ObjectiveThis study leverages structural data from antigen-antibody complexes of the influenza A virus neuraminidase (NA) protein to investigate the spatial recognition relationship between the antigenic epitopes and antibody paratopes. MethodsStructural data on NA protein antigen-antibody complexes were comprehensively collected from the SAbDab database, and processed to obtain the amino acid sequences and spatial distribution information on antigenic epitopes and corresponding antibody paratopes. Statistical analysis was conducted on the antibody sequences, frequency of use of genes, amino acid preferences, and the lengths of complementarity determining regions (CDR). Epitope hotspots for antibody binding were analyzed, and the spatial structural similarity of antibody paratopes was calculated and subjected to clustering, which allowed for a comprehensively exploration of the spatial recognition relationship between antigenic epitopes and antibodies. The specificity of antibodies targeting different antigenic epitope clusters was further validated through bio-layer interferometry (BLI) experiments. ResultsThe collected data revealed that the antigen-antibody complex structure data of influenza A virus NA protein in SAbDab database were mainly from H3N2, H7N9 and H1N1 subtypes. The hotspot regions of antigen epitopes were primarily located around the catalytic active site. The antibodies used for structural analysis were primarily derived from human and murine sources. Among murine antibodies, the most frequently used V-J gene combination was IGHV1-12*01/IGHJ2*01, while for human antibodies, the most common combination was IGHV1-69*01/IGHJ6*01. There were significant differences in the lengths and usage preferences of heavy chain CDR amino acids between antibodies that bind within the catalytic active site and those that bind to regions outside the catalytic active site. The results revealed that structurally similar antibodies could recognize the same epitopes, indicating a specific spatial recognition between antibody and antigen epitopes. Structural overlap in the binding regions was observed for antibodies with similar paratope structures, and the competitive binding of these antibodies to the epitope was confirmed through BLI experiments. ConclusionThe antigen epitopes of NA protein mainly ditributed around the catalytic active site and its surrounding loops. Spatial complementarity and electrostatic interactions play crucial roles in the recognition and binding of antibodies to antigenic epitopes in the catalytic region. There existed a spatial recognition relationship between antigens and antibodies that was independent of the uniqueness of antibody sequences, which means that antibodies with different sequences could potentially form similar local spatial structures and recognize the same epitopes.

