OBJECTIVETo investigate the reinfection rate of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) in gastric mucosa by two measures of oral plaque control on patients, and to demonstrate the necessity and better method of plaque control on those patients.

METHODS148 patients suffered gastritis or gastroduodenal ulcer were assigned into test group 1 (54 patients), test group 2 (55 patients) and control group (39 patients). 13C-urea breath test proved that there were no H. pylori in their gastric mucosa. Daily plaque control was used in test group 1, oral professorial interventions were added into test group 2, neither daily plaque control nor oral professorial interventions was conducted in control group. All patients were conducted 13C-urea breath test again after half a year to determine the reinfection rate of H. pylori in gastric mucosa.

RESULTS5 patients were eliminated because of stopping mouthwash in the test group 1, 8 patients failed to control dental plaque in the test group 2. The infection rates of H. pylori in gastric mucosa of test group 1, test group 2 and control group were 67.3%, 19.1%, 82.1%, respectively. The infection rate of H. pylori of test group 2 was lower significantly than that in control group and test group 1 (chi2=33, P<0.05; chi2=31.06, P<0.05). There were no significant difference between test group 1 and control group (chi2=2.43, 0.1

CONCLUSIONDental plaque is an important source of gastric H. pylori reinfection. Dental plaque control procedures should be performed in the treatment of gastric disease correlated with H. pylori. The method of mixing professional dental plaque control and solution of mouthwash was better.

Adult ; Breath Tests ; Dental Plaque ; Gastric Mucosa ; Gastritis ; Helicobacter Infections ; Helicobacter pylori ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged

ObjectiveTo study the effect-enhancing and toxicity-reducing activities of astragalus polysaccharide injection （APS） on U14 cervical cancer in model mice receiving X-ray treatment. MethodU14 mouse cervical cancer cells were cultured in vitro and injected into the right forelimb armpit of Kunming mice for constructing a subcutaneous tumor-bearing model of cervical cancer. The tumor-bearing mice were randomly divided into the model group， X-ray intervention（IR， 6 Gy） group， APS （10 mL·kg^-1·d^-1） group， and IR + APS group. Following the observation of the state， body mass， and food intake of mice in each group， the volume of the tumor was measured. The tumor cell cycle and apoptosis were determined by flow cytometry. The protein and mRNA expression levels of apoptosis-related proteins p53， B-cell lymphoma-2 （Bcl-2）， Bcl-2-associated X protein （Bax）， and cleaved cysteine-dependent aspartate-directed protease-3 （Caspase-3） in tumor tissues were assayed by Western blot and real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR）. ResultThe comparison with the model group showed that mice in the IR group had poor mental status and reduced mobility. The IR group and IR + APS group exhibited reduced food intake and body mass since the 8^th d （P<0.05， P<0.01） and narrowed tumor volume since the 9^th d （P<0.01）. In the IR group， the proportion of cells in the G₁ phase was increased， while the proportion of those in the S phase was decreased （P<0.01）. In the IR + APS group， the proportion of cells in the G₁ phase rose， whereas the proportion of those in the G₂ and S phases cells declined （P<0.05， P<0.01）. The apoptotic rates in both the IR group and IR + APS group were elevated significantly （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， the IR group and IR + APS group displayed up-regulated cleaved Caspase-3 and Bax protein and mRNA expression in tumor tissues， but down-regulated Bcl-2 and p53 protein and mRNA expression （P<0.05， P<0.01）. Compared with the IR group， the mice in the IR + APS group had better mobility and hair， normal body mass， and increased food intake （P<0.05）. The tumor volume in the IR + APS group was reduced （P<0.05）. The proportion of cells in the G₂ phase was reduced， but the proportion of those in the S phase was raised （P<0.05）. The apoptosis rate was increased （P<0.05）. The apoptosis-related protein Bax protein expression in the tumor tissue was up-regulated， while the protein expression levels of Bcl-2 and p53 were down-regulated （P<0.05， P<0.01）. ConclusionAPS maintains the life state of U14 cervical cancer model mice treated with X-ray and promotes tumor cell apoptosis， thus enhancing the efficiency and reducing toxicity.

