Acellular Dermis ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Oropharyngeal Neoplasms ; surgery ; Reconstructive Surgical Procedures ; Surgical Flaps ; Wound Healing

The composition of intestinal microflora is closely related to the occurrence and development of colorectal cancer (CRC). Among them, Fusobacterium nucleatum (Fn) has been proved directly related to the recurrence, metastasis and chemotherapy resistance of CRC. Therefore, it is of great significance for the prevention and treatment of colorectal cancer by the exploration potential anti-Fn drug targets and discovery small molecule drugs. However, no selective anti-Fn small molecule inhibitors have been reported so far as well as their anti-Fn thereby "anti-Fn further anticancer" mechanisms are unclear. Herein, this article reviews the potential therapeutic targets and small molecule ligands of Fn in order to provide a reference for the development of anti-Fn and anti-CRC small molecule drugs.

The overexpression of doublecortin-like kinase 1 (DCLK1) is closely related to the occurrence and development of various malignant tumors. Discovery of novel anti-tumor agents targeting DCLK1 represents a hot spot in this field. So far, several DCLK1 small molecule inhibitors with excellent anti-tumor activity in vitro and in vivo have been designed and synthesized, which is expected to provide a new strategy for tumor therapy. This article reviews the research progress in the discovery, structure type, structural optimization, biological activity and mechanism of action of DCLK1 small molecule inhibitors, and provides research basis for the development of new anti-tumor small molecule inhibitors targeting DCLK1.

How to get functional gene from uncultured-microbiology is the hotspot content of microbial ecology. What the most important is how to obtain the pure and integrated genomic DNA. An efficient, nonselective extraction method to gain chromosomal DNA from eight kinds of bacteria was introduced. Amount DNA released by hot-detergent gave the highest DNA yields from different G + and G- bacteria. Running 20 hours by PFGE mode, the size of total DNA is over 23kb. The pure DNA could be digested by Hind Ⅲ and used in PCR. The total environmental DNA also can be extracted from soil by the same method. As a result it showed a new way for the environmental DNA extraction.

Methods for studying the population diversity of microorganism in activated sludge usually require enrichment of bacterial genome.The efficient information on microbial species composition provided and shifted in diversity revealed are dependent on the effective DNA recovery technique.The method was based on washing by alkaline phosphate buffer and digestion with extended heating of the activated sludge suspension in the presence of lysozyme and freeze-thawing in high-salt-SDS buffer.The extraction was tested for four activated sludge differing in places and dates.The DNA fragment from all sludge was integrity.DNA yields ranged from 105 to 823 ?g/g sludge and were of sufficient purity for PCR-based 16S ribosomal DNA analysis and restriction digested.In general,all methods produced DNA pure were not enough for PCR amplification and libraries construction.As basis of experimental goals,the study provides an appropriate extraction method of microbial DNA in sludge.

In recent years, the incidence and mortality rate of invasive fungal infection have increased dramatically, and it is of great significance to develop novel antifungal agents with new chemical structure and new mode of action. In this review, novel antifungal lead compounds reported from 2007 to 2009 are reviewed. Moreover, their chemical structures, antifungal activities and structure-activity relationships have been summarized, which can provide useful information for future study of antifungal agents.
Antifungal Agents ; chemical synthesis ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Fungi ; drug effects ; Heterocyclic Compounds ; chemical synthesis ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Lipopeptides ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Molecular Structure ; Mycoses ; drug therapy ; Nitriles ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Plant Extracts ; chemical synthesis ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Pyridines ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Quinazolines ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Quinones ; chemical synthesis ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Structure-Activity Relationship ; Thiazoles ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Triazoles ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use

