In recent years, the incidence and mortality rate of invasive fungal infection have increased dramatically, and it is of great significance to develop novel antifungal agents with new chemical structure and new mode of action. In this review, novel antifungal lead compounds reported from 2007 to 2009 are reviewed. Moreover, their chemical structures, antifungal activities and structure-activity relationships have been summarized, which can provide useful information for future study of antifungal agents.
Antifungal Agents ; chemical synthesis ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Fungi ; drug effects ; Heterocyclic Compounds ; chemical synthesis ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Lipopeptides ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Molecular Structure ; Mycoses ; drug therapy ; Nitriles ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Plant Extracts ; chemical synthesis ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Pyridines ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Quinazolines ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Quinones ; chemical synthesis ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Structure-Activity Relationship ; Thiazoles ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Triazoles ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use

OBJECTIVETo summarize the complications and the early clinical effect of less invasive stabilization system and the femoral condylar support plates in the treatment of AO type C distal femoral fractures.

METHODSFrom September 2007 to February 2012, 46 patients with AO type C distal femoral fractures were retrospectively studied. Of all patients 25 were treated with less invasive stabilization system including 14 males and 11 females with a mean age of (56.3±4.2) years old; according to AO classification, there were 14 cases of C1, 8 cases of C2 and 3 cases of C3 with a mean hospital stay of (15.6±1.7) days. While 21 cases were treated with femoral condylar support plates fixation including 12 males and 9 females with a mean age of (53.8±5.1) years old;there were 13 cases of C1, 6 cases of C2 and 2 cases of C3 with a mean hospital stay of (17.8±2.2) days. Comparative analysis was performed from the operation related index,postoperative complications and Evanich score of the knee joint function between the two groups at follow-up.

RESULTSAll 46 patients were followed up from 13 to 38 months with a mean time of 19.6 months after surgery. Complications included 1 case with infection,3 cases with internal fixation failure, 1 case with nonunion and 1 case with activity limitation of the affected knee. The differences in the incision length, blood loss, fracture healing time were significant between two groups (P<0.05), while there was no significant difference in the duration of operations, hospital stays and the incidence of postoperative complications between two groups (P>0.05). The statistical significance was also found in the Evanich score at last follow-up between two groups (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONPatients with less invasive stabilization system fixation had the characteristics of less trauma, shorter fracture healing time and better functional recovery. Less invasive stabilization system had became one of the ideal internal fixations in the treatment of AO type C distal femoral fractures.

Adult ; Aged ; Bone Plates ; Female ; Femoral Fractures ; surgery ; Fracture Fixation, Internal ; adverse effects ; instrumentation ; Fracture Healing ; Humans ; Length of Stay ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Postoperative Complications ; epidemiology

OBJECTIVETo observe the changes of proximal femoral geometry after femoral neck fracture treated with THA, analyze the existent of differences and their manifestation.

METHODSAll patients of femoral neck fracture (FNF) and osteonecrosis of femoral head (ONFH) were treated with THA by the same operating team from January to December of 2014, including 22 patients with FNF (11 males and 11 females,with age from 44 to 83 years old (means 66.18 ± 11.47) and 23 patients with ONFH (12 males and 11 females, with age from 19 to 68 years old (means 51.91 ± 11.76). After THA, height of femorals, offsets, osteotomy position and adjusting modes were measured and the statistic analysis was done.

RESULTSAfter THA, all patients were measured. Decreased femoral height, offsets and lower osteotomy positions were found in patients with FNF than those with ONFH, and 3 kinds of adjustments because of lower-positional osteotomy were found.