Objective To investigate the antimicrobial resistance of bacteria isolated from clinical samples in Peking Union Medical College Hospital in 2013 .Methods A total of 7236 nonduplicate clinical isolates were collected from January 1 to December 31 , 2013 .Disk diffusion test ( Kirby-Bauer method ) and automated sys-tems were employed to test the antimicrobial resistance of these isolates .The data were analyzed using WHONET 5.6 software and judged according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guideline 2013 .Results Of the 7236 nonduplicate clinical isolates , Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria accounted for 71.1%(5147) and 28.9%(2089), respectively.Methicillin-resistant Staphalococcus aureus (MRSA) accounted for 34.9%(244/700) and methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (MRCNS) accounted for 67.2% (123/183 ) of Staphalococcus aureus isolates .No staphylococcus strains resistant to vancomycin , teicoplanin , or linezol-id were detected .A few strains of Enterococcus faecium were found resistant to vancomycin and teicoplanin .No linezolid-resistant enterococcus strains were found .Extended spectrum β-lactamases ( ESBLs )-producing strains accounted for 49.5%(698/1410), 25.4% (235/925) and 22.6% (30/133) in Escherichia coli, Klebsiella species ( K.pneumoniae and K.oxytoca) and Proteus mirabilis, respectively .The Enterobacteriaceae strains were still highly sensitive to carbapenems , with only 1.5%-2.3%resistant to carbapenems .The resistance rates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to imipenem and meropenem were 19.4% and 15.6%, respectively .The resistance rates of Acinetobacter baumannii to these two antimicrobials were 70.9% and 72.0%, respectively .The preva-lence of pan-resistant strains in Acinetobacter baumannii was 42.9% ( 306/714 ) .Conclusions Antimicrobial resistance is still a serious problem , especially pan-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii strains.It is mandatory to take effective measures controlling nosocomial infection and ensuring rational antimicrobial use .

Objective To investigate the distribution and antimicrobial resistance of clinical isolates from surgery wards in Peking Union Medical College Hospital ( PUMCH ) .Methods A total of 3084 non-duplicate clinical isolates were collected from PUMCH surgery wards during the period from January 1, 2012 to December 31, 2013.Disc diffusion test (Kirby-Bauer method) and automated systems were employed to detect the antimicrobial resistance of these isolates .The data were analyzed by WHONET 5.6 software according to Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute 2013 breakpoints.Results Of the 3084 clinical isolates, the 10 most common bacteria isolated were:A.baumannii (14.1%), E.coli (12.4%), P.aeruginosa (12.4%), K.pneumonia (11.8%), S.aureus (8.9%), E.faecalis (5.4%), coagulase-negative staphylococcus (5.3%), E.cloacae (3.7%), S.maltophilia (3.6%) and E.faecium ( 3.2%) , in which gram-negative bacteria accounted for 71.6% ( 2208 isolates ) and gram-positive accounted for 28.4%(876 isolates).In S.aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococcus, methicil-lin-resistant strains ( MRSA and MRCNS ) accounted for 42.7%(117/274) and 77.3%(119/154) , respectively . The resistance rates of methicillin-resistance strains to β-lactams and other antimicrobial agents were much higher than those of methicillin-susceptive strains including methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus ( MSSA ) and methicillin-susceptible coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (MSCNS).In addition, 80.3% of MRSA strains were still susceptible to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole , while 95.0%of MRCNS strains were susceptible to rifampin .No staphylococcal strains were found resistant to vancomycin , teicoplanin, or linezolid.The drug resistance rates of E.faecalis strains to most antimicrobials tested were much lower than those of E.faecium, except for the resistance rate to chloramphenicol , which was only 4.3%in E.faecium.One strain of E.faecalis and 5 strains of E.faecium were found resistant to vancomycin .No linezolid-resistant strains were found in enterococcal isolates .Extended spectrum β-lactamases ( ESBLs )-producing strains accounted for 56.7% ( 217/383 ) , 23.8% ( 97/408 ) , and 22.8%(13/57) in E.coli, Klebsiella species (K.pneumoniae and K.oxytoca), and P.mirabilis, respectively. The drug resistance rates of ESBLs-producing strains were higher than the corresponding non-ESBLs-producing strains.Enterobacteriaceae strains were still highly susceptible to carbapenems , the overall resistance rates being 1.6%-3.3%.A few pan-resistant strains of K.pneumoniae ( 0.8%, 3/363 ) were identified .The resistance rates of P.aeruginosa to imipenem and meropenem were 19.5%and 15.0%, respectively , while the resistance rate to amikacin was the lowest ( 8.6%) .The resistance rates of A.baumannii to imipenem and meropenem were 74.1%and 74.0%, respectively , compared with the lowest resistance rates to cefoperazone-sulbactam (51.5%) and minocycline (28.9%) .The prevalence of pan-resistant strains in A.baumannii and P.aeruginosa were 44.3%(193/436) and 0.8%(3/381), respectively.Conclusion Regular surveillance of bacterial resistance could pro-vide practical guidance of rational selection of antimicrobial agents for clinicians .

