ObjectiveTo retrospectively analyze the distribution of artery involvement above the aortic arch and differences incidence of cerebral ischemic in patients with Takayasu’s arteritis (TA) by color Doppler flow imaging (CDFI).MethodsA total of 84 cases (aged from 11 to 70 years old, median age 39 years old) continuous observed from August 2005 to June 2013 were included in this study. All patients were detected by CDFI and confirmed by digital subtraction angiography (DSA) and clinical examination. The distribution of the involved arteries were analyzed.ResultsA total of 924 vessels (84 patients) was detected, 352 (38.1%) arteries involved inflammatory lesions. The prevalence rate of female was higher than male (92.9% and 7.1%) significantly. The symptoms of cerebral ischemic included dizziness, syncope, TIA, amaurosis etc. The involvement rate of common carotid artery (CCA) was the highest (94.0%), followed by the subclavian arterythe (SA) (82.1%). The detecting rate of bilateral CCA was higher than that of bilateral SA, 75% and 50% (χ2=15.732,P=0.003), respectively. The rate of combined lesions of CCA and SA were higher in left (64.3%) than the right 56% (χ2=12.777,P=0.001). Most patients had multiple vascular (≥ 3
vessels) diseases (69.1%). No significant difference was found in the incidence of cerebral ischemia symptoms in patients with bilateral CCA or SA lesions (74.6% with78.6%) (χ2=0.219,P=0.411). No significant difference was found inthe patients with left or right CCA combined with SA lesions (76.5% with 76.4% ,χ2=1.230, P=0.602) also. The incidence of cerebral ischemia for greater than 3 vessel disease was significantly higher than less vessels (69.1% with 30.9%) (χ2=6.674,P=0.010).ConclusionThe study in the distribution of aortic arch vascular lesion for the patients with Takayasu arteritis by CDFI is valuable for the early detection and treatment of vascular lesions, and decresing the incidence of ischemic cerebrovascular disease.

OBJECTIVETo explore the effect of Xiaolong Tongbi (XLTB), a Chinese herbal preparation, on nitric oxide synthase (NOS) containing nerve and epithelial cell apoptosis.

METHODSNOS containing nerve level of various groups prostate was determined by NADPH histochemical staining and morphological quantitative analysis, and the cell apoptosis rate in rats prostatic epithelium was tested immunohistochemically with TUNEL method.

RESULTSAfter 3 weeks treatment with high dose XLTB, the length density of NOS contained nerves in prostate tissue of rats was 0.113 +/- 0.023, which was significantly different to that in the other 3 groups (low dose XLTB, Finasteride and testosterone) respectively (P < 0.01). Cell apoptosis reached its peak at the day 7 of experiment in XLTB treated groups (9.27%), and Finasteride treated group (5.65%), which lowered slightly at day 14 and got some recovery at day 21. Castration induced cell apoptosis began at day 7 and reached its peak at day 14, which was significantly different from that in the other groups.

CONCLUSIONXLTB could increase the NOS contained nerve level and accelerate the apoptosis of epithelial cell in prostate tissue of simulating benign prostatic hyperplasia rats.

Animals ; Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Epithelial Cells ; cytology ; Male ; Muscle, Smooth ; enzymology ; Nitric Oxide Synthase ; metabolism ; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III ; Prostate ; enzymology ; pathology ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar

OBJECTIVETo compare clinical outcomes between two suturing methods using non absorbable materials through drilling the bone and suturing anchors for the treatment of complete rupture of the deltoid ligament.

