155 endophytic fungi were isolated from Equisetum arvense L.,Impatiens chinensis L. and Myriophyllum verticillatum L. They were identified to 26 taxa. The antagonistic activities of these isolates against 6 isolates of plant pathogenic fungi were tested on the medium,and 37(23.9%) isolates were activitive against one or more phytopathogens. The percentage of antifungal active isolates from E. arvense L.,I. chinensis L. and M. verticillatum L. were 13.9%,29.2% and 37.1%,respectively. It was lower than that of terrestrial plants. The active isolates were mainly belonging to 5 genera including Cladosporium,Trichoderma and Geotrichum.

Ineffective erythropoiesis is recognized as the principal reason of non-transfusional iron overload. In the process of expanded erythropoiesis, the apoptosis of erythroblasts induces the up-regulation of GDF15. GDF15 suppresses hepcidin production by the hepatocytes. Subsequently, low hepcidin levels increase iron absorption from the intestine resulting in iron overload. Physiological dose of GDF15 can promote the growth and differentiation of erythroid progenitors, but the high dose of GDF15 can suppress the secretion of hepcidin. The regulation of GDF15 may also be related to iron levels, epigenetic regulation and hypoxia. In this article the GDF15 and its expression and distribution, roles of GDF15 in erythropoiesis and iron overload, as well as the regulation factors of GDF15 are reviewed.
Erythropoiesis ; Growth Differentiation Factor 15 ; metabolism ; Humans ; Iron Overload

Objective To further evaluate the safety and observe for unknown adverse reactions in the prelicensure trials of Anflu(split influenza virus vaccine)in children aged 6 months to 3 years old and 3 to 11 years old respectively.Methods This open clinical trial enrolled 100 healthy children in each of the two groups:6 months to 3 years old group and 3 to 11 years old group.The 6 months to 3 years group were vaccinated with two pediatric doses(0.25 ml/dose),28 days apart.The 3 to 11 years group were vaccinated with one adult dose(0.5 ml/dose).All the subjects were observed for 30 min after vaccination and had 3 follow-up visits at 24,48,72 h after vaccination. All subjects with adverse reactions were followed up till the symptoms resolved.Results The total adverse reaction rate was 6.0%(12/200).The occurrence rates of local reaction and systemic reaction were 1.0%(2/200)and 5.5%(10/200)respectively.For the younger group and older group,the adverse reaction rates were 8.0%and 4.0%respectively.Conclusion This vaccineis safe in children aged 6 months to 11 years old.

Objective To further evaluate the safety and observe for unknown adverse reactions in the prelicensure trials of Anflu(split influenza virus vaccine)in children aged 6 months to 3 years old and 3 to 11 years old respectively.Methods This open clinical trial enrolled 100 healthy children in each of the two groups:6 months to 3 years old group and 3 to 11 years old group.The 6 months to 3 years group were vaccinated with two pediatric doses(0.25 ml/dose),28 days apart.The 3 to 11 years group were vaccinated with one adult dose(0.5 ml/dose).All the subjects were observed for 30 min after vaccination and had 3 follow-up visits at 24,48,72 h after vaccination. All subjects with adverse reactions were followed up till the symptoms resolved.Results The total adverse reaction rate was 6.0%(12/200).The occurrence rates of local reaction and systemic reaction were 1.0%(2/200)and 5.5%(10/200)respectively.For the younger group and older group,the adverse reaction rates were 8.0%and 4.0%respectively.Conclusion This vaccineis safe in children aged 6 months to 11 years old.

OBJECTIVETo search for a therapy of increasing clinical therapeutic effect on simple obesity with stomach and intestine excess-heat.

METHODSEighty-two cases of simple obesity with stomach and intestine excess-heat were randomly divided into group A (n=40) and group B (n=42). They were treated with electroacupuncture (EA), movable cupping plus acupoint catgut embedding, and simple EA, respectively. EA at Zhongwan (CV 12), Xiawan (CV 10) and Qihai (CV 6) were given in the two groups. And in the group A, acupoint catgut embedding and movable cupping at the Channels CV, GV, SP, ST and UB were added. The therapeutic effect, main symptoms, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), hip circumference (HC), and WHR were investigated.

