Background The scar formation of filtering bleb is a cause of filtering operation failure.The topical application of mitomycin C (MMC) can inhibit the growth of collagenous fiber and improve function of bleb.However,some adverse effects of MMC are being closely concerned.Many studies have conformed the efficacy of amniotic membrane in filtering operation,but the comparison study between MMC and amniotic membrane is still lack.Objective Purpose of this study was to evaluate the anti-scarring effectiveness of amniotic membrane after its use in the filtrating surgery.Methods A randomized,controlled trial was designed.This study was approved by Ethic Committee of Peking University Third Hospital Eye Center.Written informed consent was obtained from each patient initial of this study.Fifty-two eyes of 47 patients with primary glaucoma were included in Peking University Third Hospital Eye Center from October 2009 to October 2011.The eyes were divided into two groups according to single blindness design and randomized digital table.Trabeculectomy combined with amniotic implantation was performed in the patients of the amniotic group,and trabeculectomy combined with 0.02％ MMC in the patients of the MMC group.The patients were followed-up for 3 months.Intraocular pressure (IOP),the anterior chamber depth,filtering bleb shape,incidence of complication and operative efficacy were measured and evaluated.Results No significant difference was found in the demography between two groups (P＞0.05).Seventeen patients in the MMC group and twenty-two patients in the amniotic group finished the trial.The IOP in the amniotic membrane group was (16.60-±5.04) mmHg on the third month after operation and that before operation was(23.52±-6.52) mmHg.In the MMC group,the IOP was(24.09± 12.79) mmHg on the third months after operation,and that before operation was (17.04±3.69) mmHg.Significant difference was found in the IOP between preoperation and postoperation in both groups(P＜0.05).IOP differential value on the third month was 6.98 mmHg in the amniotic membrane group and 6.94 mmHg in the MMC group.No significant differences were seen in the IOP between the amniotic membrane group and the MMC group in 1 week,2 weeks,1 month and 3 months(t=0.972,P=0.336;t=-0.512,P=0.611;t =-0.372,P =0.712 ; t =0.427,P =0.672).There were no significant differences in the number of eyes in the height grade,vascularization and perimeter classification of the filtering blebs 1 week,2 weeks and 1 month after surgery between these two groups (x2 =0.991,P =0.320 ; x2 =0.474,P =0.491 ; x2 =2.008,P =0.156).The total effective rate of surgery was 90.49％ in the amniotic membrane group and 100％ in MMC group,with a significant difference between them(x2 =26.180,P=0.000).There were not significantly different in the incidences of bleb leakage in 1 week,2 weeks and 1 month after operation between the MMC group and the amniotic group(x2 =3.556,P =0.059;x2=1.129,P=0.800; x2=0.434,P =0.510).Conclusions Combination of trabeculectomy with amniotic implantation has a similar lowing-IOP effect to trabeculectomy combined with MMC.The incidence of bleb leakage in the trabeculectomy combined with amniotic implantation dose not increase when compare with trabeculectomy combined MMC.

As a member of tyrosine kinases(TK) family,Epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR) has an activity of intrinsic protein tyrosine kinase,which plays an essential role in the regulation of signal transduction in the cells.Due to the abnormal expression of EGFR-TK,the certain type cancers may developed and progressed.Based on that,the inhibitors of EGFR-TK could be effective medicines for the treatment of cancer.The EGFR-TK domain was amplified by RT-PCR with RNA of HUVCEs cells as the template and expressed in E.coliBL21(DE3) using plasmid pET30a as vector.The recombinant protein was purified with the affinity chromatography(Ni-NTA),which was identified to have kinase activity catalyzing the substrate phosphorylated with ATP in the enzymatic reaction.Using the recombinant EGFR-TK as target,the screening model for enzymatic inhibitors was constructed.

AIM: To compare the peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer ( RNFL ) thickness and peripapillary topographic map's parameters between amblyopic eyes and non -amblyopic eyes in adolescent with anisometropic amblyopia by optical coherence tomography(OCT).
METHODS: Thirty - four juveniles with anisometropic amblyopia were selected. Peripapillary RNFL thickness and peripapillary topographic map were measured by frequency domain OCT with both eyes in all participants, and the differences between amblyopic eyes and non -amblyopic eyes were compared.
RESULTS: There was no significant difference in average thickness of peripapillary RNFL and in any other region of peripapillary RNFL. The disc area in amblyopic eyes was bigger than that in non - amblyopic eyes ( t =2. 8054,P= 0. 0263). The disc area in amblyopic eyes were significantly related to the thickness of nasal RNFL and the rim area(r= 0. 7592,0. 7501;P= 0. 0289,0. 0321).
CONCLUSION: There existed some difference in peripapillary structure between amblyopic eyes and non-amblyopic eyes in adolescent with anisometropic amblyopia.

