4 weeks of arrested embryos.The AAH expression was found to have the similar result as HIF-1?'s.Conclusions The expression level of HIF-1? and AAH in villi of missed abortion patients is much lower than that of normal early pregnant women.HIF-1? and AAH have a function of supporting normal pregnancy,so their low expression may be an important cause of missed abortion.

Acute Disease ; Adult ; Female ; Herbicides ; poisoning ; Humans ; Inflammation ; therapy ; Male ; Paraquat ; poisoning ; Poisoning ; therapy ; Retrospective Studies ; Survival Rate ; Young Adult

Objective To report 6 cases of hydroa vacciniforme-like cutaneous lymphoma,and to inves- tigate the relationship between this disorder and Epstein-Barr virus(EBV)infection.Methods Pathological and immunohistochemical examinations were performed in the biopsy specimens obtained from all 6 patients. Skin lesions were subjected to EBV encoded RNA(EBER)detection by in situ hybridization.Serological assay and quantification of EBV DNA were performed.Results All the 6 patients had recurrent papules, papulovesicles,necrosis and variola-like scar with chronic intermittent fever;four of the patients also presented with edema of the face,hands and feet.Pathologically,there were multilocular vesicles in the epidermis,and large numbers of infiltrating lymphocytes through the dermis.The cells were atypical with mitotic figures. Immunohistochemical staining of the lesions of 4 patients showed large quantities of cells expressing CD56, scattered cells expressing CD3 and CD45RO,and cells expressing grazyme B and T cell intracellular antigen-1 (TIA-1);a diagnosis of hydroa vacciniforme-like cutaneous NK/T lymphoma was made in these 4 cases. In the lesions of another 2 patients,the cells expressing CD3 and CD45RO,but not CD56,were observed; the diagnosis of hydroa vacciniforme-like cutaneous T-cell lymphoma was made in them.EBER was detected in the tumor cells of all the 6 patients.The IgG titers of anti-Epstein-Barr viral capsid antigen increased in all patients(1:5120 in 2 cases,1:2560 in 2 cases,1:1280 in 2 cases).The copies of EBV DNA were increased in the peripheral blood of both the two detected cases.A chronic active EBV infection was confirmed in all patients.Conclusions Hydroa vacciniforme-like cutaneous lymphoma is clinically characterized by edema of face,hands and feet,vesicular eruptions and variola like scars;histologically,it is characterized by infiltrates of atypical cells consistent with lymphoma,and necrosis in the center of vessels.NK/T is the primary immunophenotype of this disease.There is a close association between chronic active EBV infection and hydroa vacciniforme-like cutaneous lymphoma.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the clinical characteristics of children with Castleman's disease and to improve doctors' awareness of this disease.

METHODSClinical characteristics of 5 cases with Castleman's disease were observed and analyzed and relevant reports in literature were reviewed.

RESULTS(1) All the five patients' histories were long, and the first symptoms of them were painless lymphnode enlargement, and all of them were at school age; 3 patients' abdominal lymphnodes were enlarged, mediastinum lymphnodes enlarged in 3 cases, cervical lymphnodes were involved in 3 cases; (2) The clinical subtypes: the disease in 3 cases was localized Castleman's disease (LCD), all of their pathological subtype was hyaline vascular variant (HV). The rest of them were multicentric Castleman's disease (MCD), whose pathology was plasma cell variant (PC), and both of them had a febrile symptoms; (3) The white blood cells, C-reactive protein and ferritin levels were all elevated to different extents. Four of them had viral infections, and their cellular immune function was abnormal; (4) The LCD patients' prognosis was good after the complete resection. There is no standard therapy for MCD, the available therapies include antiviral, immune modulatory regimens, CD20 B cell monoclonal antibody and chemotherapy, but the prognosis was worse than that of LCD.

CONCLUSIONSCastleman's disease is rare in children, which can be misdiagnosed because it has no specific manifestations. The prognosis depends on the subtype.

Castleman Disease ; diagnosis ; Child ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies

OBJECTIVETo explore the mechanism of electroacupuncture therapy on Parkinson's disease (PD).

METHODSFifty Wistar rats were randomly divided into a normal group, a sham-operation group, a model group, a Fengfu-Taichong group and a Shuanggu Yitong group. PD model was duplicated by microinjection of 6-Hydroxyl-Dopamine into right corpora striata, and by microinjection of normal saline in sham-operation group. Rats in normal group, sham-operation group and model group were not treated. In Fengfu-Taichong group, the rats were treated by electroacupuncture at "Fengfu" (GV 16) and "Taichong" (LR 3) on the basis of the PD model, and by electroacupuncture at "Fengfu" (GV 16), "Taichong" (LR 3), "Guanyuan" (CV 4) and "Zusanli" (ST 36) in Shuanggu Yitong group, once daily for 2 weeks. GDNF and Ret expression were detected by immunohistochemistry and western blotting, respectively.