Objective To study the effect and mechanism of estradiol (E

Objective: This cross-sectional investigation aimed to determine the incidence, clinical characteristics, prognosis, and related risk factors of olfactory and gustatory dysfunctions related to infection with the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron strain in mainland China. Methods: Data of patients with SARS-CoV-2 from December 28, 2022, to February 21, 2023, were collected through online and offline questionnaires from 45 tertiary hospitals and one center for disease control and prevention in mainland China. The questionnaire included demographic information, previous health history, smoking and alcohol drinking, SARS-CoV-2 vaccination, olfactory and gustatory function before and after infection, other symptoms after infection, as well as the duration and improvement of olfactory and gustatory dysfunction. The self-reported olfactory and gustatory functions of patients were evaluated using the Olfactory VAS scale and Gustatory VAS scale. Results: A total of 35 566 valid questionnaires were obtained, revealing a high incidence of olfactory and taste dysfunctions related to infection with the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron strain (67.75%). Females(χ2=367.013, P<0.001) and young people(χ2=120.210, P<0.001) were more likely to develop these dysfunctions. Gender(OR=1.564, 95%CI: 1.487-1.645), SARS-CoV-2 vaccination status (OR=1.334, 95%CI: 1.164-1.530), oral health status (OR=0.881, 95%CI: 0.839-0.926), smoking history (OR=1.152, 95%CI=1.080-1.229), and drinking history (OR=0.854, 95%CI: 0.785-0.928) were correlated with the occurrence of olfactory and taste dysfunctions related to SARS-CoV-2(above P<0.001). 44.62% (4 391/9 840) of the patients who had not recovered their sense of smell and taste also suffered from nasal congestion, runny nose, and 32.62% (3 210/9 840) suffered from dry mouth and sore throat. The improvement of olfactory and taste functions was correlated with the persistence of accompanying symptoms(χ2=10.873, P=0.001). The average score of olfactory and taste VAS scale was 8.41 and 8.51 respectively before SARS-CoV-2 infection, but decreased to3.69 and 4.29 respectively after SARS-CoV-2 infection, and recovered to 5.83and 6.55 respectively at the time of the survey. The median duration of olfactory and gustatory dysfunctions was 15 days and 12 days, respectively, with 0.5% (121/24 096) of patients experiencing these dysfunctions for more than 28 days. The overall self-reported improvement rate of smell and taste dysfunctions was 59.16% (14 256/24 096). Gender(OR=0.893, 95%CI: 0.839-0.951), SARS-CoV-2 vaccination status (OR=1.334, 95%CI: 1.164-1.530), history of head and facial trauma(OR=1.180, 95%CI: 1.036-1.344, P=0.013), nose (OR=1.104, 95%CI: 1.042-1.171, P=0.001) and oral (OR=1.162, 95%CI: 1.096-1.233) health status, smoking history(OR=0.765, 95%CI: 0.709-0.825), and the persistence of accompanying symptoms (OR=0.359, 95%CI: 0.332-0.388) were correlated with the recovery of olfactory and taste dysfunctions related to SARS-CoV-2 (above P<0.001 except for the indicated values). Conclusion: The incidence of olfactory and taste dysfunctions related to infection with the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron strain is high in mainland China, with females and young people more likely to develop these dysfunctions. Active and effective intervention measures may be required for cases that persist for a long time. The recovery of olfactory and taste functions is influenced by several factors, including gender, SARS-CoV-2 vaccination status, history of head and facial trauma, nasal and oral health status, smoking history, and persistence of accompanying symptoms.
Female ; Humans ; Adolescent ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Smell ; COVID-19/complications* ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; COVID-19 Vaccines ; Incidence ; Olfaction Disorders/etiology* ; Taste Disorders/etiology* ; Prognosis

The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern and repeated outbreaks of coronavirus epidemics in the past two decades emphasize the need for next-generation pan-coronaviral therapeutics. Drugging the multi-functional papain-like protease (PLpro) domain of the viral nsp3 holds promise. However, none of the known coronavirus PLpro inhibitors has been shown to be in vivo active. Herein, we screened a structurally diverse library of 50,080 compounds for potential coronavirus PLpro inhibitors and identified a noncovalent lead inhibitor F0213 that has broad-spectrum anti-coronaviral activity, including against the Sarbecoviruses (SARS-CoV-1 and SARS-CoV-2), Merbecovirus (MERS-CoV), as well as the Alphacoronavirus (hCoV-229E and hCoV-OC43). Importantly, F0213 confers protection in both SARS-CoV-2-infected hamsters and MERS-CoV-infected human DPP4-knockin mice. F0213 possesses a dual therapeutic functionality that suppresses coronavirus replication via blocking viral polyprotein cleavage, as well as promoting antiviral immunity by antagonizing the PLpro deubiquitinase activity. Despite the significant difference of substrate recognition, mode of inhibition studies suggest that F0213 is a competitive inhibitor against SARS2-PLpro via binding with the 157K amino acid residue, whereas an allosteric inhibitor of MERS-PLpro interacting with its 271E position. Our proof-of-concept findings demonstrated that PLpro is a valid target for the development of broad-spectrum anti-coronavirus agents. The orally administered F0213 may serve as a promising lead compound for combating the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic and future coronavirus outbreaks.
Animals ; Coronavirus Papain-Like Proteases/antagonists & inhibitors* ; Cricetinae ; Humans ; Mice ; Pandemics ; SARS-CoV-2/enzymology* ; COVID-19 Drug Treatment

Cardiac Catheterization ; Heart Valve Prosthesis ; Heart Valve Prosthesis Implantation ; Humans ; Treatment Outcome ; Tricuspid Valve/surgery* ; Tricuspid Valve Insufficiency/surgery*

