Guanylate-binding protein 1 (GBP1) is an interferon induced protein, that belongs to the guany late-binding protein family. GBP1 is widely involved in anti-infection immune responses, anti-tumor activity and various biological reactions. Recent studies have proved that IFN-alpha, IFN-beta, IFN-gamma, IL1alpha, IL1beta, TNF-alpha and LPS can induce GBP1 expression; hence, the diverse biological functions of GBP1 have been gradually deduced and exploited. Many studies have been performed over recent years to understand the exact mechanisms that underlie the anti-infection and anti-tumor properties of GBP1. This review describes the molecular structure, biological activity, anti-infective properties and other functions of GBP1, in order to provide insights into the divergent roles of GBP1 in the regulation of various biological processes.
Animals ; Antineoplastic Agents ; metabolism ; Antiviral Agents ; metabolism ; GTP-Binding Proteins ; chemistry ; genetics ; metabolism ; Humans ; Interferons ; genetics ; metabolism

Objective To assess the quantitative relationship between the distribution of Himalayan marmot and its ecological environment,the terrain,the temperature and the precipitation,using remote sensing and geographic information system in Qinghai province.Methods The distribution of Himalayan marmot was located by Google Earth and ArcGIS software and by using field survey data provided by Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention.The corresponding ecological environment of marmot including terrain,temperature and precipitation were derived from the spatial information datasets.All results were processed according to the overlay and statistics analysis using ArcGIS software.Results Seventy-seven point twenty-seven percent(153/198) of Himalayan marmot were distributed in the area of elevation between 3000 and 4000 meters.The number of marmot reached the highest when the slope was between 0 and 17 degrees,and aspect range was between 91 and 270 degrees,180 degree was as south direction.During the period with the maximum temperature of the warmest month of 14.3-17.5 ℃,17.6-20.8 ℃ and 20.9-24.0 ℃,the distribution of marmot reached 95％(186/198) of the total area.Meanwhile,most of the marmot were presented in the area with average precipitation of 46-108 mm.Conclusions A quantitative analysis of appropriate ecological environment of Himalayan marmot in a large scope is carried uul successfully using remote sensing and geographic information system.The study indicates that spatial information technology has important applications in plague prevention and control.

OBJECTIVETo analyze the spatial distribution of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) and to explore environmental factors associated with HPAI using geographic information system (GIS) techniques in Mainland China.

METHODSDatabases were set up using the information of HPAI during epidemics in 2004, and linked to digital maps at provincial and county administrative layers in the country through the ArcGIS 8.3 software. Spatial cluster analyses, spatial statistics analyses and tracking analyses on epidemic situation of HPAI were implemented. Environmental factors associated with HPAI were also analyzed on data related to weather, vegetation and migratory birds etc.

RESULTSFindings from spatial cluster analyses showed that high incidence area was centralized in 113.261 degrees ordm; east longitude and 23. 119 degrees ordm; north latitude with a radius of 1090.52 kilometers (relative risk= 2.646, P value= 0.001). Spatial statistical analyses showed that HPAI took place mainly in capital cities of provinces and surrounding areas as well as in the circumference areas of arterial rivers, lakes and seacoasts. Results also showed that HPAI occurrences were associated with low air temperature, high relative humidity and high air pressure as well as with east & central migration routes of migratory birds. The average normalized difference vegetation index was 0.36 +/- 0.11 in epidemic areas of HPAI.

CONCLUSIONHPAI was unrandomly distributed and geographically clustered in China.

Animal Migration ; Animals ; Atmospheric Pressure ; Birds ; virology ; China ; epidemiology ; Cluster Analysis ; Environment ; Geographic Information Systems ; Humidity ; Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype ; pathogenicity ; Influenza in Birds ; epidemiology ; Temperature