RESULTSThe number of GDNF positive cells and the content of Ret receptor increased significantly in the two electroacupuncture groups compared with those in the other groups (all P < 0.01), and the expression of GDNF increased significantly in Shuanggu Yitong group compared with that in Fengfu-Taichong group (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONElectroacupuncture can not only increase the expression of GDNF, but also enhance its effect. "Shuanggu Yitong" method is better than simple acupuncture at "Fengfu" (GV 16) and "Taichong" (LR 3) in increasing expression of GDNF.

Animals ; DNA-Binding Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Disease Models, Animal ; Electroacupuncture ; Gene Expression ; Glial Cell Line-Derived Neurotrophic Factor ; genetics ; metabolism ; Humans ; Nuclear Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Parkinson Disease ; genetics ; metabolism ; therapy ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar

OBJECTIVETo investigate the clinical manifestations, pathological characteristics and treatment of primitive neuroectodermal tumor/Ewing's sarcoma (PNET/EWS) of the penis in children.

METHODSWe analyzed the clinical data of a case of PNET/EWS and reviewed relevant literature.

RESULTSThe patient was a 5-year-old boy, admitted for penis swelling with pain for 11 months. Biopsy showed a small round cell tumor, CD99 positive by immunohistochemical staining, with EWS translocation by fluorescence in situ hybridization on molecular biological examination. The tumor was confirmed to be PNET/EWS of the penis, and disappeared after 45 weeks of chemotherapy and local radiotherapy.

CONCLUSIONPNET/EWS of the penis is an extremely rare disease, with no specific clinical symptoms except penis enlargement with pain. Immunohistochemistry and molecular biological examination contribute to its diagnosis.

Child, Preschool ; Humans ; Male ; Neuroectodermal Tumors, Primitive, Peripheral ; Penile Neoplasms ; Sarcoma, Ewing

OBJECTIVETo explore the role of inflammatory reaction mediated by p38-mitogen activated protein kinase (p38-MAPK) signal path on prevention and treatment of Parkinson disease (PD) model rats by electroacupuncture (EA).

METHODSThirty-two healthy male SD rats were randomly divided into a normal group, a sham operation group, a model group and an EA group, eight rats in each one. The PD model was established in the model group and EA group by subcutaneous injection of rotenone in skin-back area (2 mg/kg, dissolved in sunflower oil, 2 mg/mL in density), while the injection of sunflower oil emulsion without rotenone at the same point and quantity as the model group was applied in the sham operation group. The normal group was not given any intervention. The EA treatment (continuous wave, 2 Hz in frequency, 1 mA in intensity, 20 min) was applied at "Fengfu" (GV 16) and "Taichong" (LR 3) in the EA group, once a day for continuously 14 days. No treatment was given in the other groups. The expression of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), phosphorylated p38-MAPK, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in the substantia nigra were detected with immunohistochemical method.

RESULTSThere was typical PD ethology change in the model group. Compared with the normal group and sham operation group, the expression of TH positive neuron in the substantia nigra in the model group was significantly decreased, while the expression of phosphorylated p38-MAPK and COX-2 were significantly increased (all P < 0.01). Compared with the model group, the expression of TH positive neuron in the EA group was apparently increased, while the expression of phosphorylated p38-MAPK and COX-2 were significantly decreased (all P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONThe EA therapy could obviously reduce the expression of inflammation mediator COX-2, inhibit the phosphorylation of p38-MAPK, reduce the damage of dopaminergic neurons in the rats with PD, and this effect may be related with the impact of p38-MAPK signal path

Animals ; Cyclooxygenase 2 ; genetics ; metabolism ; Electroacupuncture ; Humans ; Male ; Parkinson Disease ; enzymology ; genetics ; therapy ; Phosphorylation ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Substantia Nigra ; enzymology ; Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase ; genetics ; metabolism ; p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases ; genetics ; metabolism

OBJECTIVEAcute interstitial pneumonia (AIP) is a rare lung interstitial disease in children. This study was conducted to understand the clinical features of the AIP in children.

METHODThe data of the three cases with AIP admitted to our hospital from March 2008 to November 2009 were reviewed. Of the 3 cases, 2 were male, one was female. Their age ranged from 1 year and 4 months to 10 years. The clinical manifestation, pulmonary function test and the high resolution computed tomography (HRCT) and pathology of the lung were studied retrospectively. Tissue specimens of the lung were obtained by video-assisted thoracoscopic biopsy. Viral etiologic examinations for the respiratory syncytial virus, adenovirus, influenza virus, parainfluenza viruses, EB virus, cytomegalovirus, enterovirus and herpes simplex virus were performed. The IgM antibody to Mycoplasma pneumoniae in the serum was also detected.