Objective:To apply ¹³N-ammonia PET/CT cerebral blood perfusion imaging combined with methazolamide challenge for cerebrovascular reserve (CVR) evaluation in ischemic cerebrovascular diseases. Methods:From January, 2014 to December, 2016, 56 ischemic stroke patients with serious stenosis of unilateral internal carotid artery or middle cerebral artery accepted basal and stress PET/CT with methazolamide challenge. The patients were divided into normal-CVR group (n = 29) and reduced-CVR group (n = 27) according to the results of CVR, and followed up for 24 months. The ischemic cerebrovascular events and cerebral blood flow were observed. Results:The incidence of transient ischemic attack was more in the reduced-CVR group than in the normal-CVR group (χ² = 4.389, P < 0.05), while the incidence of ischemic stroke increased a little with no significant difference between the two groups (P > 0.05). The CBF was improved in normal-CVR group after treatment (t = 2.409, P < 0.05), and the improvement was not significant in reduced-CVR group (t = 0.648, P > 0.05). Conclusion:¹³N-ammonia PET/CT cerebral blood flow perfusion imaging combined with methazolamide challenge can be used to evaluate CVR to predict the outcome for patients with cerebral ischemic disease, which is helpful for early intervention.

Objective The prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) is increasing in middle-aged and older people. This article aimed to analyze the relationship between thyroid hormone and NAFLD in euthyroid middle-aged and older people.Methods We retrospectively analyzed 589 euthyroid patients aged 40 years or older who were hospitalized in our department from January 2015 to December 2017. According to the Results of abdominal ultrasound, they were divided into NAFLD group (n=217) and non-NAFLD group (n=372). We compared the differences of general data between two groups and analyzed the association of thyroid hormones(FT3, TSH) with metabolic indexes and the risk of NAFLD.Results TSH and FT3 in NAFLD group were significantly higher than those in non-NAFLD group (respectively 2.18±1.01 mIU/L versus 1.74±0.77 mIU/L, P<0.001; 4.54±0.72 pmol/L vs 4.05±0.83 pmol/L, P<0.001). After adjusting for age and sex, TSH was positively correlated with BMI, abdominal circumference, and LDL (r, P respectively were 0.117, 0.005; 0.136, 0.001; 0.086, 0.037). FT3 was positively correlated with LDL (r=0.098, P=0.017), and negatively correlated with FPG and HbA1c (r, P respectively were -0.161, <0.001; -0.139, 0.001). With the increase of TSH and FT3 quartiles, the risk of NAFLD showed a significantly increasing trend (P<0.01). Logistic regression analysis showed that abdominal circumference, BMI, ALT, TG, TSH, and FT3 were independent risk factors of NAFLD. Conclusion TSH and FT3 are risk factors of NAFLD in euthyroid middle-aged and older people, which can be used as a good serological indicator of NAFLD.

PURPOSE: To compare the efficacy and safety of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein (rhBMP) and iliac crest autograft in the fusion treatment of lumbar spondylolisthesis. METHODS: The studies using randomized controlled trials to compare the rhBMP with iliac crest autograft in the treatment of lumbar spondylolisthesis were retrieved from Embase, Pubmed, ProQuest dissertations & theses (PQDT), China national knowledge infrastructure (CNKI), Chinese Biomedical Database, Wanfang Data, Cochrane Library (from March 1998 to March 2018). Postoperative fusion rate, clinical success rate, postoperative intervertebral height, complications, operation time, blood loss and duration of hospitalization were chosen as the outcome indicators. Methodological quality of the trials was critically assessed, and relevant data were extracted. Statistical software Revman 5.3 was used for data-analysis. RESULTS: Eleven articles were included in the meta-analysis. The results showed that, comparing the efficacy of rhBMP with iliac crest autograft, statistical significance was found in the 24-month fusion rate post operation [95% CI (1.38, 24.70), p = 0.02] and operation time [95% CI (-14.22, -2.08), p = 0.008]. There is not sufficient evidence for statistical differences in the remaining indicators. CONCLUSION The current literature shows rhBMP is a safe and effective grafting material in the treatment of lumbar spondylolisthesis. Further evidence is dependent on the emergence of more randomized controlled trials with higher quality and larger sample sizes in the future.
Autografts ; Bone Morphogenetic Proteins ; administration & dosage ; Databases, Bibliographic ; Humans ; Ilium ; transplantation ; Lumbar Vertebrae ; surgery ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ; Recombinant Proteins ; administration & dosage ; Spinal Fusion ; methods ; Spondylolisthesis ; surgery ; Time Factors ; Treatment Outcome