Background Recently,the study on the cause of optic nerve damage induced by glaucoma is of concern in ophthalmology.Some research showed that the immune system is associated with glaucoma-induced optic neuropathy.Acute ischemia-reperfusion is an ideal model of studying optic neuropathy.ObjectiveThe present study investigates the effect of T and B lymphocyte deficiency on the retinal neurocytes of mice with acute intraocular hypertension.Methods Sixteen SPF CB-17/Icr.Cg-Prkdc~(scid)Lyst~(bg)/CrlVR mice 6-8 week-old (severe combined immunodeficiency mouse,SCID) were used in this study and 16 age-matched SPF wild type (C57BL/6) mice served as controls.The ischemia-reperfusion injury models were induced in the right eyes of 10 SCID mice and 10 C57BL/6 mice through intra-anterior chamber infusion of balanced saline solution for 45minutes to increase the intraocular pressure to 104mmHg,and the left eyes served as model controls.The other 6 SCID mice and 6 C57BL/6 mice served as normal control group.10g/L (2μL) of FlouroGold was injected into the brains of the mice for the labeling of surviving retinal ganglion cells 21 days after ischemia-reperfusion.The thickness of retinal inner nuclear layer was measured by H&E staining under the fluorescent microscope 21 days after ischemic insult.The use of the animals followed the Standard of Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology.Results In normal control mice,the morphology of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and retinal structure were similar between SCID mice and C57BL/6 mice.The differences in the numbers of RGCs and retinal thickness were insignificant between the two types of mice(P＞0.05).In the experimental mice,the surviving RGCs were strikingly increased in SCID mice (91%±5%) compared with C57BL/6 mice(78%±5%)(P=0.003).The thickness of the retinal inner nuclear layer was obviously thinner in the model eyes (22.44±1.70μm) compared to model control eyes (31.06±3.75μm) in C57BL/6 mice(P=0.004),but no statistically significant difference was found between the model eyes and model control eyes in SCID mice (33.52±2.13μm vs 34.06±3.00μm) 21 days after ischemia-reperfusion injury(P＞0.05).Conclusion T and B lymphocytes deficient mice show a better tolerance to acute intraocular hypertension than the wild type C57BL/6 mice.

In order to determine the challenge dose of pigeon paramyxovirus type 1 (PPMV-1) inactivated vaccine (S-1 strain). The virus titer of PPMV-1 E5 allantoic fluid (Chuansha strain) was determined using SPF chicken embryos in this research. After inoculating 30-day-old and 120-day-old pigeons with low-HI antibody against PPMV-1 (HI antibody < or =2) with different doses of PPMV-1 (Chuansha strain), the clinical symptoms and histopathological lesions of the challenged pigeons were examined. The results showed that the minimal lethal dose (MLD) of PPMV-1 (Chuansha strain) was 102.5 ELD50, so we determined that 10(5.5) ELD50, which was 1000 times the MLD, could be taken as the challenge dose in the vaccine efficacy test for PPMV-1 inactivated vaccine (S-1 strain).
Animals ; Antibodies, Viral ; immunology ; Bird Diseases ; immunology ; mortality ; virology ; Chick Embryo ; Columbidae ; immunology ; virology ; Newcastle Disease ; immunology ; mortality ; virology ; Newcastle disease virus ; immunology ; pathogenicity ; Phylogeny ; Viral Vaccines ; immunology ; Virulence

Apoptosis ; Cell Proliferation ; Gene Expression ; Gene Silencing ; HL-60 Cells ; Humans ; Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins ; genetics ; RNA, Small Interfering ; genetics