Objective To investigate the three-dimensional structure of normal male canine prostat- ic duct and acinus system,and to study the mechanism of intraprostatic urinary reflux(IPUR)resulting from high pressure of the posterior urethra by experiment.Methods Using scanning electron microscopy (SEM)and corrosion casting methods,high pressure of the prostatic urethra was produced based upon IPUR in normal male canines.Acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene(ABS)casting solution was injected into 8 Beagle canines'normal prostates to induce intraprostatie resin solution reflux.Results Six casting molds of nor- real canine prostate specimens were obtained,and the casting failed in 2.By corrosion and casting treatment, the prostate appeared to consist of several glandular lobes.The columnar apophyses of glandular surface were observed.The most glandular ducts pointed outward from urethral peristome.Each glandular duct system was made up of many bifurcated branches from the bough as a duct tree.More than 90% of the bifurcations were Y-shaped,and 6 bifurcated branches were rarely seen.The tip of the duct was vesicular.The diameter and length of the bough were(0.37?0.14)mm and(1.14?0.04)mm,respectively.The intersectional angle of urethra and peripheral glandular duct was the biggest.Peripheral glandular duct was perpendicular or con- verse to urinary flow.Peripheral glandular aeinus appeared elliptic and velvet.The mesh-like and crater-like depressions were shown on the surface of central glandular aeinus.Ejaculatory ducts independently and branchlessly entered the urethra.Conclusions The resin corrosion casting methods combined with SEM can clearly show the three-dimensional structure of normal male canine prostatic duct and acinus system. IPUR may easily occur in the peripheral glands from the morphological view.It is suggested that prostatitis occurs more commonly in peripheral glands,confirming a fact that high pressure of the posterior urethra can induce IPUR.

OBJECTIVETo screen and isolate secondary metabolite biosynthesis-related gene for establishing the foundation of functional gene research, we construct a cDNA library of Glycyrrhiza uralensis.

METHODTotal RNA was isolated from G. uralensis using the method of lithium chloride sedimentation. Double strand cDNA was joined into pBlueScript II vector. The number of clones, recombinant rate and length of insert fragments were determined.

RESULTThe capacity of the original library was 1.15 x 10(7) with a recombinant rate of 98.2% and the inserted cDNA fragments ranged from 0.5 to 4.8 kb. 126 ESTs through random sequencing were obtained. The most homological proteins came from leguminous plants, including Arabidopsis thaliana, Oryza sativa, and so on. Most of the proteins were related to genes linking cell matabolism, resistance, growth retardation and dormancy.

CONCLUSIONThe library has enough capacity, high recombinant rate and long insert fragment for the further study.

Computational Biology ; DNA, Recombinant ; genetics ; Electrophoresis, Agar Gel ; Expressed Sequence Tags ; Gene Library ; Glycyrrhiza uralensis ; genetics ; RNA, Messenger ; analysis ; genetics ; RNA, Plant ; analysis ; genetics ; Sequence Analysis, DNA

OBJECTIVEElucidate the medicinal licorice species circumscription in order to develop licorice resources in China and select new cultivars.

METHODPCR amplification, DNA sequencing and cladistic analysis.

RESULTAcquire the ITS sequences and phylogenetic tree of 8 licorice species.

CONCLUSIONAccording to results Glycyrrhiza eurycarpa and G. glabra var. glandulosa should be combined into G. and G. glabra respectively and G. egladulosa is an independent species.

Base Sequence ; DNA, Plant ; genetics ; DNA, Ribosomal Spacer ; genetics ; Glycyrrhiza ; classification ; genetics ; Glycyrrhiza uralensis ; genetics ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Pharmacognosy ; Phylogeny ; Plants, Medicinal ; classification ; genetics

Natural products are important sources for the discovery of anti-tumor drugs. Evodiamine is the main alkaloid component of the traditional Chinese herb Wu-Chu-Yu, and it has weak antitumor activity. In recent years, a number of highly active antitumor candidates have been discovered with a significant progress. This article reviews the research progress of evodiamine-based antitumor drug design strategies, in order to provide reference for the development of new drugs with natural products as leads.