Nitidine chloride (NC) is a compound with prominent anti-tumor activity. To determine potential cardiotoxicity of NC, this study was designed to investigate the distribution of NC in rat heart and the underlying mechanism. The animal studies were approved by Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of Zhejiang University Medical Center (2015-380-01) and complied with the standards of animal welfare in China. At 0.25, 0.5 and 2 h after a single intravenous injection (iv) of 5 mg·kg^-1 NC, the concentrations of NC in rat heart were 47.7, 71.1 and 63.2 μg·g^-1 respectively, which were 576, 1 352 and 1 212 folds of that in plasma. This study also revealed that the NC concentration in heart was 458.5 μg·g^-1 (7 336 folds of that in plasma) at 2 h after the last dose in rats, after daily iv administration of NC at 5 mg·kg^-1·day^-1 for successive 20 days. Further studies showed that the accumulations of NC in MDCK-hOCT1 and MDCK-hOCT3 cells were 16.1 and 4.99 folds higher than that of the mock cells, respectively. There is no significant difference between the accumulations of NC in MDCK cells transfected with hOCTN1, hOCTN2 or hPMAT and the mock cells. Additionally, quinidine, L-tetrahydropalmatine and Decynium 22, the inhibitors of OCTs, clearly reduced the accumulations of NC in primary cardiomyocytes and cardiac fibroblasts from neonatal rats. MTT assay showed that the LC₅₀ of NC on cardiomyocytes and cardiac fibroblasts were 10.9 and 10.4 μmol·L^-1, respectively. Moreover, treatment of the primary cardiomyocytes and cardiac fibroblasts with NC (1～15 μmol·L^-1) for 48 h resulted in significantly increased LDH enzyme leakage. These results indicated that NC can be highly accumulated in the heart, and accumulation is mediated by OCT1 and OCT3, but not by OCTN1, OCTN2 and PMAT. The accumulated NC has potential cytotoxicity as shown in the results from primary cardiomyocytes and cardiac fibroblasts.

Objective To investigate the expression differences and significance of periostin (PN) in eyelid basal cell carcinoma associated fibroblasts (BCAFs) andnormal fibroblasts (NFs) after separation,culture,purification and identification.Methods The third generation of purified BCAFs and NFs was selected,and the concentrations of cell suspensions were modulated to 20 × 106 L-1 by trypsin,and then the cell suspension were seeded and cultured in 6-well plate by 2 mL per well.The cell culture supernatants were collected when BCAFs and NFs were cultured by serum-free medium for 48 h,then the content of PN in cell culture supernatants from BCAFs and NFs was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).The glass coverslips were placed at the bottom of the 6-well plate to make cell slides,and then the expression of PN in BCAFs and NFs cells were tested by immunofluorescence staining.Results ELISA showed that the content of PN in cell culture supernatants from BCAFs and NFs was (9.26 ± 2.35) μg · L-1 and (2.57 ± 0.41) μg · L-1.And the expression level of PN in BCAFs tested by immunofluorescence staining technology was higher than that in NFs cells,and the differences were statistically significant (all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion The expression and secretion of PN in the eyelid BCAFs were highly enhanced when compared with NFs,suggesting that periostein may promote or inhibit the occurrence and development of the eyelid basal cell carcinoma in the microenvironment of the eyelid basal cell carcinoma.