Cardiovascular Diseases ; Humans ; Membrane Proteins ; Neoplasm Proteins ; Stromal Interaction Molecule 1

BACKGROUND: Drug use is the most significant risk factor for viral hepatitis B and C infection. Female drug users present different drug-using characteristics from the other sex. And what about the influence of these characteristics on hepatitis B and C virus(HBV and HCV) double infection?OBJECTIVE:To explore the relationship of characteristics of drug using in female drug users on the incidence of HBV and HCV double infection.DESIGN: It is a cross section investigation of female drug users in January 2002.SETTING: A laboratory separtment, an epidemiological department in a university and a drug dependency treatment unit.PARTICIPANTS: A total of 320 female drug users who were in Baimalongdrug dependency treatment unit in Zhuzhou city were recruited in this study.METHODS: The drug-using characteristics were investigated through a questionnaire and the surface antigen of HBV(HBsAg) and antibody against HCV(anti-HCV)in serum were checked with ELISA.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Relationship between HBV and HCV infection and injection of drug, injecting career and abstaining history.RESULTS:The incidence of HBV and HCV double infection in the 320 female drug users was 9. 37%. All of those with double infection were injection drug users, which was different from non-injection drug users(x2 = 6. 276,P ＜ 0. 05 ) . Longer career of drug-using meant higher possibility of double infection. The incidence of double infection (10. 3% ) in those of 5 - 10 years of drug-using career was higher than that (4.5%) of 1 - 5 years of drug-using career (x2 = 8. 344, P ＜ 0.05) . And that in those experienced more than 4times of abstaining was also higher than that less than in those experienced 3times (x2 =9. 418, P ＜ 0. 05) . Long career of drug using and repeated abstention abstaining were factors that leaded to HBV and HCV double infection (OR = 1. 923, 1. 597, 95% CI = 0. 964 - 3. 838, 0. 962 -2. 652).CONCLUSION: Injection drug use is the predominant factor that causes double infection of HBV and HCV and long career of drug using and rising in the number of times of abstaining also increase the double infection.

BACKGRUND:The high prevalence of hepatitis B virus(HBV) is related with the sexual characteristics in drug abusers.How about the relationship between prevalence of HBV/hepatitis C virus(HCV) co infection and the sexual characteristics in drug abusers? OBJECTIVE:To investigate the relationship between sexual characteristics and HBV/HCV co infection in drug abusers. DESIGN:A cross sectional survey taking the drug abuser as the subjects. SETTING:A department of clinical laboratory of a municipal hospital,an epidemiological department of the college of public health of a university,a professional drug abuser treatment center. PARTICIPANTS:Totally 452 male and 320 female drug abusers were randomly selected from the Changsha Xinkaipu Drug Abusers Treatment Center and Zhuzhou Baimalong Female Drug Abusers Treatment Center as the subjects from 1st to 31st January 2001. INTERVENTIONS:A self designed questionnaire was used to investigate the sexual characteristics of drug abusers.HBV surface antigen and HCV antibody were detected in the serums of the participants with ELISA. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:The relationship between HBV/HCV co infection and the sexual behavior, numbers of sexual partners,and the usage of condom in drug abusers. RESULTS:The total prevalence of HBV/HCV co infection in drug abusers was 21.24% ; the prevalence of HBV/HCV co infection in male drug abusers was 29.6% ),which was significantly higher than that in females(9.4% )(χ 2=46.016,P< 0.01).There was no significant difference in the prevalence of HBV/HCV co infection between male and female drug abuser whether they had or had not sexual behaviors(χ 2=3.775,P >0.05).The prevalence of HBV/HCV co infection was in an ascending tendency with the increase of sexual partner(χ 2=9.846,P< 0.05).The using frequency of condom was significantly higher in females than in males(U=14.80,P< 0.01). CONCLUSION:There is no correlation between sexual experience and prevalence of HBV/HCV co infection;male drug abusers have higher prevalence of co infection than females;the number of sexual partners is correlated with the prevalence of HBV/HCV co infection,the more sexual partners,the higher prevalence is.The protective effect of condom is greater in female drug abusers than in males.

Abstract: AIDS combined with Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PJP) and disseminated infections of Talaromyces marneffei and Cryptococcus neoformans are rare. This paper summarizes and analyzes the diagnosis and treatment of an AIDS patient with multiple fungal infections for reference. A 79-year-old male patient was admitted to the hospital with "stool habit change for more than 20 days". The white blood cell count was 4.57×109/L, the percentage of neutrophils was 81.8%, the absolute count of CD4+ lymphocytes was 6/μL, and the CD4/CD8 ratio was 0.17. HIV antibody positive was confirmed by CDC. The cerebrospinal fluid and alveolar lavage fluid were positive for Cryptococcus neoformans capsular antigen, and Pneumocystis jirovecii was found by the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid stained with hexamine silver. The cerebrospinal fluid culture was positive for Cryptococcus neoformans, and the blood culture was positive for Cryptococcus neoformans and Talaromyces marneffei. CT showed that bronchovascular bundles in both lungs were more thick, patchy and cable-like high-density shadows were seen in both lungs, and the edges were blurred. Nodular and cable-like high-density shadows were seen in the posterior apical segment of the left upper lobe, with clear margins. Infection of both lungs was considered, and secondary pulmonary tuberculosis occurred in the left upper lobe. After admission, the patient was treated with various anti-bacterial and fungal drugs due to recurrent fever, but the effect was not effective. The fever symptoms of the patient could not be significantly improved, and his condition continued to worsen, and he eventually died. The patient with AIDS complicated with bacterial and fungal infection, especially PJP infection in serious condifiton and has a poor prognosis for rapid development, so clinical attention should be paid to. 

