prepared, and it dose-dependently attracted lymphocytes (0.03, 0.3, and 3 μg/L). Intra-tumor injection SLC-Fc and CpG-ODN alone or in combination significantly inhibited growth of B16-implanted tumors. Tumor size in SLC-Fc+CpG-ODN group was significantly smaller than that in control group (P<0.01), and animals in SLC-Fc+CpG-ODN group survived longer. Tumor-infiltrated CD4~+ T, CD~8+ T, and dendritic cells (DCs) in SLC-Fc+CpG-ODN group were markedly increased as compared with those in control group (P<0.05), and tumor draining lymph nodes were dramatically enlarged. Conclusion: SLC combined with CpG-ODN can inhibit the growth of implanted melanoma by attracting CD4~+ T and CD8~+ T and promoting proliferation of DCs.

Objective:To evaluate the reliability of flexural strength and subcritical crack growth(SCG)of WL and HT zirconia ce-ramics under cyclic loading.Methods:Bar-shaped speciments of WL(n =30)and HT(n =30)were fabricated and loaded in three-point bending and cyclically fatigued.The flexural strength and the number of cycles to fracture were obtained from three-point flexural test and cyclic fatigue test respectively.Data were examined using Weibull statistics.Pairs law was used to analysize the subcritical crack growth(SCG),the behavior of which was described in terms of crack velocity as a function of maximum stress intensity factor (KImax ).Results:The Weibull module(m)of WL and HT was 10.64 and 12.04,the stress corrosion cracking susceptive indexes(n) 23.71 and 32.87,the SCG 90% and 76.7%,the KImax 49.6% and 50.9% of its maximum stress intensity factor(KIC ),respectively. Conclusion:WL and HT produce pronounced SCG.The minimum fatigue crack growth rate of HT is lower than that of WL(νHT <νWL ).

Objective:To investigate the effects of RNA interference(RNAi)-mediated silencing of Peroxiredoxin 1(PRDX1)gene on the invasion and migration of human colorectal cancer SW480 cells.Methods: Lentiviruses negative control vector and PRDX1 RNAi were transfected respectively into colorectal cancer SW480 cells.The transfected cells were divided into PRDX1 silencing group(si-PRDX1)and negative control group(Vector).The expressions of PRDX1 mRNA and protein in SW480 cells were exa mined by quantitative real-time PCR(qRT-PCR)and immunoblotting(Western blot),respectively.The cell migration and invasion capabilities were evaluated with transwell chamber assay and transwell chamber,respectively.The protein expressions of TIMP-2,MMP-2 and MMP-9 were detected by Western blot.Results: Compared with control group,the expressions of PRDX1 mRNA and protein were significantly decreased in PRDX1 silencing group(P<0.01),PRDX1 gene silencing cell line was successfully constructed.The levels of invasion and migration capacities of SW480 cells transfected with si-PRDX1 were lower than those in the cells transfected with control-siRNA(vector)(P<0.01).The expression of TIMP-2 was significantly increased,while the expressions of MMP-2 and MMP-9 were significantly decreased(P<0.05).Conclusion: Silencing of PRDX1 inhibits the invasion,migration and metastasis of human colorectal cancer SW480 cells by regulating the expressions of TIMP-2,MMP-2 and MMP-9.

Objective To investigate the histopathological and ultrastructural changes of corneal epithelium induced by erlotinib in mice.Methods Totally 30 6-8 weeks old male BALB/c mice were divided into three groups:Control group (n =12),experimental group (n =12),another 6 mice did nothing as the blank control.Experimental group used erlotinib eye drops and control group used PBS in both eyes,four times per day.At 1 day,7 days and 14 days after the intervention,corneal fluorescence staining (FL) was observed by slit lamp and graded.On the fourteenth day after the intervention,the eye balls of mice were taken,and the histopathological and ultrastructural changes of corneal epithelium and epithelial cells were observed by optical microscope and electron microscope,respectively.And protein of cornea was measured by Western Blot.Results Before the intervention,there was no significant difference in FL scores between the experimental group and control group (P ＞ 0.05).At 1 day,7 days and 14 days,FL score of experimental group was significantly higher than the groups of non-intervention,the difference was statistically significant (all P ＜ 0.05).While FL score of control group was not statistically significant before and after intervention (all P ＞ 0.05);Compared between two groups,there were statistical differences at 7 days,14 days in FL score (all P ＜ 0.05).In the experimental group,the histopathological changes of murine corneal epithelial cells had disorderly arrangement,increased layers of cells,and the inflammatory cells.Under electron microscope,the morphology of corneal epithelial surface cells was irregular and partially detached.The number of microvilli,desmosomes and hemidesmosomes were significantly decreased when compared to the control group.The expression of p-EGFR in experimental group was significantly less than that in control group,the difference was statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Erlotinib can damage the tissue structure of corneal epithelium and ultrastructure of corneal epithelial cells in mice.And the mechanism is probably that erlotinib influence the corneal epithelium by inhibiting the EGFR activation.