CONCLUSIONAfter THA, lower-positional osteotomy and decreased femoral offsets may occur on patients with FNF. The adjustments caused by lower-positional osteotomy may lead to negative results.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip ; methods ; Female ; Femoral Neck Fractures ; pathology ; surgery ; Femur ; pathology ; Femur Head Necrosis ; pathology ; surgery ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged

Background Oxidative damage plays an important role in pathogenesis of age-related macular degeneration( AMD ),and its mechanism is the destroy of blood-retinal barrier.Müller cells is a primary component to stabilize the inner barrier of the blood-retina.Researches showed that epidermal growth factor(EGF) can promote the proliferation and migration of animal Müller cells,but less study was found in the effect of EGF on human Müller cells. Objective The present study was to investigate the effects of EGF on the proliferation and migration of human Müller cells and its molecular mechanism. Methods Human Müller cell line MIO-M1 cells were cultured and incubated,and cultured cells were identified using glial fibrillory acidic protein (GFAP),factor Ⅷ,α-smooth muscle actin( α-SMA ),keratin and S-100.Different concentrations of EGF( 0,1,10,30,100 mg/L)was added in freeserum DMEM,and the positive rate of the cells was calculated using 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine(BrdU) method.The cells were divided into EGF group,H2 O2 group,EGF + H2 O2 group,glucose oxidase ( GO ) group,GO + EGF group,EGF + LY294002+H2O2 group according to the different intervention,and the effects of LY294002 on the proliferation of Müller cells (A590 )were detected by colorimetric assay for cellular growth and survival( MTT assay).The scratch test of Müller cells was used to assess the influence of EGF(0,1,10,30,100 mg/L)on H2 O2-induced damage of human Müller cell.Western blot was used to detect the cell proliferation under the protection of EGF on co-cultured cells using LY294002 and H2O2 and the activation of Akt signal pathways. Results The proliferative rates of the cells were 28.0％,32.9％,39.0％ in 10,30,100 mg/L EGF groups respectively and obviously higher than those in 0,1 mg/L EGF groups (24.5 ％,26.2 ％ ).Under the H2O2 culture,GO culture,respectively,the A570 value of the Müller cell in high concentrations of EGF groups was significantly increased in comparison with lower concentrations EGF groups with the statistical significance among the groups( F=23.582,P=0.000).Compared with EGF+H2O2 group,the A570value of the Müller cells was lowed in EGF+LY294002+H2O2 group.The maximum migration rate of Müller cells was found in 10 mg/L EGF group.Western blot revealed that the presence of H2O2 reinforced the expression of Akt in Müller cells,however,pretreatment with 100 mg/L EGF antagonized the harmful effect of H2O2 on Müller cells.Meanwhile,pretreatment with EGF and LY294002 reduced the expression of Akt in Müller cells. Conclusions EGF can induce the proliferation and migration of human Müller cells with the strongest effect in 10 mg/L.100 mg/L exogenous EGF has a stronger protection to the Müiller cells against H2O2-induced cell damage by activating the PI3KAkt cell survival pathway.

How to get functional gene from uncultured-microbiology is the hotspot content of microbial ecology. What the most important is how to obtain the pure and integrated genomic DNA. An efficient, nonselective extraction method to gain chromosomal DNA from eight kinds of bacteria was introduced. Amount DNA released by hot-detergent gave the highest DNA yields from different G + and G- bacteria. Running 20 hours by PFGE mode, the size of total DNA is over 23kb. The pure DNA could be digested by Hind Ⅲ and used in PCR. The total environmental DNA also can be extracted from soil by the same method. As a result it showed a new way for the environmental DNA extraction.

Methods for studying the population diversity of microorganism in activated sludge usually require enrichment of bacterial genome.The efficient information on microbial species composition provided and shifted in diversity revealed are dependent on the effective DNA recovery technique.The method was based on washing by alkaline phosphate buffer and digestion with extended heating of the activated sludge suspension in the presence of lysozyme and freeze-thawing in high-salt-SDS buffer.The extraction was tested for four activated sludge differing in places and dates.The DNA fragment from all sludge was integrity.DNA yields ranged from 105 to 823 ?g/g sludge and were of sufficient purity for PCR-based 16S ribosomal DNA analysis and restriction digested.In general,all methods produced DNA pure were not enough for PCR amplification and libraries construction.As basis of experimental goals,the study provides an appropriate extraction method of microbial DNA in sludge.

