Objective: To discuss the entry point of clinical pharmacists for providing pharmaceutical care in clinics. Methods:Clinical pharmacists participated in making drug treatment regimen for one child with nephritic type NS combined with hypertension,and provide pharmaceutical care and medical education for the patient. Results: According to the situation of the patient, the treatment regimen was made out, evaluated and adjusted, and ADR was dealt with in time, therefore, the individualized treatment showed obvious effect, and the child was discharged with an improved condition. Conclusion: Clinical pharmacists can participate in clinical treatment with pharmaceutical professional knowledge to ensure safer and more effective drug use in child patients.

Objective To explore the improvement method for blood collection via arteria radialis among elderly patientsMethods 188 patients were received radial artery puncture with tradtional way (92 cases) and allen way (96 cases). First puncture success rate and subjective feeling were compared between two ways. Results First puncture success rate of allen way was higher than that of traditional way (P<0.01). Pain of patients in alien way were lower than that of tradional way (P<0.01). Conclusions Mien way of radial artery puncture is better in first puncture success rate and subjective feeling of patients, and allen way is easy to master and is worthy generalization in clinical practice.

Biomarkers, Tumor ; metabolism ; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; pathology ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; pathology ; Oncogene Proteins, Fusion ; chemistry ; metabolism ; Protein Kinase Inhibitors ; therapeutic use ; Pyrazoles ; therapeutic use ; Pyridines ; therapeutic use ; Pyrimidines ; therapeutic use ; Smoking

Genomic DNA of two fungi Thamnidium elegans and Umbelopsis isabellina were extracted with an amended Cetyltrimethyl Ammonium Bromide (CTAB) method. This modified method uses repeated freezing in liquid nitrogen and thawing with combination of shocking with glass beads to replace of the tra- ditional method. Quality and concentration of DNA extracted by the modified methodwere tested. Compared with the traditional method, higher yield and purity of genomic DNA were obtained with less amount ofmy- celium. The result indicted that this is a simple and highly efficient method, which is suitable to treat many samples at one time and for basic molecular experiments, such as restriction endonuclease reaction and PCR.

OBJECTIVETo observe the efficacy difference of electroacupuncture and auricular acupuncture in the treatment of methamphetamine withdrawal syndrome.

METHODSNinety male patients of methamphetamine addiction were randomized into an electroacupuncture group, an auricular acupuncture group and a control group, 30 cases in each one. In the electroacupuncture group, Neiguan (PC 6), Shenmen (HT 7), Zusanli (ST 36), Sanyinjiao (SP 6), Jiaji (EX-B 2) at T5 and L2 were selected bilaterally. In the auricular acupuncture group, jiaogan (AH(6a)), shenmen (TF4), fei (CO14) and gan (CO12) were selected unilaterally. The treatment was given 3 times a week, totally 12 treatments were required. In the control group, no any intervention was applied. Separately, before treatment and after 1, 2, 3 and 4 weeks treatment, the scores of methamphetamine withdrawal syndrome, Hamilton anxiety scale and Hamilton depression scale were observed in each group.

RESULTSThe total score of methamphetamine withdrawal syndrome, anxiety score and depression score were obviously reduced in 2, 3 and 4 weeks of treatment as compared with those before treatment in the electroacupuncture group and the auricular acupuncture group (all P < 0.05), and showed a trend of gradual decline as the extension of treatment. In 1,2,3,4 weeks of treatment, the total score of withdrawal syndrome, anxiety score and depression score in the electroacupuncture group and auricular acupuncture group were lower significantly than those in the control group (all P < 0.05), in which, the total score of withdrawal syndrome in the electroacupuncture group was lower significantly than that in the auricular acupuncture group in the 4th week of treatment (3.69 +/- 2.446 vs 5.73 +/- 3.169, P < 0.05); the anxiety scores were lower significantly than those in the auricular acupuncture group in 3 and 4 weeks of treatment (8.19 +/- 4.57 vs 9.65 +/- 4.24, 5.27 +/- 2.89 vs 7.38 +/- 3.10, both P < 0.05); the depression scores were lower significantly than those in the auricular acupuncture group in 2, 3 and 4 weeks of treatment (15.35 +/- 5.64 vs 19.81 +/- 5.37, 10.96 +/- 4.52 vs 15.00 +/- 4.53, 7.96 +/- 2.69 vs 12.35 +/- 3.59, all P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONElectroacupuncture at the body points and auricular acupuncture play the therapeutic role in the treatment of methamphetamine withdrawal syndrome, anxiety and depression. The longer time the treatment is with electroacupuncture at the body points, the more obvious the efficacy will be on the above symptoms.

Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture, Ear ; Adult ; Electroacupuncture ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Methamphetamine ; adverse effects ; Middle Aged ; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome ; etiology ; therapy ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult

Objective Discuss the nursing interventions for reducing the VAP incidence for aged critical patients. Methods The clinical data of 148 patients of more than 65 years with mechanical ventilation (MV) were analyzed retrospectively. The incidence of VAP and the fatality rate were observed. Results 43 cases were confirmed with VAP in 148 patients, the incidence rate was 29.1%. 24 patients died from severe primary diseases or/and multiple organ failure. Conclusions For patients with mechanical ventilation, strict procedure, micromesh basic nursing were vital for prevention and reduction of the incidence of VAP.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the relation between the progressive effects of chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH) on cognitive function and the change of cholinergic neuron.

METHODSForty adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly averagely divided into four groups: control group, CIH 1 week group, CIH 3 week group and CIH 5 week group. The cognitive function was assessed by the Morris Water Maze. The necrosis neurons in prefrontal cortex and hippocampus were observed and counted. The cholin acetyltransferase (ChAT) immunostained cells in prefrontal cortex and hippocampus were identified and quantitated.

RESULTSThe spatial learning and memory impairments progressed from 1 to 5 5 weeks in rats. Compared with the control group, the cognitive impairments in CIH5w group were significant (P < 0.05). The degeneration or necrosis neurons in prefrontal cortex and hippocampus were significantly increased in CIH rats, and worsen gradually along with the hypoxia. The ChAT immunostained cells in prefrontal cortex and hippocampus were gradually reduced. The ChAT immunostained cells of prefrontal cortex and hippocampus in CIH3w group and CIH5w group were less than that in control group (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONChronic intermittent hypoxia induced slowly progressive spatial learning and memory impairments in rats, which maybe associated with the damage of neurons and the reduction of ChAT in prefrontal cortex and hippocampus.

Animals ; Cholinergic Fibers ; pathology ; physiology ; Cholinergic Neurons ; pathology ; physiology ; Cognition ; physiology ; Hippocampus ; cytology ; physiopathology ; Hypoxia ; physiopathology ; Male ; Maze Learning ; physiology ; Memory Disorders ; etiology ; physiopathology ; Prefrontal Cortex ; cytology ; physiopathology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

Objective To explore methods that could improve the anxiety level and sleep disturbance in outpatients who were suffering from chronic diseases. Methods A total of 60 outpatients who had been receiving intravenous infusion as their current treatment and showed high levels of anxiety and sleep disturbance were recruited and randomized to 2 groups: Experimental Group ( n = 30 ) and Control Group ( n = 30 ). Patients in the Experimental Group were trained 4 weeks relaxation program by nurses, while patients in the Control Group received regular intravenous infusion following prescriptions. The Self-rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) and Athens Insomnia Scale (AIS) were administered pre and post intervention. Results The results revealed that there were statistically lower in Experimental Group than in Control Group with respect to anxiety level and sleep disturbance. Conclusions Relaxation training could improve anxiety level and sleep disturbance in outpatients of chronic diseases.