Adult ; Atropine ; therapeutic use ; Bronchodilator Agents ; therapeutic use ; Combined Modality Therapy ; Female ; Hemofiltration ; Humans ; Insecticides ; poisoning ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Organophosphorus Compounds ; Poisoning ; therapy ; Treatment Outcome

Objective To study the lysozyme activity in Oncomelania hupensis and observe its inhibitory effect on bacterial growth.Methods Soft tissues of Oncomelania hupensis were initially homogenized and immersed in Tris-HCl-TritonX-114 buffer solution for 24 hours then the supernatant was collected after centrifugation at 10 000 × g for 10 minutes.The supernatant was incubated in a 37 ℃ water bath for 15 minutes and centrifuged again at 2000 × g for 10 minutes.The precipitate was put into ultrafiltration tube (relative retention molecular mass =3000) and centrifuged at 4 ℃,5 000 × g for 30 minute to obtain concentrated enzyme.The protein content,lysozyme activity and the antibacterial effect on Micrococcus lysodeikticus,Shigella dysenteriae,Staphylococcus aureus,Escherichia coli and Candida albicans were measured with bicinchonininc acid(BCA) method,turbidimetric method and agar diffusion (K-B) method,respectively.Results The antibacterial protein lysozyme was identified in gastropod protein concentration of the concentrated enzyme was 3.428 g/L.Average activity,total activity,and specific activity were (760 ± 120) × 103 U/L,(1520 ± 240) × 103 U/L and (221.70 ± 35.00)U/mg,respectively.The enzyme had produced exclusive inhibitory effects on growth of Micrococcus lysodeikticus and Shigella dysenteriae.Average inhibitory diameters were 10-12 and 12-15 mm,respectively.No inhibition zone was observed in saline control,Staphylococcus aureus,Escherichia coli and Candida albicans.Conclusions Lysozyme can be extracted from soft tissues of Oncomelania hupensis with Tris-HCl-TritonX-114 buffer solution,and the enzyme has inhibitory effect on growth of Micrococcus lysodeikticus and Shigella dysenteriae but has no antibacterial effect on Staphylococcus aureus,Escherichia coli and Candida albicans.

Objective To investigate the effects of early rehabilitative training program on patients with acute myocardial infarction(AMI).Methods One hundred and twenty-two patients with AMI were randomly divided into early rehabilitation group(n=62)and control group(n=60).In addition to routine treatment,patients in rehabilitation group received early rehabilitative training mainly by walking exercise for two weeks.Results There were no significant differences in ventricular arrhythmia(Lown≥Ⅲ), extension of infarction and heart rate variability(HRV)between the two groups(P＞0.05).Forty of 62 patients(64.5%)in rehabilitation group had their left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF)more than or equal to 50% in the 3~(rd)～4~(th)week after admission,significantly higher than that in control group(45.0%, 27/60 ;P＜0.01 ).By the end of the 4~(th)week after admission,25.8% of the patients in rehabilitation group showed positive in treadmill test,significantly lower than that in control group(38.3%,P＜0.01). Occurrence of angina pectoris and reinfarction and fatality in rehabilitation group were significantly lower than those in control group(P＜0.05)during their hospitalization and follow-up period.Patients in rehabilitation group stayed at hospital for(16?3)days in average,significantly less than that in control group[(27?4) days],with statistically significant difference(P＜0.05).Conclusion Early rehabilitative training for patients with uncomplicated AMI is not only safe and feasible,but also useful in improvement for their prognosis and quality of life.

Axons ; chemistry ; Myelin Sheath ; chemistry ; Staining and Labeling ; methods

Objective To explore the effect of aerobic exercise on patients with laryngeal cancer related fatigue status.Methods 56 cases of patients with laryngeal cancer were randomly divided into intervention group and control group, each group was 28 cases. Control group moved by themselves according to the physical condition of patients after discharge; intervention group was held regular movement according to the nurses making the exercise prescription for them, assessed the fatigue status of patients with laryngeal cancer by revised Chinese version of the Piper Fatigue Scale respectively before the intervention in patient (at discharge) and operated after two months.Results The difference of fatigue scores of the two groups before intervention (at discharge) do not reach statistical significance (P>0.05); and the fatigue scores of the two groups after intervention was significantly different (P<0.05 or P<0.01).Conclusions Aerobic exercise can eliminate or alleviate the patient's fatigue, increase quality of life.

Objective To summarize effect of application of Damage Controlled Surgery (DCS) in abdominal serious and key points in nursing.Methods We retrospectively reviewed clinical data of 76 patients treated by DCS from 2008.1 to 2010.12.Key points of nursing:( 1 ) first stage:nursing in simplifying surgery;(2) second stage:nursing in resuscitation; (3) third stage:nursing in determining surgery.Results DCS was performed in all the 76 patients.Then 30 patients recovered and 42 patients underwent operations again.The cure rate was 94.7％ (72/76).The mortality rate was 5.1％ (4/76),which had nothing to do with DCS.Conclusions The effect of DCS surpasses the conventional operation in serious abdominal diseases.A reasonable application and nursing care of DCS can reduce patient' s postoperative complications and death rate.These nursing measures are assurance of putting DCS in action successfully for patients.