Nurses are the highest numbered healthcare professionals who work in a knowledgedriven environment, where accurate and updated information is needed when delivering care to clients. Information literacy has therefore become one of the criteria in determining nurses’ readiness for evidencebased practice in recent years. In the actual day-to-day care practice, are nurses ready for this? Objective: To determine the information literacy competency in readiness for evidence-based practice among clinical practicing registered nurses in a private hospital in Penang, Malaysia
Evidence-Based Practice ; Nurses ; Education, Nursing

Adolescent ; Adult ; Alprostadil ; pharmacology ; Anticoagulants ; pharmacology ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Dextrans ; pharmacology ; Female ; Fibrinolytic Agents ; pharmacology ; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation ; adverse effects ; Heparin ; pharmacology ; Hepatic Veno-Occlusive Disease ; etiology ; prevention & control ; therapy ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors ; pharmacology ; Treatment Outcome

Objective To study the effects of Hydergine on expression of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors in hippocampus and actions of mice with ischemia-reperfusion injury.Methods 36 mice were randomly divided into model group,Hydergine group and sham-operated group. The models of ischemia-reperfusion injury were made by knotting bilateral common carotid arteries. The behavioral abnormalities were investigated by step-down test and water maze test, and the expressions of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors in neurons of hippocampus were observed by immunohistochemistry technique. Results Compared with model group, the performance records of learning and memory in Hydergine group were better (all P

Exertional headache is one entity of Valsalva maneuver-related headache syndrome. It is usually idiopathic, but has occasionally been reported to be associated with secondary causes. However, central nervous system infection has not been mentioned before. We encountered a young man who suffered an isolated exertional headache and was found to have an active varicella-zoster virus central nervous system infection without typical intracranial hypertension or outfl ow obstruction. Intracranial vasoconstriction was detected during headache when the patient performed acute lifting or heavy exertion. The fi ndings in this patient suggest a specifi c relationship between varicella-zoster virus-related vasculopathy and exertional headache from other Valsalva maneuver-related headache syndrome

The normal range of oral mucosal cell apoptosis and proliferation rate through a larger sample of non-malnourished crowd was investigated, and the nutritional status of clinical patients was assessed. Of 194 clinical patients selected according to "NRS2002" guidance, there were 167 non-malnourished patients and 27 malnourished cases, respectively. Twelve patients with toxic reactions of grade III after postoperative chemotherapy (POC) were chosen. The oral mucosal epithelial apoptosis and proliferation rate were measured by using flow cytometry. The statistical significance was processed by using unpaired t-test. The results showed that there was no significant difference in gender, age and body weight between malnourished and non-malnourished groups. The normal range of oral mucosal epithelial apoptosis and the proliferation rate was (27.50±1.50)% and (15.12±1.68)% in non-malnourished patients, and that was (19.90±4.14)% and (6.66±5.83)% in the malnourished patients, respectively. It is concluded that the normal range of oral mucosa cell apoptosis and proliferation rate is achieved, which can not be influenced by gender, age, weight and other factors, and could be used as a sensitive and accurate index to assess the nutritional status of clinical patients.

Objective To explore the value of deoxyribonucleic acid(DNA) content on clinical pathological characteristics of nephroblastoma in children.Methods Twenty-four cases of pediatric nephroblastoma from Jan.1993 to Dec.2007 were proved by pathology.The distribution of the 24 cases according to National Wilms Tumor Study group(NWTSG) criteria of USA was stage Ⅰ(12 cases),stage Ⅱ(7 cases),stage Ⅲ(5 cases).The pathology was highly differentiated in 10 cases,medium differentiated in 8 cases and low differentiated in 6 cases according to the level of differentiation.There were 9 cases of lymphatic metastasis and 15 cases of non-lymphatic metastasis in accordance with lymphatic metastasis.The DNA contents of 24 cases were determined by flow cytometry.Chi-square test was used to analyze the relationship among DNA ploidy and clinical stage,level of differentiation,lymphatic metastasis of children with nephroblastoma.Results Aneuploidy mainly occurred in clinical stage Ⅱ or stage Ⅲ(57.14%,100.0%),there was significant difference compared with that of stageⅠ(25.0%)(P

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), also named as a cancer of cardiovascular disease, is a rare disease and has complicated pathogenesis. Recently, there are more understandings of PAH pathogeneses. According to the pathogenesis and active pathways, the clinically used drugs are classified into several groups incluidng prostacyclin analogues and prostacyclin receptor agonists, endothelin receptor antagonists, phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors, soluble guanylate cyclase inhibitors, etc. To elevate the efficacy of the drugs, numerous drug delivery systems are developed. This review mainly summarized the pathological mechanism of PAH, drugs and drug delivery approaches in the treatment of PAH.