METHODSFrom January 2009 to January 2013, 58 hospitalized patients with ankle fracture combined with complete rupture of the deltoid ligament were treated with suturing using non absorbable materials through drilling the bone or suturing anchors. There were 29 patients who received suturing treatments using non absorbable materials through drilling the bone (Group A), including 18 males and 11 females, with an average age of (39.76 +/- 11.81) years old. According to the Lauge-Hansen classification, 12 patients had supination external rotation (SER) injuries with IV degree, 5 patients had pronation external rotation (PER) injuries with III degree, 10 patients had PER injuries with IV degrss, and 2 patients had pronation abduction injuries with III degree. There were 29 patients who received treatments with suturing using anchors (Group B), including 14 males and 15 females, with an average age of (41.79 +/- 13.28) years old. According to the Lauge-Hansen classification,9 patients had SER injuries with IV degree, 6 patients had PER injuries with III degree,13 patients had PER injuries with IV degree, and 1 patient had pronation abduction injuries with III degree. All the patients were treated with open reduction and internal fixation, as well as reconstruction of deltoid ligaments to restore the stability of the medial ankle structures. The clinical examination, imaging evaluation, American society for ankle surgery (AOFAS) ankle-hindfoot score and visual analogue scale (VAS) were used to evaluate the clinical results after operation, and the results of the two groups were compared and analyzed statistically.

RESULTSThe follow-up duration of the 58 patients ranged from 23 to 40 months,with an average of 27.3 months. All the patients had fracture union, and the mean healing time was 12.3 weeks (ranged, 10 to 17 weeks). There were no incision complications and ankle instability. There were no significant differences between two groups in AOFAS (P=0.666) and the VAS (P=0.905).

CONCLUSIONTreatments of complete rupture of the deltiod ligaments with the two suturing methods get similar good clinical effects, but the suturing using non absorbable materials through drilling the bone has several advantages such as reducing the financial burden of patients, saving social medical resources and avoiding the shortcoming in difficult removal of anchor suture.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Ankle Fractures ; surgery ; Ankle Injuries ; surgery ; Ankle Joint ; surgery ; Case-Control Studies ; Female ; Fracture Fixation, Internal ; Humans ; Lateral Ligament, Ankle ; injuries ; surgery ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Young Adult

Chinese medicinal formulae (CMF) were usually used in the clinics of traditional Chinese medicines (TCM), which were critical for modernization of Chinese medicine to shed light on the interaction between CMF and biological organisms. However, correlation between system and part, macroscopic actions and microcosmic mechanism, ADME process and pharmacologic actions were usually neglected. The put-forward of integrative pharmacology provided a feasible approach to solve the problem of the fragmentation of TCM. For the past years, we applied the strategy of integrative pharmacology to study Yuanhu Zhitong prescription( YZP) systematically, and established two modes, chemical fingerprints-metabolism fingerprints-network targets and intestinal absorption-activity evaluation-data mining, to establish the interaction rule between the chemical composition and biological activity from multiple levels, such as the calculation and in vitro/vivo, which provided proof for the quality control, pharmacodynamic material basis and pharmacological action of YZP. In this paper, we summarized the related progresses of the research of YZP.
Drug Combinations ; Drug Prescriptions ; Drug Therapy ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Molecular Structure

Objective To investigate the histological changes of the right ventricular remodeling in Xinjiang Mar-mota baibacina which are adapted to high-altitude hypoxia .Methods Hematoxylin and eosin and Masson staining was used to examine the pathological changes and degree of fibrosis , and immunohistochemical technique was used to detect connexin 43 ( CX43) expression in the right ventricular myocardium .Results In the right ventricular myocardium , cardio-myocyte hypertrophy and increased amount of collagen fibers were observed .The right ventricular hypertrophy index and weight index of Marmota baibacina were significantly higher , and expression of CX43 was significantly reduced than that of normal rats ( P<0.05 for both ) .Conclusions High-altitude hypoxia induces right ventricular remodeling in Xinjiang Marmota baibacina.It can be used as an ideal animal model for studies on the mechanisms of hypoxia adaptation on high -altitude plateau .