Objective To investigate the antimicrobial resistance of clinical bacterial isolates in Peking Union Medical College Hospital( PUMCH)in 2015. Methods A total of 5746 non-duplicate clinical isolates from January 1 to December 31 2015 were collected. Disc diffusion test( Kirby-Bauer method)and automated systems were employed to detect the antimicrobial resistance. The data were analyzed by WHONET 5. 6 software according to 2015 edition of antimicrobial susceptibility testing standards issued by The Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute( CLSI)of the United States. Results Of the 5746 clinical isolates,the 10 most common bacteria were:Escherichia coli ( 19. 4%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa ( 11. 3%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (10. 9%),Staphylococcus aureus(9. 8%),Acinetobacter baumannii(9. 6%),Enterococcus faecalis(6. 5%), Streptococcus agalactiae(5. 1%),Enterococcus faecium(4. 6%),coagulase-negative Staphylococcus(2. 7%), and Enterobacter cloacae ( 2. 5%). Gram-negative bacilli and gram-positive cocci accounted for 67. 5% and 32. 5%,respectively. Among Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus isolates,methicillin-resistant Staphyloc-cus aureus( MRSA)and methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative Staphylococcus( MRCNS)accounted for 22. 9%and 77. 6%,respectively. The resistance rates of MRSA and MRCNS strains toβ-lactams and other antimicrobial agents were much higher than those in methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus( MSSA)and methicillin-sus-ceptible coagulase-negatible Staphylococcus( MSCNS)strains. 88. 8% of MRSA strains were still susceptible to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole,while 81. 7% of MRCNS strains were susceptible to rifampin. No staphylococcal strain resistant to vancomycin,teicoplanin,or linezolid was detected. The resistance rate of E. faecalis strains to most of the antimicrobial agents tested( except Chloramphenicol)was much lower than that of E. faecium,while some strains resistant to vancomycin were found in both species. No linezolid-resistant Enterococcus strains was found. 90. 8% of β-hemolytic streptococcus strains were susceptible to penicillin. Extended-spectrum β-lacta-mase( ESBL)-producing strains accounted for 52. 3%( 582/1112 ),28. 9%( 200/692 ),and 26. 2%( 27/103)in E. coli,Klebsiella spp(K. pneumoniae and K. oxytoca),and P. mirabilis,respectively. Enterbacteriace-ae strains were still highly susceptible to carbapenems,with an overall resistance rate of ≤4. 3%. A few exten-sively-resistant strains of K. pneumoniae ( 3. 0%,19/630 ) were identified. About 76. 5% and 74. 8% of A. baumannii were resistant to imipenem and meropenem,while the resistant rates to cefoperazone-sulbactam (49. 8%)and minocycline(21. 8%)were the lowest. The resistance rates of P. aeruginosa to imipenem and meropenem were 16. 6% and 11. 9%,respectively,while the resistant rate(5. 2%)to amikacin was the lowest. The prevalence of extensively-resistant strains in A. baumannii and P. aeruginosa were 20. 8%( 115/553 )and 1. 8%(12/650),respectively. Conclusions Antibiotic resistance may still pose a serious threat to clinical practice. Rational use of antibiotics should be required to prevent the spread of antimicrobial resistant strains.

A population-based case-control study was conducted to evaluate the relative factors in the environments, agricultural works, outdoor activities, and the effectiveness of Lyme borreliosis (LB)- associated personal protective measures in Beijing. Thirty-four cases and 272 controls were personally interviewed by well-trained interviewers. Venous blood samples were taken from each subject. Sowing or harvesting in summer (OR=2.571, 95% CI: 1.109-5.962), living in house with weeding in the yard (OR=2.247, 95% CI: 1.062-4.755), and residence at the plain area (OR=2.630, 95% CI: 1.050-6.588) were the independent relative factors for seropositive LB. Wearing long pants and clothes with cuffs was the only protective behavior against tick bite (OR=0.186, 95% CI: 0.041-0.846). The findings showed that local farmers were easily infected with LB and almost no protective measure was taken against LB infection. Infection with LB was easier in residents of plain regions. Pets raising and outdoor activities were not the risk factors for infection with LB. Further studies are needed to fully understand the risk of infection with LB in China.
Adult ; Aged ; Agriculture ; Case-Control Studies ; China ; epidemiology ; Cities ; Environment ; Female ; Human Activities ; Humans ; Lyme Disease ; epidemiology ; microbiology ; prevention & control ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Risk Factors ; Young Adult