· ATM:To analyze bacterial spectrum and drug sensitivity in conjunctival sac of cataract patients of Kazak.
· METHODS:A total of 538 cases of conjunctival sac secretion in cataract patients of Kazak were collected.The samples were cultured and their sensibilities to antibiotics were tested.
· RESULTS: The bacterial culture was positive in 214 cases.The positive rate was 39.8%. The variety of pathogenic bacteria were mainly made up of gram positive cocci ( 88.3%), and most of them were Staphylococcus epidermidis ( 66.4%), followed by Micrococcus(9.8%).Sex had no effect on conjunctival bacteria rate in the cataract patients of Kazak, while age, place of residence had an effect on camier rate. The camier rate of conjunctival bacteria was significantly higher in people over 60 years old than that in people with age between 40 to 59 years old.And the people from city had a significant lower bacteria positive rate than those from countryside and pastoral. Most of grams were sensitive to Vancomycin, Teicoplanin, Rifampicin, Duly cloth mildew mutual and Amikacin, the tolerance was less than 20%, and they usually had higher tolerance to Penicillin, Erythromycin, Tetracycline and Chloramphenicol (>70%) .
·CONCLUSlON:Gram positivecocci is the most common bacteria in conjunctival sac in cataract patients of Kazak. Staphylococcus epidermidis was most common, followed by Micrococcus.The germ-carrying rate of conjunctival SAC in Kazakh population is associated with the patient’s age and area of residence.The clinical use of antibacterial drugs should be strictly grasp the indications, to reduce the incidence of bacterial resistance.

Objective To evaluate the risk of plague occurrence via surveying and analyzing indoor rat density and flea index in natural villages having previous plague experience. Methods During August to September 2007, 30 natural villages experiencing previous plague were selected based on the surveillance data, and then all households were coded with numbers and 20 households in each village were randomly selected via computer. Cages and sticky papers were set in 600 selected households to capture rats and fleas. Rat density, flea prevalence, flea index and median were estimated. Results One hundred thirty-three Rattus flavipectus and 33 Suncus murinus were caught and averaged rat density was 2.8 rats per one hundred cage. nights (166/6000), the median was 5 rats each village. One hundred and one mice infected fleas, flea prevalence on rats was 60.8% (101/166), 296 Xenopsylla cheopis and 48 Leptopsylla segnis were collected. Rat flea index was 2.1 fleas per rat (344/166). A total of 315 dissociated flea was caught, average dissociated flea index was 0.026 fleas per sticky paper (315/11888). The median was 5.5 dissociated fleas per village. Of dissociated fleas, Ctenocephalides felis felis (205) and Xenopsylla cheopis (103) accounted for 97.8% (308/315). The proportion for species of the rat flea and the dissociated flea was different(Fisher test: P < 0.01). The rat flea was significantly associated with the rat density(r = 0.68, P < 0.01), but the dissociated flea was significantly associated with neither the rat density(r = -yield than fried wheat batter(χ2 = 5.59, P < 0.05). Conclusions In these villages having previous plague experience of Lianghe County, Rattusflavipectus was dominant species of indoor rats, Xenopsylla cheopis and Ctenocephalides felis felis were dominant species of rat flea and dissociated flea, respectively. Mengsong, Bangdu, and Tangjiatun village had potential risk of plague emergence.

Little is known about the non-structural protein 6(NSP6)of rotavirus.This report describes expression of the NSP6 of a group A human rotavirus strain TB-Chen in bacteria,and its immunological properties and cellular distribution.The results showed that the recombinant NSP6(rNSP6)was expressed in high efficiency without any other proteins fused(possesses about 34.2% of total bacterial proteins).rNSP6 elicited mono-specific antibodies in immunized guinea pigs and the antibodies could react with the rNSP6 itself and the viral NSP6 proteins synthesized in SA11-or Wa-infected MA104 cells in Western blot and immunofluorescence assay.The NSP6 distributed evenly in the cytoplasm mainly around the nucleus of virus-infected cells,no viroplasm-like gathering observed;The top amount of NSP6 synthesized in SA11-infected cells or Wa-infected cells could be detected at 12h after infection.This is the first report about the high expression of entire NSP6(without any other proteins fused)in prokaryotic expression system and detection of NSP6 synthesis in virus infected cells by immunofluorescence assay.The results are important to understand the structure,biological properties and further application of the NSP6.