The aim of this study was to evaluate the therapeutic potential of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) on acute liver injury induced by concanavalin A (ConA). MSCs were isolated from male C57BL/6 mice and cultured, and a ConA-induced acute liver injury model was used. MSCs were systemically infused immediately after mice were challenged with ConA, control mice received only saline infusion. 24 hours after MSC transplantation, the level of serum aminotransferases, histologic change and in situ apoptosis of cells were detected, the expression of inflammatory mediators were examined by real-time RT-PCR. The results indicated that MSC transplantation significantly reduced ConA-induced acute liver injury, including the decrease of the level of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and the extenuation of liver necrosis and in situ apoptosis. Furthermore, after MSC infusion the expression of TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma in liver decreased greatly (p<0.05) with no statistical difference in the expression of iNOS, IL-2 and IL-10 (p>0.05). It is concluded that the systemic infusion of MSCs can alleviate ConA induced acute liver injury in mice.
Animals ; Bone Marrow Cells ; cytology ; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury ; therapy ; Concanavalin A ; adverse effects ; Interferon-gamma ; metabolism ; Interleukin-10 ; metabolism ; Interleukin-2 ; metabolism ; Liver ; pathology ; Male ; Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II ; metabolism ; Treatment Outcome ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; metabolism

0.05).Conclusions Unexplained chest distress and(or)chest pain of children may has close relationship with the autonomic disturbance.As for children with unexplained chest distress and(or)chest pain without organic cardiovascular disease,HUTT in a timely manner will contribute to diagnosis of the cause.J Appl Clin Pediatr,2009,24(1):24-25

ABSTRACT:OBJECTIVE To explore the cardiac protective effects of Shensong Yangxin Capsule on patients with chest tumor radiotherapy.METHODS 120 patients with thoracic tumors(including lung cancer,breast cancer,mediastinal tumor and e-sophageal cancer) requiring radiotherapy were randomly divided into radiotherapy combined with Shensong Yangxin Capsule group (group A),radiotherapy with Rhodiola rosea group(group B),radiotherapy plus Shensong Yangxin Capsule and Rhodi-ola rosea group(group C) and radiotherapy alone group (group D),with 30 patients in each group.Levels of serum transfor-ming growth factor(TGF-β1),tumor necrosis factor(TNF-α),endothelin(ET) contents,occurrence rate of radioactive heart damage of each group were compared within three months after radiotherapy and changes of myocardial integrated back scatter (IBS) in the third month were observed.RESULTS After radiotherapy the contents of TGF-β1 ,TNF-α and ET contents of group A B and C were lower than those of the group D(P <0.01).The incidence rates of acute cardiac injury of the first three groups were also lower than those of the group D within one to three months after radiotherapy(P <0.05).IBS levels of ante-rior wall and anterior inter-ventricular septum in the third month after radiotherapy were increased significantly in the group D while no changes were detected in the other three groups.CONCULSION Shensong Yangxin Capsule combined with Rhodiola rosea is able to reduce the production of inflammatory cytokines in tissues and inhibit the increase of IBS during radiotherapy so as to protect heart from radiation injury.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the efficacy, safety and prognostic impact of rituximab plus CHOP (R-CHOP) regimen on patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), to access the impact of R-CHOP on patients' prognosis and to compare that with CHOP regimen.

METHODSFive hundred and seven newly diagnosed DLBCL patients were enrolled from Jan. 1, 2000 to May 1, 2010. Patients were administered with 6 cycles of CHOP or at least 4 cycles of R-CHOP treatments. Rituximab was administered intravenously on day 1 at a dose of 375 mg/m(2). The typical CHOP regimen include cyclophosphamide (750 mg/m(2), IV), doxorubicin (50 mg/m(2), IV) and vincristine (1.4 mg/m(2), IV, maximum 2 mg) and prednisone (60 - 100 mg, oral, day 3 - 7). The complete response (CR) rates, overall response (OR) rates, and side events of these 2 groups were compared.

RESULTSOf the 411 analyzable patients, 224 received CHOP regimen and 187 received R-CHOP regimen. CR rate for R-CHOP group and CHOP group was 77.01% and 71.43%, respectively. OR rate in R-CHOP group was higher than that in the CHOP group (95.19% vs 87.95%, P = 0.007). The median follow-up time of R-CHOP group was 28.1 months vs that of 35.2 months in CHOP group. There was significant difference in progression free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) between 2 groups (P = 0.018 and 0.034, respectively). At the end of follow-up, the estimated median PFS in R-CHOP group had not been reached, while that was 84.8 months in CHOP group. The median OS in both groups had not yet been reached. The adverse events in R-CHOP group were similar with that in CHOP group.

CONCLUSIONSR-CHOP is a safe and effective regimen for management of newly diagnosed DLBCL, with a better remission rate, PFS and OS.