The present study was designed to observe the protection of Grateloupia filicina polysaccharide (GFP) against hepatotoxicity induced by Dioscorea bulbifera L in mice and its underlying mechanism. GFP was intragastrically (ig) given to mice at various doses. After 6 days, the mice were treated with ethyl acetate extract of Dioscorea bulbifera L (EF, ig). Serum levels of alanine/aspartate aminotransferase (ALT/AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total bilirubin (TB) were measured, and liver histological evaluation was conducted. Furthermore, reductions of liver glutathione (GSH) amount and glutamate cysteine ligase (GCL) activity were tested. The expressions of GCL-c, GCL-m, and HO-1 (heme oxygenase-1) in liver were observed by Western-blot. The results showed that GFP (600 mg x kg(-1)) decreased EF-induced the increase of serum ALT, AST and TB, and GFP (400, 600 mg x kg(-1)) inhibited EF-induced the increase of serum ALP. Liver histological evaluation showed that the liver injury induced by EF was relieved after treated with GFP. GFP further increased liver GSH amount and reversed EF-induced the decrease of GCL activity. The Western-blot result showed that GFP augmented EF-induced the increase of HO-1, and reversed EF-induced the decrease of GCL-c. In conclusion, GFP can act against the oxidative stress liver injury induced by Dioscorea bulbifera L in mice.
Alanine Transaminase ; blood ; Alkaline Phosphatase ; blood ; Animals ; Aspartate Aminotransferases ; blood ; Bilirubin ; blood ; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury ; blood ; metabolism ; Dioscorea ; toxicity ; Glutamate-Cysteine Ligase ; metabolism ; Glutathione ; metabolism ; Heme Oxygenase-1 ; metabolism ; Heterocyclic Compounds, 4 or More Rings ; antagonists & inhibitors ; isolation & purification ; toxicity ; Liver ; metabolism ; pathology ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred ICR ; Oxidative Stress ; drug effects ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Polysaccharides ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Random Allocation ; Rhodophyta ; chemistry

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Body Fat Distribution ; Body Mass Index ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; complications ; Fatty Liver ; etiology ; pathology ; prevention & control ; Female ; Humans ; Intra-Abdominal Fat ; metabolism ; pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Obesity ; complications ; Risk Factors ; Severity of Illness Index ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo introduce the procedure of the 1st ray stabilization combined with resection of the lesser metatarsal heads for patient with severe forefoot deformity caused by rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and evaluate the short to mid-term clinical results.

METHODSFrom Oct. 2006 to Aug. 2010,97 patients (129 feet) aged from 36 to 67 years (average 54), with forefoot deformity caused by rheumatoid arthritis were reviwed. There were 88 males and 9 females,65 single lateral involved and 32 bilateral involved, the average duration of disease was 17 years (6 to 32 years). The 1st ray instability and lesser metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joint stiff dislocation were found in all cases. The first ray stabilization combined with resection of the lesser metatarsal head procedure were performed for all cases. The radiographic Hallux valgus angle (HVA) and intermetatarsal angle (IMA) were measurde and the JSSF (Japanese Society for Surgery of the Foot) score were evaluated before operation and every follow up.

RESULTSThe average followed-up was 37 months (6 to 52 months) for all patients except 5 (7 feet) and 1 died for acute cardiac infarction 1 year after operation. The average JSSF score improved from (33.2 +/- 8.2) points preoperative to (67.3 +/- 3.1) points at final followed-up (P < 0.01); the average HVA was corrected from (50.0 +/- 11.8) degrees preoperative to (21.2 +/- 3.2) degrees at final follow up (P < 0.01); the average IMA was corrected from (15.5 +/- 3.6) degrees preoperative to (9.7 +/- 6.6) degrees at final follow up (P < 0.01). MTP joint nonunion was found in 4 feet. A radiographic high density mass was found in the 1st cuneiform bone during 8 to 11 months followed-up in 3 feet; delayed wound healing was happened in 9 feet; MTP joint infection was happened in 2 feet; tarsometatarsal joint infection was happened in 1 foot; lesser MTP joints deformity recurrence were found in 16 feet.