RESULTSThe total effective rate was 90.0% in the group A, significantly better than 78.6% in the group B (P< 0. 01), with significant differences in decrease of body weight, BMI, WC, HC and main symptoms between the two groups (P<0.05, P<0.01).

CONCLUSIONAcupuncture, cupping plus acupoint catgut embedding therapy can increase therapeutic effect on simple obesity of stomach and intestine excess-heat type, and it is a better method for treatment of this disease.

Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture Therapy ; Catgut ; Electroacupuncture ; Hot Temperature ; Humans ; Intestines ; Obesity ; therapy ; Stomach

Recombination plasmid pMM085 possessed both immunogens heat-labile enterotoxin(LT) and fimbriae antigen K88 of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC). Althouth vaccine strain MM-3 carrying pMM085 had good effect to protect piglets against diarrhea due to ETEC infections,it was not ideal live vaccine for pMM085 bringing chloramphenicol resistance gene (cat). To solve the problem,the host-plasmid balanced lethal system was introduced which including the replacement of cat gene by asd gene and transformation the new plasmid to the strain X6097 which asd gene was knocked out in its chromosome. Considering pMM085 was a big plasmid (23kb) and traditional genetic manipulations was not easy to carry on,?-Red recombination system was adopt in this work to realize the replacement of cat gene by asd gene. The results indicated that ?-Red recombination system was convenient and efficient to reconstruct big plasmid.

Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of warm needling plus Chinese medication for external application in treating post-stroke shoulder pain. Method Two hundred patients with post-stroke shoulder pain were randomized into a treatment group and a control group, 100 cases each. The two groups both received rehabilitation training for shoulder joint. In addition, the treatment group was given warm needling plus Chinese medication for external application, while the control group was given warm needling. Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) for pain, upper-limb Fugl-Mayer Assessment (FMA) and Modified Barthel Index (MBI) were adopted to evaluate the two groups before and after the treatment. The clinical efficacies of the two groups were also compared. Result The total effective rate was 100.0％ in the treatment group versus 87.0％ in the control group, and the between-group difference was statistically significant (P<0.01). The VAS, FMA and MBI scores were significantly changed after the treatment in both groups (P<0.01). After the treatment, the VAS, FMA and MBI scores of the treatment group were significantly different from those of the control group (P<0.05, P<0.01). Conclusion Warm needling plus Chinese medication for external application and rehabilitation training can obviously reduce post-stroke shoulder pain, and enhance the upper-limb motor function and activities of daily living.

Abstract: To analyze the clinical, therapeutic and laboratory characteristics of disseminated cryptococcosis caused by Cryptococcus neoformans invading the blood stream in patient with liver cirrhosis and splenectomy. A 30-year-old male underwent splenectomy plus pericardial devascularization due to "splenomegaly and hypersplenism" in March in 2016. The patient had intermittent fever after operation for many times, and successively accompanied with back pain, left lower limb abscess and right hip pain. The highest body temperature was 39 ℃. CT and MRI revealed the lung lesion and multiple bone destruction. During that period, the effect of antibiotics was not good. On April 19th, 2017, Gram's stain, India ink stain, API 32C, Vitek 2 Compact, ribosomal ITS and IGS sequence analysis were performed to identify the strain isolated from the pus and blood stream. The serum of the patient was detected for cryptococcal antigen. Antifungal susceptibility test was used to determine drug sensitivity and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). The Cryptococcus neoformans isolated from fresh pus specimen showed a prominent, thick capsule after India ink stain. The colonies isolated from pus and blood stream were identified Cryptococcus neoformans using API 32C, Vitek 2 Compact, and sequence analysis of rDNA ITS and IGS. Cryptococcal capsule antigen was positive. The minimal inhibitory concentrations of 5-Flucytosine, amphotericin B, fluconazole, itriconazole, voriconazole against the isolate were <4 μg/mL, <0.5 μg/mL, 4 μg/mL, ≤0.25 μg/mL, 0.125 μg/mL respectively. The patient was initially treated with intravenous amphotericin B and flucytosine. After anti-Cryptococcus treatment for two months, the patient clinically improved, and the lesions were reduced on a follow-up CT scan. The patient made a full functional recovery after treatment for six months. Cryptococcosis has hidden onset, atypical clinical symptoms and lack of specificity. Blood stream is the main channel for Cryptococcus to spread and involve many organs of the whole body, including skin, bone and so on. Therefore, early use of blood culture to monitor blood flow dissemination, actively removing the primary focus and cutting off the infection route in time and carrying out effective anti-Cryptococcus treatment are conducive to the patient's early recovery.