Aged ; Antibodies, Monoclonal ; administration & dosage ; adverse effects ; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Cyclophosphamide ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Doxorubicin ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse ; drug therapy ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prednisone ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies ; Survival Rate ; Treatment Outcome ; Vincristine ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use

OBJECTIVETo explore the role of cytokines and keratinocytes in the survival mechanism of mixed auto and allogeneic skin grafting.

METHODSThirty-six SD rats were employed in the study. The rat model with mixed auto and allogeneic skin grafting and mixed human epithelial and lymphocytic culture (MELC) model were established. The change of IL-10 in the serum and the supernatant of the cultured tissue sample from the local wound was observed after the mixed skin grafting in scalded rats. And the role of epithelium in the induction of immunosuppression in vitro was monitored.

RESULTSThe serum IL-10 content in the rats with mixed skin grafting (25.89 +/- 2.82 ng/L) at 7 postoperative day (POD) was evidently higher than that in normal rats (14.20 +/- 2.43 ng/L) (P < 0.05). The IL-10 content in the culture supernatant of rat tissue samples exhibited evident different during 4-14 PODs (P < 0.05-0.01), while which was no difference to that in normal rat on 21st and 28th POD. The inhibiting effects of autologous epithelia and keratinocytes in MELC system were correlated with their dosage. After the adding of autologous keratinocytes to MELC system the cytokines secreted from Th1 could induce the secretion of cytokines from Th2 by IL-10 mediation. This effect could be corrected by the addition of monoclonal antibody of IL-10.

CONCLUSIONThe keratinocytes inlayed in the autoskin during mixed grafting could increase the local IL-10 level by activating Th2 cells, which might be one of the important reasons of the survival of mixed skin grafting.

Animals ; Burns ; immunology ; surgery ; Cytokines ; metabolism ; Giant Cells, Langhans ; cytology ; Graft Survival ; immunology ; Humans ; Interleukin-10 ; metabolism ; Keratinocytes ; cytology ; Lymphocyte Culture Test, Mixed ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Skin Transplantation ; immunology ; Th2 Cells ; metabolism ; Transplantation, Autologous ; Transplantation, Homologous

Recent randomized controlled clinical trials in Africa have demonstrated that adult male circumcision (MC) efficiently decreases the rate of HIV, HPV and HSV-2 infections. Many studies have clearly shown that MC is a simple, safe, and cost-effective method for the prevention of sexually transmitted diseases and urinary tract infection, and for improving genital hygiene. While a 30% MC prevalence exists worldwide, only 5% or less of the Chinese males have undergone circumcision. In this review, we report recent trends in international MC and HIV prevention efforts, as well as the potential benefits and importance of promoting MC in China. We appeal to medical and public health authorities to pay close attention to the international experience in MC and HIV prevention.
Circumcision, Male ; HIV Infections ; prevention & control ; Humans ; Male ; Reproductive Medicine ; Sexually Transmitted Diseases ; prevention & control

OBJECTIVETo assess the relationship between overweight, obesity and blood lipid profiles of children and adolescents and to validate body mass index (BMI) cutoff points for overweight and obesity screening to Chinese children and adolescents, recommended by Working Group of Obesity, China (WGOC), International Life Science Association.

METHODS2293 children and adolescents (1124 males and 1169 females), aged between 10 and 18 years, were randomly selected as samples from 6 schools in Beijing area. Fasting serum lipids including total cholesterol (TC), total triglycerides (TG), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC), thropometrical index as weight and height were measured. BMI equals to weight in kilograms were then divided by the square of height in meters.

RESULTSAccording to BMI cutoff points recommended by WGOC, samples fell into 3 groups including normal group (BMI < 85 percentiles), overweight group (BMI >or= 85 and < 95 percentiles) and obesity group (BMI >or= 95 percentiles). Results clearly showed an increase of both serum TC and TG and a decrease of HDLC when BMI was increasing, among most age groups regardless of sex difference and the difference among BMI groups was statistically significant (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONSResults of this study indicated that there was an obvious dose-effect relationship between BMI and lipid profiles which accounted for some rationality of the BMI cutoff points recommended by WGOC. The authors reckoned the findings important to managing relevant adult diseases during childhood, in China.

Adolescent ; Biomarkers ; blood ; Body Mass Index ; Child ; China ; Cholesterol ; blood ; Cholesterol, HDL ; blood ; Female ; Guidelines as Topic ; standards ; Humans ; Lipids ; blood ; Male ; Obesity ; diagnosis ; Reproducibility of Results ; Triglycerides ; blood