This study investigated the effect of arctigenin (Arc) on the cell activation, cytokines expression, proliferation, and cell-cycle distribution of mouse T lymphocytes. Mouse lymphocytes were prepared from lymph node and treated with Phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA)/Ionimycin (Ion) and/or Arc. CD69, CD25, cytokines, proliferation and cell cycle were assayed by flow cytometry. The results showed that, at concentrations of less than 1.00 micromol x L(-1), Arc expressed non-obvious cell damage to cultured lymphocytes, however, it could significantly down-regulate the expression of CD69 and CD25, as well as TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6 and IL-10 on PMA/Ion stimulated lymphocytes. At the same time, Arc could also inhibit the proliferation of PMA/Ion-activated lymphocytes and exhibited lymphocyte G 0/G1 phase cycle arrest. These results suggest that Arc possesses significant anti-inflammatory effects that may be mediated through the regulation of cell activation, cytokines expression and cell proliferation.
Animals ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Antigens, CD ; metabolism ; Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte ; metabolism ; Arctium ; chemistry ; Cell Cycle Checkpoints ; drug effects ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Cytokines ; metabolism ; Female ; Furans ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Interferon-gamma ; metabolism ; Interleukin-10 ; metabolism ; Interleukin-2 ; metabolism ; Interleukin-2 Receptor alpha Subunit ; metabolism ; Interleukin-4 ; metabolism ; Interleukin-6 ; metabolism ; Ionomycin ; pharmacology ; Lectins, C-Type ; metabolism ; Lignans ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Lymphocyte Activation ; drug effects ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; T-Lymphocytes ; cytology ; drug effects ; immunology ; Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate ; pharmacology ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; metabolism

Gamma-linolenic acid (GLA, C18:3delta6 ,9,12), an essential polyunsaturated fatty acid, plays an important role in hormone regulation and fatty acid metabolization. Delta6-fatty acid desaturase (D6D) is the rate-limiting enzyme of the desaturation of linoleic acid (C18:2delta9,12) in the production of gamma-linolenic acid. A deficiency of GLA may have occurred when delta6-fatty acid desaturase activity decreases in aging, stress, diabetes, eczema, and some infections. To establish a new expression system for delta6-fatty acid desaturase gene in Pichia pastoris, which is an increasingly popular heterologous gene expression system, a gene encoding delta6-fatty acid desaturase from Mortieralla alpina was isolated by PCR amplification. The PCR product was then digested by EcoR I and Not I and subcloned into the intracellular expression vector pPIC3.5K to generate the recombinant vector pPIC3.5K-MA6. The resulting vector was linearized by Sac I and electroporated into P. pastoris SMD1168 (his- pep-) host cells. After electroporation, aliquots were spreaded on the MDS plates and incubated at 30 degrees C for three days until colonies appeared. Those transformants were subsequently screened for clones with high copy number by using the YPD plates containing G418. To identify the D6D constructs that were produced, chromosomal DNA of the transformants were prepared and used as template for PCR with the primer 5' AOX and 3' AOX. The PCR product of Mut+ recombinants was shown as a band of 1.38 kb of D6D gene and the product of 2.2 kb of AOX1 gene, while the product of Mut(s) transformants only was shown as a band of 1.38 kb of the D6D gene.To further confirm the transformants containing a functional D6D gene, the positive clones were selected and induced by methanol for expression. Those induced cultures were taken for analyses of the intracellular fatty acid composition by GC. The resultant chromatograms of fatty acid methyl esters showed that a novel peak was detected, which was not apparent in the case of control. Comparisons of the retention times of the newly yielded peaks with those of authentic standards have anticipated that the fatty acid is GLA. And this prospects was positively supported by definitive assignments of the compounds by GCMS analyses. Thus, the active delta6-fatty acid desaturase was expressed intracellularly in P. pastoris and gamma-linolenic acid reached 16.26% of the total fatty acid in recombinant P. pastoris strains. It was the first report about the expression of Mortieralla alpina D6D gene in P. pastoris.
Cloning, Molecular ; Fatty Acids ; analysis ; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry ; Linoleoyl-CoA Desaturase ; genetics ; Mortierella ; enzymology ; genetics ; Pichia ; genetics ; Plasmids ; gamma-Linolenic Acid ; analysis