Background The biomeasurement and imageology of retinal nerve fiber layer(RNFL) thickness showed the damage of retinal structure in the early and middle stage of glaucomatous eye,however,the subtle functional damage of glaucoma can not be timely reflected only with automatic static perimeter.Microperimetry is a method of quantitatively assessing mean sensitivity (MS) of macular zone.Objective This study was to evaluate and compare the macular functional change in early and middle stage of primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) and chronic angle-closure glaucoma (CACG) with MP-1 microperimeter.Metbods This trail protocol was approved by Ethic Committee of Peiking University Third Hospital,and written informed consent was obtained from each subject prior to entering the study group.A cross-sectional and case-controlled study was designed.A total of 126 eyes from 126 subjects were enrolled in the trail,including 53 eyes of 53 normal subjects,50 eyes of POAG patients and 23 eyes of CACG patients.A macular 10° program was set with MP-1 microperimetry to record the MS of various subareas.The macula was zoned into central 2°,6°,and 10° visual fields and 4 quadrants in each ring.The MS of different rings and subareas was detected and compared among POAG patients,CACG patients and normal controls.Results The MS values of central 2°,6°,10° and whole macular area were (15.09 ± 3.03),(15.72 ± 3.22),(13.99 ± 3.63) and (14.91±3.07)dB in the POAG group,which were significantly lower than those of (17.29±1.59),(18.05±1.24),(16.76±1.89) and (17.37±1.46)dB in the normal control group (all at P=0.000).The MS values of central 2°,6°,10° and whole macular area was (16.00±2.39),(15.83±2.63),(14.45±3.15) and (15.42±2.54) dB in the CACG group,and the reduced MSs were seen at the 6°,10° rings and whole macular area in the CACG group compared with the normal control group (P =0.004,0.013,0.011).Within the 6° ring,the MS values in the inferotemporal quadrant were declined in the POAG group and CACG group compared with the normal control group (P =0.000,0.022),but the difference was not statistically significant between the POAG group and the CACG group (P =0.311).In addition,the MS value in the inferonasal quadrant was significantly lower than that of the normal control group (P =0.005); while that in the CACG group was not significantly different in comparison with the normal control group (P=0.119).In the POAG group,the MS value of the inferotemporal quadrant was significantly lower than that of the superonasal or superotemopral quadrant (P =0.043,0.016),but no significant differences were found among the 4 quadrants in the CACG group (all at P＞0.05).Conclusions The mild damage of retinal function appears in the early and middle stage of POAG and CACG.More serious MS reducing occurs in the inferotemporal and inferonasal quadrants of POAG.

Vaccination has been proved to be the most effective strategy to prevent the Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). The mRNA vaccine based on nano drug delivery system (NDDS) - lipid nanoparticles (LNP) has been widely used because of its high effectiveness and safety. Although there have been reports of severe allergic reactions caused by mRNA-LNP vaccines, the mechanism and components of anaphylaxis have not been completely clarified yet. This review focuses on two mRNA-LNP vaccines, BNT162b2 and mRNA-1273. After summarizing the structural characteristics, potential allergens, possible allergic reaction mechanism, and pharmacokinetics of mRNA and LNP in vivo, this article then reviews the evaluation methods for patients with allergic history, as well as the regulations of different countries and regions on people who should not be vaccinated, in order to promote more safe injection of vaccines. LNP has become a recognized highly customizable nucleic acid delivery vector, which not only shows its value in mRNA vaccines, but also has great potential in treating rare diseases, cancers and other broad fields in the future. At the moment when mRNA-LNP vaccines open a new era of nano medicine, it is expected to provide some inspiration for safety research in the process of research, development and evaluation of more nano delivery drugs, and promote more nano drugs successfully to market.

Objective To investigate the feasibility and safety of laparoscopic-assisted gastrectomy for distant gastric cancer.Methods All 18 patients with distant gastric cancer receiving laparoscopic-assisted gastrectomy were analyzed.Results Laparoscopic-assisted distal gastrectomy was performed successfully in all patients.The mean operation time was(291.33?19.61) min.The mean blood loss was(151.32?71.78) ml.The mean numbers of harvested lymph node were 14.57?3.11.The mean time of gastrointestinal function recovery was(3.46?0.93) d,the mean out of bed activity time was(1.75?0.45) d.All patients were followed up for 1-24 months,mean 11 months.No local recurrence,trocar implant or distant metastasis happened.Conclusion Laparoscopic-assisted gastrectomy is a feasible and safe surgical procedure combined with minimal trauma and fast recovery.

Carotenoids play an important role in regulating the hydrogen production of hydrogen-producing Rhodobacter sp. The carotenoids of hydrogen-producing Rhodobacter sp. grown in acetate medium were extracted by using acetone-methanol (7∶2,V/V) solvent and were separated by using thin-layer chromatography on silica-gel plate. The qualitative and quantitative of the carotenoids were analyzed by spectrometry. The results showed that the carotenoids were completely extracted three times with acetone-methanol (7∶2,V/V) in two hours. The ultrasonication had little effect on yield of carotenoids. The yield of carotenoids was 2.81mg/g wet cell. There were 4 spots on the silica-gel plate in the order of yellow, red, light red and light yellow. Yellow spot and red spot were the dominant composition of carotenoid in Rhodobacter sp. The spectrometry data showed that the yellow and red component might be the spheroidene and spirilloanthin respectively.