OBJECTIVETo elucidate the effect of the low dosage endotoxin damage on the expression of the organic cation transporter 1 (OCT1) mRNA in hepatocytes and make an approach to the probable effect of dexamethasone on the expression of the OCT1 mRNA after endotoxin damage.

METHODS(1) The endotoxin damage model was established in rats; (2) The change of the expression of OCT1 mRNA in hepatocytes after endotoxin damage was observed by in situ hybridization method; (3) The change of the ultra structure of hepatocytes after endotoxin damage was observed with the electron microscope; (4) Dexamethasone was injected intraperitoneally before endotoxin damage in order to determine the influence of dexamethasone on the expression of OCT1 mRNA after endotoxin treatment.

RESULTSThe expression of OCT1 mRNA decreased until 16 hours (0.5745+/-0.012, P<0.01) after endotoxin treatment and then increased after this time point, which was still lower than the normal control; The expression of OCT1 mRNA in rat hepatocytes increased at each time point after endotoxin damage with dexamethasone treatment. It was highest at 16 hours (0.6327+/-0.007, P<0.01) after endotoxin damage, but it was still lower than that of the normal control.

CONCLUSIONEndotoxin could repress the expression of OCT1 mRNA even before the low dosage endotoxin inducing serious damage to the structure of hepatocytes; Dexamethasone could not induce the expression of OCT1 mRNA in normal hepatocytes, but could lighten the repression of endotoxin on the expression of OCT1 mRNA. And then the expression of OCT1 mRNA could increase at some extent after endotoxin damage with dexamethasone treatment.

Animals ; Dexamethasone ; pharmacology ; Endotoxins ; toxicity ; Male ; Organic Cation Transporter 1 ; genetics ; RNA, Messenger ; analysis ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar

This study was purposed to explore the expression of p57kip2 in the bone marrow of patients with de novo myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and its role in MDS pathogenesis, as well as the relationship between the expression of p57kip2 and SDF-1/CXCR4 signal. The expression of p57kip2 and CXCR4 in 67 de novo MDS patients was measured by real-time quantitative PCR. The percentage of CD34(+) cells in the bone marrow from MDS patients was measured by flow cytometry. 18 healthy volunteers were recruited for control. The effect of SDF-1 on p57kip2 expression in bone marrow mononuclear cell (BMMNC) from MDS or normal controls was investigated in vitro, and difference between them was compared. The results showed that low-risk MDS and high-risk MDS displayed a significant reduction of p57kip2 mRNA expression in BMMNC compared with that in control group (P < 0.001) and there was a negative correlation between p57kip2 expression and percentage of CD34(+) (r = -0.458, P < 0.001); the patients with abnormal karyotype showed lower expression of p57kip2 gene, compared to patients with normal karyotype (P = 0.045). Although the expression of CXCR4 had no difference between MDS patients and normal controls, a positive correlation between p57kip2 and CXCR4 in MDS patients was still found (r = 0.609, P < 0.001). Moreover, SDF-1 increased p57kip2 expression in normal BMMNC in dose-dependent manner, but BMMNC from MDS patients showed no response to SDF-1. SDF-1-induced p57 expression was blocked by AMD3100. It is concluded that the low expression of p57 gene in MDS may play a role in the pathogenesis of MDS. Furthermore, SDF-1-induced p57kip2 expression in BMMNC, and the decreasing response of BMMNC to SDF-1 may contribute to the low expression of p57kip2 in MDS patients.
Case-Control Studies ; Chemokine CXCL12 ; metabolism ; Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p57 ; genetics ; metabolism ; Flow Cytometry ; Humans ; Myelodysplastic Syndromes ; genetics ; metabolism ; Receptors, CXCR4 ; metabolism