The process of semen collection plays a key role in the quality of semen specimens. However, the association between semen collection time and semen quality is still unclear. In this study, ejaculates by masturbation from 746 subfertile men or healthy men who underwent semen analysis were examined. The median (interquartile range) semen collection time for all participants was 7.0 (5.0-11.0) min, and the median time taken for semen collection was lower in healthy men than that in subfertile men (6.0 min vs 7.0 min). An increase in the time required to produce semen samples was associated with poorer semen quality. Among those undergoing assisted reproductive technology (ART), the miscarriage rate was positively correlated with the semen collection time. After adjusting for confounders, the highest quartile (Q4) of collection time was negatively associated with semen volume and sperm concentration. A longer time to produce semen samples (Q3 and Q4) was negatively correlated with progressive and total sperm motility. In addition, there was a significant negative linear association between the semen collection time and the sperm morphology. Higher risks of asthenozoospermia (adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 2.06, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.31-3.25, P = 0.002) and teratozoospermia (adjusted OR = 1.98, 95% CI: 1.10-3.55, P = 0.02) were observed in Q3 than those in Q1. Our results indicate that a higher risk of abnormal semen parameter values was associated with an increase in time for semen collection, which may be related to male fertility through its association with semen quality.
Male ; Humans ; Semen Analysis ; Semen ; Sperm Motility ; Sperm Count ; Asthenozoospermia ; Spermatozoa

Objective To examine the changing antimicrobial resistance profile of Enterobacter spp.isolates in 53 hospitals across China from 2015 t0 2021.Methods The clinical isolates of Enterobacter spp.were collected from 53 hospitals across China during 2015-2021 and tested for antimicrobial susceptibility using Kirby-Bauer method or automated testing systems according to the CHINET unified protocol.The results were interpreted according to the breakpoints issued by the Clinical & Laboratory Standards Institute(CLSI)in 2021(M100 31st edition)and analyzed with WHONET 5.6 software.Results A total of 37 966 Enterobacter strains were isolated from 2015 to 2021.The proportion of Enterobacter isolates among all clinical isolates showed a fluctuating trend over the 7-year period,overall 2.5％in all clinical isolates amd 5.7％in Enterobacterale strains.The most frequently isolated Enterobacter species was Enterobacter cloacae,accounting for 93.7％(35 571/37 966).The strains were mainly isolated from respiratory specimens(44.4±4.6)％,followed by secretions/pus(16.4±2.3)％and urine(16.0±0.9)％.The strains from respiratory samples decreased slightly,while those from sterile body fluids increased over the 7-year period.The Enterobacter strains were mainly isolated from inpatients(92.9％),and only(7.1±0.8)％of the strains were isolated from outpatients and emergency patients.The patients in surgical wards contributed the highest number of isolates(24.4±2.9)％compared to the inpatients in any other departement.Overall,≤ 7.9％of the E.cloacae strains were resistant to amikacin,tigecycline,polymyxin B,imipenem or meropenem,while ≤5.6％of the Enterobacter asburiae strains were resistant to these antimicrobial agents.E.asburiae showed higher resistance rate to polymyxin B than E.cloacae(19.7％vs 3.9％).Overall,≤8.1％of the Enterobacter gergoviae strains were resistant to tigecycline,amikacin,meropenem,or imipenem,while 10.5％of these strains were resistant to polycolistin B.The overall prevalence of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacter was 10.0％over the 7-year period,but showing an upward trend.The resistance profiles of Enterobacter isolates varied with the department from which they were isolated and whether the patient is an adult or a child.The prevalence of carbapenem-resistant E.cloacae was the highest in the E.cloacae isolates from ICU patients.Conclusions The results of the CHINET Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance Program indicate that the proportion of Enterobacter strains in all clinical isolates fluctuates slightly over the 7-year period from 2015 to 2021.The Enterobacter strains showed increasing resistance to multiple antimicrobial drugs,especially carbapenems over the 7-year period.