OBJECTIVETo correlate morphological features with mutations of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in lung adenocarcinomas.

METHODSAccording to 2011 International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer/American Thoracic Society/European Respiratory Society International Multidisciplinary Lung Adenocarcinoma Classification, a total of 72 surgically resected lung adenocarcinomas were collected and classified into different histological subtypes and different cell types (hobnail, columnar and polygonal). EGFR gene mutation was detected with the amplification refractory mutation method provided by the EGFR mutation test kit. The correlation between these subtypes and EGFR mutations were evaluated.

RESULTSMutations of EGFR were detected in 48.6% (35/72) of lung adenocarcinomas; 19del and L858R were major mutational types (88.6%, 31/35). EGFR mutations were associated with female gender, non-smoking status, and well to moderately differentiated tumor histology. EGFR mutation types were not associated with age, smoking index, lymph node metastasis, stage, status of whether have or not have inclusion bodies or psammoma bodies and mitotic level. Correlations were observed between acinar and papillary adenocarcinoma subtypes and EGFR mutations according to the new classification. EGFR mutation was rare in the subtype of solid adenocarcinoma with mucin production and almost never observed in special subtypes (mainly mucinous and colloid adenocarcinoma). In addition, EGFR mutation was associated with the hobnail cell type.

CONCLUSIONLung adenocarcinomas of predominate acinar and papillary histological subtypes with hobnail cell morphology are good predictors for EGFR mutations.

Adenocarcinoma ; genetics ; pathology ; Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous ; genetics ; pathology ; Adenocarcinoma, Papillary ; genetics ; pathology ; Female ; Genes, erbB-1 ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms ; genetics ; pathology ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Male ; Mutation ; Receptor, Epidermal Growth Factor ; genetics ; Sex Factors ; Smoking

Objective To summarize the clinical experience of segmental living related liver transplantation for very small infant with biliary atresia. Methods The recipient was a 145-day-old male with congenital biliary atresia. The infant was 66 cm in height and weighed 3.08 kg. The donor was his 36-year-old mother. Her segment Ⅱ of the liver was excised and orthotopically transplanted into the infant's body as the graft. The portal vein of the graft was end-to-end anastomosed to the portal vein of the recipient, the hepatic artery of the graft was end-to-end anastomosed to the proper hepatic artery of the recipient with lateral superficial vein of left great saphenous vein from donor as a bridge, and the hepatic vein was end-to-end anastomosed to the hepatic vein of the recipient whose hepatic vein was conformed from right, middle and left hepatic vein. Biliary tract was reconstructed via Roux-en-Y operation. Results Segment Ⅱ (160 g) of liver from donor was resected, and there was no blood infusion. The donor retained her liver function within 5 days and was discharged on the eighth day. The operating time of graft implantation was 451 min. The blood loss was 250 ml. Non-liver stage was 71 min. The cold ischemic time was 132 min. Cyclosporine, mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) and prednisone were used for postoperative immunosuppression. The bilirubin level of the infant was decreased to the normal level one week after operation, and the liver function became normal in 9 days. Jejuno-leakage on the 7th day after the transplantation was recovered by mend and drainage and discharged on the 35th day. The donor and recipient were in satisfactory condition to present. Conclusion The segmental living related liver transplantation is advisable for very small infant with biliary atresia. Perfect operative technique and postoperative intensive care are the keys to ensure the success of the procedure.

Objective To investigate the cause of jejunum perforation after infantile livingrelated liver transplantation (ILRLT) and summarize the experience of treatment. Methods The clinical data of 28 infants with biliary atresia who underwent ILRLT were analyzed and 4 of 28 infantile recipients (14. 3%) developed jejunum perforation after ILDLT. Results Four patients had 7 episodes of jejunum perforation after transplantation among 28 infantile recipients who underwent ILRLT because of biliary atresia. The median time between transplantation and perforation was 11 days.Perforation occurred at the point of silk in jejunum stoma (n = 3) and the Roux-en-Y limb (n = 1 ).None had a history of prior operation including Kasai in 4 patients. Clinical manifestation included fever, increased heart rate, abdominal distention, leukocytosis, and no free air on abdominal roentgenograrns. A simple repair was performed in three infants with silk: two developed recurrent perforation (67%) and underwent a re-exploration,and another had a third perforation and underwent a third repair because of re-perforation. Another child underwent a simple repair with prolene, and there was no recurrence. None died from the perforation in our study. Conclusion The occurrence and location of jejunum perforation after ILDLT suggests that the cause of the perforation is related to the jejunal anastomosis with silk, and the jejunum perforation may be avoided in the jejunal anastomosis with prolene. Early diagnosis and exploration may ensure better survival.