CONCLUSIONThe characters of forefoot with RA in later stage are the 1st ray deformity and instability compound with the lesser toes deformity. The 1st ray stability procedure which include the 1st MTP arthrodesis and the Lapidus procedure can correct the 1st ray deformities and rebuilt its stability. The lesser toes metatarsal head resection is effective in correct their deformity. This combined procedure is reliable. It is suitable for patients with severe Hallux valgus, increased IMA, tarsometatarsal joint instability and the lesser MTP joint stiff dislocation.

Adult ; Aged ; Arthritis, Rheumatoid ; complications ; surgery ; Female ; Foot Deformities, Acquired ; surgery ; Forefoot, Human ; abnormalities ; surgery ; Hallux Valgus ; surgery ; Humans ; Joint Instability ; surgery ; Male ; Metatarsal Bones ; surgery ; Metatarsophalangeal Joint ; surgery ; Middle Aged

OBJECTIVETo study the predictors of depression in patients with chronic prostatitis (CP).

METHODSWe enlisted 49 CP patients in this study, and evaluated their clinical symptoms with NIH-CPSI and IIEF-5, their depression symptoms with the Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS) and Symptom Checklist 90 (SCL-90), their trait-oriented coping styles with the Trait-Oriented Coping Styles Questionnaire (TCSQ), and their illness perceptions with the Illness Perception Questionnaire (IPQ-R). We conducted Pearson correlation analysis on the correlation of depression with the clinical symptoms of the patients and used multivariate Logistic regression models to analyze the predictors of their depression.

RESULTSPain or discomfort, urination symptoms, impact of symptoms and total score in NIH showed a significant positive correlation with depression symptoms, but a negative correlation with erectile function (r = 0.32, 0.31, 0.35, 0.38, and -0.36, P<0.05). Besides, 43.4% of the depression symptoms in the CP patients could be explained by negative trait-oriented coping and disease impact factors (R2 = 0.434, adjusted R2 = 0.456, F = 14.853, P<0.001).

CONCLUSIONDepression symptoms are closely associated with clinical symptoms, and negative trait-oriented coping and disease impact factors are the main predictors of depression in CP patients.

Adaptation, Psychological ; Adult ; Chronic Disease ; Depression ; etiology ; Humans ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Multivariate Analysis ; Prostatitis ; psychology ; Self-Assessment ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo investigate the changes in plasma levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1) and in peripheral CD34(+) cells in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI), and explore their role in AMI.

METHODSEnzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA) was employed for measuring the levels of VEGF and SDF-1 in AMI patients on days 1, 3, 7, 10, and 14 of onset and in normal control subjects. The absolute counts of CD34(+) in the peripheral blood were measured on days 1, 7, and 14 by flow cytometry in AMI patients, with their myocardial enzyme and troponin I detected and electrocardiography (ECG) and echocardiography (UCG) recorded.

RESULTSPeripheral CD34(+) cells obviously increased on day 7 after AMI onset (2.35-/+0.72/microl vs 1.48-/+0.49/micro, P<0.05). VEGF levels were significantly higher in AMI patients than in the control subjects, reaching the peak level and on day 14 (197.56-/+39.87 vs 53.79-/+18.12 pg/ml, P<0.01). SDF-1 level obviously decreased on day 1 after AMI onset (1683.12-/+224.79 vs 2178.67-/+265.34 pg/ml, P<0.01), followed by gradually increased to the control level. Obvious correlation was noted between the level of VEGF on day 7 and the peak level of peripheral CD34(+) cells, and the peak plasma VEGF level was obviously associated with the peak serum CK-MB and troponin I levels.

CONCLUSIONThe stem cells are mobilized into the peripheral blood in the event of AMI. Obviously increased VEGF level following AMI may persist for at least 2 weeks, whereas SDF-1 level undergoes temporary decrement after AMI. The dynamic changes of VEGF and SDF-1 can be related to the mobilization and homing of the stem cells to the injured myocardium.

Adult ; Antigens, CD34 ; blood ; Chemokine CXCL12 ; blood ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Female ; Flow Cytometry ; Humans ; Male ; Myocardial Infarction ; blood ; Time Factors ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A ; blood