RESULTAll the 3 cases rapidly developed respiratory failure of unknown origin, none of these cases had failure of any other organs. All three cases had cough and dyspnea. No case had the rales and digital clubbing. The examinations for viruses, bacteria and Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection were all negative. No evidence for the diagnosis of connective tissue disease was obtained. The HRCT of the chest showed diffuse alveolar consolidation, air bronchogram and ground glass appearance in the bilateral lungs, and the traction-associated bronchiectasis in areas. All the three cases had the histological proof of diffuse alveolar damage by the biopsy. All the three cases were treated with CPAP and corticosteroid. Two cases were treated with corticosteroid in early stage of the disease, the condition of these cases were improved obviously. The third case was treated with high-dose steroid pulse therapy days, the condition of this case was improved slightly in a month. One year follow-up showed that case 1 and case 2 had no hypoxemia and the HRCT of the chest showed obvious improvement. The pulmonary function of case 2 had restrictive deficiency.

CONCLUSIONAIP has a rapidly progressive clinical course leading to respiratory failure. The HRCT of the chest showed alveolar consolidation and ground glass-like change. The pathology of the lung includes diffuse alveolar damage. The prognosis of the AIP in children may be improved by the treatment with respiratory assistance and corticosteroids.

Acute Disease ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Lung Diseases, Interstitial ; diagnosis ; pathology ; therapy ; Male ; Respiratory Insufficiency

OBJECTIVETo summarize the clinical features and to evaluate outcomes and to assess therapeutic effects in 34 children and adolescents with Hodgkin lymphoma treated with risk-adapted combination chemotherapy and low-dose, involved-field radiation therapy (IFRT) in China.

METHODFrom January 2003 to April 2009, 34 hospitalized children with Hodgkin lymphoma were enrolled into the BCH-HL 2003 protocol (revised CCG 5942) in our hospital. Pathological samples were reviewed centrally and classified based on the World Health Organization guidelines. Staging was based on clinical evaluation and was defined by the Ann Arbor staging system. The 34 patients were treated according to the different risk factors in three treatment groups (standard, intermediate, and high risk), and received risk-adapted combination chemotherapy and IFRT. All analyses were calculated by the statistical program SPSS.

RESULTOf the 34 Hodgkin lymphoma patients, 28 were male and 6 were female. The median age was 8.7 years (range from 4 years to 15 years) at the time of diagnosis. In terms of clinical presentation, 53% had bulky lymph nodes, 47.1% had more than 4 node regions involved and 44% had "B" symptoms at presentation. The distribution for stage of disease was 0% for Stage I, 21% for Stage II, 35% for Stage III and 44% for Stage IV disease. All patients had classical histology consisting of three different sub-discipline: 22 cases of mixed cellularity (64.7%). In pathological samples of 25 cases there was EBV encoded RNA (EBER) or latent membrane protein (LMP) staining. The overall survival (OS) was 100% and the 5-year event-free survival was 94.1% with a median follow-up of (26.1 ± 16.3) months. Two patients had early relapse after treatment was finished. Organ toxicity was limited to hematological grades III and IV at rates of 40% and 71% respectively.

CONCLUSIONChildhood Hodgkin lymphoma in our study was more frequently seen in male school aged children. Combined-modality therapy using risk-adapted chemotherapy with radiation is effective and well tolerated. The overall prognosis was good.

Adolescent ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Combined Modality Therapy ; Female ; Hodgkin Disease ; therapy ; Humans ; Male ; Risk Factors ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVETo investigate the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of extranodal Rosai-Dorfman disease.

METHODSTwo cases of extranodal Rosai-Dorfman disease were studied using hematoxylin-eosin, and immunohistochemical staining, along with a literature review.

RESULTSThe lesions of RDD were characterized by the presence of large histiocytes with emperipolesis, accompanied by infiltration of lymphocytes, plasma cells and other inflammatory cells. The large histiocytes had an abundant cytoplasm, pale to eosinophilic in appearance, positive for S-100 protein staining, with a vesicular nucleus and a small basophilic nucleolus in each cell.

CONCLUSIONSExtranodal Rosai-Dorfman disease is known as an idiopathic proliferative disease of histiocytes with a distinct morphologic feature and is very rare. Differential diagnosis from other types of fibrohistiocytic proliferation lesions is recommended.

Antigens, CD ; metabolism ; Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic ; metabolism ; Brain ; pathology ; surgery ; Brain Diseases ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Dermatologic Surgical Procedures ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Histiocytosis, Sinus ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; S100 Proteins ; metabolism ; Skin ; pathology ; Skin Diseases ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery