Several hot questions such as selection of patients and favorable time of transplantation, design of conditioning regimen, monitoring of chimerism and complication of graft versus host disease (GVHD) in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation following reduced intensity regimen (RIC-HSCT) as salvage therapy for refractory leukemia are discussed in this article. More and more investigators began to recognize that it was not a fundamental to undergo transplantation in complete remission for patients with refractory leukemia, since it may expend patients' physical status. RIC-HSCT may be substantially considered as a kind of adoptive immunotherapy, so that immunologic attacking targets and the latency of immunoreactian must be considered when making the decision to use, lacking of attacking targets and rapidly growing diseases seemed to be less susceptible to control. Commonly used reduced intensity regimens differed significantly, but it was clear that dose intensity was very important in refractory leukemia. In fact, many investigators used intermediate dosage between criteria of non-myeloablative and conventional myeloablative regimens. Complete donor chimerism is the hallmark of engraftment but often delayed in RIC-HSCT. Since sustained complete donor chimerism induced persistent graft-versus-leukemia (GVL) effect play an important role in patients' long-term survival, it was recommended that sensitive techniques (eg. STR-PCR) should be used to analysis chimerism and should be measured more frequently (every 2-4 weeks), and lineage-specific chimerism (eg. T cell) analysis was also recommended. As compared with traditional HSCT, the incidences of acute and chronic GVHD are similar and the onset of GVHD is associated with the GVL effect. Decrease or interruption of immunosuppressive drugs early after transplantation and donor lymphocyte infusion may facilitate transformation to complete donor chimerism, so that it may benefit patients with advanced disease at time of transplantation from avoiding disease relapse in one hand, but may induce GVHD in the other hand.

Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy can be used to both identify and quantify chemicals from complex mixtures. Over the last several decades, significant technical and experimental advances have made quantitative nuclear magnetic resonance (qNMR) a valuable analytical tool for quantitative measurements of a wide variety of samples. This particular approach is now being exploited to characterize the metabolomes of many different biological samples and is called quantitative metabolomics or targeted metabolic profiling. In this review, some of the strengths, limitations of NMR-based quantitative metabolomics will be discussed as well as the practical considerations necessary for acquisition with an emphasis on their use for bioanalysis. Recent examples of the application of this particular approach to metabolomics studies will be also presented.
Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Metabolome ; Metabolomics ; methods

Objective To study the pollution levels,characteristics,causes and related adverse effects of indoor volatile organic compounds(VOCs) on human health after decoration. Methods The concentration of indoor air formaldehyde and TVOC were detected,meanwhile the adverse health effects were investigated by questionnaires. Result The results showed that the houses in which formaldehyde concentration exceeded the national indoor air quality standard occupied 47.1%, and three months later, the rate still was 40%,the highest level was 6.56 times of the standard. While the rate of exceed the national standard of TVOC was 76% within one month and 0% three months later respectively. As far as the concerned subjective syndromes, only the complaint of disgusted smell was significantly different between those who lived in newly decorated rooms and those who lived in the houses which taken as the control. Conclusion Now the pollution level of VOCs caused by decoration is some lower than before,but the pollution of formaldehyde was still pervasive and serious. The causes of pollution lay in artificial board materials used for furniture and decoration. Moreover, the complaints of the discomfort of eyes and upper respiratory tract will increase as people moved in the newly decorated rooms.

PBL tutoring is quite different from the traditional tutoring and emphasizes the importance of student-centred instead of teacher-centred education.In PBL,teachers guide students to find answers to their own questions and facilitate students' learning process.Therefore,the tutor role is complex and has a fundamental change.

ObjectiveTo investigate sleep disorder of patients with depression and find out the regularity.Methods78 depression cases in the east-region of Shenyang were evaluated by Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) questionnaire and mental health symptom checklist-90 (SCL-90). The results were contrasted with normal control group.Results63 depression cases (80%) had sleep disorder (PSQI scores≥8) and were significantly higher than normal control group. The PSQI evaluation showed that sleep quality, enter-sleep time, sleep efficiency, sleep disorder, hypnotige drugs, function of daytime and total scores of PSQI of the depression group were significantly higher than that of normal control group (P<0.05～0.01). The SCL-90 test showed that scores of somatic, obsessive, depressive, anxiety, phobia, paranoid and mental-illness, etc. and total quota of bad-sleep quality group were significantly higher than that of the fine-sleep quality group (P<0.05～0.01).ConclusionDepression patients have significantly descent in sleep quality, latter is often closely related to the mental psychotic expressiveness of somatic, obsession, depression, anxiety, phobia, etc.

Objective To investigate the influence of nebulized Pulmieort respules inhalation after endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS)on the expression of epithelial Na~+ channel(ENaC)protein in nasal mucosa. Methods Forty-four patients with nasal polyps undergoing ESS were randomly divided into Pulmieort respules treatment group(n=21,nebulized Pulmieort respules inhalation for 10 d after ESS)and Rhinocort control group(n=23,Rhinoeort aqueous nasal spray for 10 d after ESS).All the patients were performed biopsy of membrane on the residual middle turbinate 14 d after ESS,eosinophils (Eos)and neutrophils(Neu)per hundred inflammation cells were counted under microscope during ESS and after ESS,and the expression of ENaC protein was detected by immunofluorescence assay. Results The percentages of Eos and Neu decreased in two groups after treatment,and the percentage of Neu in Pulmieort respules treatment group was significantly lower than that in Rhinoeort control group(P<0.05).The expression of ENaC protein after treatment in Pulmieort respules treatment group was significantly lower than that in Rhinoeort control group(P<0.01). Conclusion Application of pulmieort respules after ESS can decrease Neu infiltration and inhibit expression of ENaC protein,which can relieve acute inflammation and edema of nasal mucosa.

To explore the clinical characteristic and intervention strategies for pregnancy complicated with heart failure. The clinical data of 67 pregnant women with heart failure during January 1998 to December 2010 were collected and analyzed.The rate of heart failure in pregnancy with heart diseases was 31％ (67/216).The causes of pregnancy complicated with heart failure were peripartum cardiomyopathy ( n =33,49％ ) and hypertensive disorder complicating with pregnancy heart disease( n =28,42％ ).Heart failure in pregnancy appeared at an average of (36.0 ± 2.7 ) weeks.The average terminating time of pregnant women with heart failure was ( 36.5 ± 2.1 ) weeks.Cesarean section was the main safe choice of delivery for pregnant women with heart failure.The average weight of newborns for pregnant women with heart failure was(2517 ±541 )g.The rate of neonatal asphyxia was 22％ (11/50).Strengthening routine antenatal examination and treating pregnant complications timely can prevent and reduce the incidence of heart failure.

OBJECTIVE:To establish a HPLC method for determining the contents of rhein and emodin in Jianfei Jiangzhi tablets.METHODS:Stationary phase was Waters Symmetry C 18 (250mm?4.6mm;5?m),mobile phase was menthol-0.01%H 3 PO 4 (90∶10),detection wavelength440nm,flow rate1.0ml/min and column temperature30℃.RESULTS:There was good linearity in range of0.108?g～0.468?g for rhein and in range of0.180?g～0.480?g for emodin.The average recoveries of rhein and emodin were99.7%and98.6%respectively;RSD were1.93%and2.19%respectively.CONCLUSION:This method is rapid and accurate.It can be applied to effective control of the quality of Jianfei Jiangzhi tablet.

Objective:To investigate the behavior of tobacco use among migrants in construction sites and explore the associated factors .Methods: A total of 652 migrants in 10 construction sites were selected in Xi’ an and Tongchuan .Chi-square and logistic regression were used to analyze the influencing factors of tobacco use.Results:The average age of the migrants in the construction site was (38.23 ± 10.61), and males occupied 82.7%(535/647) of the total.The current smoking rate of the migrants was 55.8%(364/652), with 64.3%(344/535) in males and 14.3%(16/112) in females.82.5%(329/399) smokers wanted to quit smoke , however only 52.7%(210/399) had tried quitting smoking in action, and 8.8%(35/399) quitted smoking successfully .Multivariable regression indicated that the migrants who were at lower age , and sick within 2 weeks, had perceived not difficult to stop smoking and who disagree with the benefits of smoking were more likely to try to quit smoking .Conclusion:Migrants in construction sites show their characteristics of old age , low level of health literacy , male-domination , high smoking rate and high intention of quitting smoking .Tobacco control projects should be implemented in construction sites to promote the translation of smoking quitting intention into action .

Background and purpose:The patients with aggressive lymphoma who have a poor prognosis and unlikely to be cured with conventional chemotherapy. This study was aimed to evaluate the effect of high-dose etoposide in mobilization followed auto-SCT in treating refractory lymphoma. Methods:40 patients [median age 33 (13-61) years] with refractory non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL, n=32) or Hodgkin’s lymphoma (HD, n=8) received high-dose etoposide [VP16 10-15 mg/(kg·d)×2 d] in mobilization in our center. Remission status prior to mobilization was PD (n=40). The use of such granulocyte colony-stimulating factor [G-CSF, 5-10μg/(kg·d)] mobilized peripheral blood stem cells (PBSC) after high-dose etoposide until the end of leukapheresis. Peripheral blood stem cell was collected and frozen in-80℃refrigerator. All these patients received auto peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (auto-PBSCT). Conditioning regimen was BEAM (n=19, 47.5%) or CBV (n=21, 52.5%). Results:Twenty-eight pa-tients (70%) were assessable for response after high-dose etoposide at a median pretreatment time of 39 days (range 17-172 days), 12 patients (30%) had no response. Median follow-up of 28 (4-66) months, 16 patients (40%) reached CR after auto-PBSCT. Fifteen of the 28 patients (53.6%) who had response to high-dose etoposide reached CR, 4 patients (14.3%) reached PR, 9 patients (32.1%) succumb to progression of disease. One of the 12 patients (8.3%) who had no response to high-dose etoposide reached CR, 1 patients (8.3%) reached PR, 10 patients (83.4%) succumb to progression of disease. The estimated 1-year OS and EFS were 69%and 56.7%respectively, 2-years OS and EFS were 63%and 52%respectively. The prognosis of the patients who had no response to etoposide was poor. The estimated 1-year OS and EFS were 25%and 16.7%respectively. Two group of comparison differences have statistics signiifcance (P<0.01). Conclusion: High-dose etoposide could be used in refractory lymphoma as rescue therapy in mobilization. It can increase the EFS and OS of patients who had response. The hematopoietic stem cells collection and hematopoietic reconstitution are not affected by etoposide.