Objective Discuss propofol in aged patient do not have painful gastroscope inspection in calm ease pain effect and safety.Methods Inspect gastroseope divide into observation group(propofol group) with compare group(conventional gastroscope group).Observe each group of record to receive the gastroscope operating time.nar- cotic thing role time and reaction in skill,before inspecting in rear BP,HR,SpO_2 and skill rear questionnaire investi- gation.Results The case owned is inspected all consummately,observe group to have negative role less,patient is more easy to accept.Conclusion It is rapid to have effect in propofol inspects without painful gastroscope,recovery time short,negative role lose,is comfortable and safe.

Human xanthine oxidase is considered to be a target for therapy of hyperuricemia. Cichorium intybus is a Chinese plant medicine which widely used in Xinjiang against various diseases. In order to screen the inhibitors of xanthine oxidase from C. intybus and to explore main pharmacological actions of cichory a compound collection of C. intybus was built via consulting related references about chemical research on cichory. The three-dimensional crystal structure of xanthine oxidase (PDB code: 1N5X) from Protein Data Bank was downloaded.. Autodock 4.2 was employed to screen the inhibitors of xanthine oxidase from cichory 70 compounds were found to possess quite low binding free energy comparing with TEI (febuxostat). C. intybus contains constituents possessing potential inhibitive activity against xanthine oxidase. It can explain the main pharmacological actions of cichory which can significantly lower the level of serum uric acid.
Chicory ; chemistry ; Databases, Protein ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Enzyme Inhibitors ; chemistry ; Humans ; Molecular Docking Simulation ; Molecular Structure ; Xanthine Oxidase ; antagonists & inhibitors ; metabolism

Objective To investigate the efficacy of the bioactive artificial vertebrae of a nano- hydroapatite crystals and polyamide 66 composite(n-HA/PA66)to restore the height and architecture of thoracolumbar burst fracture.Methods From December 2003 to February 2006,38 patients(29 males and 9 females)with a mean age of 35.6 years(17-63 years)were treated surgically through anterior ap- proach for decompression and implanted with the bioactive artificial vertebrae of n-HA/PA66 composite to reconstruct the structure of the thoracolumbar burst fractured vertebra.Results All the patients were successfuly followed-up for an average of 8 months,ranging from 6 to 21 months.The bioaetive artificial vertebrac of n-HA/PA66 composite were fused with the receptor bone 3-4 months after operation.The neu- rological function of the patients was restored partially or completely.The thoracolumbar spine was stable during physical examination and the height of thoraeolumbar burst fractured vertebrae that had been restored did not changa during the follow-up.Conclusions Our results show the bioaetive artificial vertebrae of n-HA/PA66 can restore the height and structure of thoracolumbar burst fractured vertebrae and reconstruct the structure of the tboraeolumbar vertebrae effectively,indicating that the bioaetive artificial vertebrae of n- HA/PA66 can be used extensively in clinical spinal surgery.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the anatomy of femoral tunnels created by simulated transtibial technique in double-bundle anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction.

METHODSTwo tibial tunnels, anteromedial (AM) and posterolateral (PL), were drilled 45?and 55?to tibial plateau respectively. On the femoral side, the AM and PL tunnels were drilled through anteriomedial portal. After the four tunnels were established, the shaft of a reamer was introduced into the joint through tibial tunnel and reached against the lateral wall of intercondylar notch. The position that the reamer shaft can reach was marked and recorded.

RESULTSNeither femoral AM nor PL tunnel opening can be fully or partially reached by the reamer shaft through the tibial AM tunnel in all cases. The evaluation through the tibial PL tunnel showed that only in 8 of 50 cases (16%) the femoral AM tunnel opening and in 4 cases (8%) the PL opening can be fully reached. On the other hand, in 12 cases (24%) the femoral AM tunnel opening and in 10 cases (20%) the PL opening can be partially reached by the shafts through the tibial PL tunnel.

CONCLUSIONThe result strongly suggests that transtibial technique is not well competent for femoral tunnel drilling in anatomic double-bundle ACL reconstruction as we have hypothesized.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Anterior Cruciate Ligament ; surgery ; Female ; Femur ; surgery ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Reconstructive Surgical Procedures ; methods ; rehabilitation ; Tibia