Objective To clarify the relation between the expression of Foxp3 in peripheral blood and plasma transforming growth factor betal (TGF-β1) and the activity of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Methods Foxp3 mRNA expression of 28 active SLE patients, 13 inactive SLE patients and 16 healthy controls was determined by polymerase chain reaction. Active SLE patients were followed up; Foxp3 mRNA expression of 20 active patients was measured in the stable status and the plasma TGF-β1 was measured by ELISA in the active and stable status. Results The active SLE patients showed reduced levels of Foxp3 mRNA than the inactive SLE patients (P<0.01) and the healthy controls(P<0.01). Expression of Foxp3 mRNA and the plasma level of TGF-β1 in 20 SLE patients were both higher in stable status than in active status, Conclusion The expressions of Foxp3 mRNA in peripheral blood and TGF-β1 in plasma has significant inverse corelation with disease activity, which suggests that regulatory T cells may play an important role in the pathogenesis of SLE.

AIMTo establish a method for determinate of the inhibitory activity of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor captopril by high performance capillary electrophoresis.

METHODSThe characteristic absorptive wavelength of hippuric acid determined by ultraviolet spectrophotometer is 228 nm. The method employed a melted capillary column, 50 mmol.L-1 phosphoric acid (pH 8.3) buffer solution, inject pressure 4.8 kPa, inject time 3 s, separation voltage 20 kV and detection wavelength 228 nm.

RESULTSThe reactant and resultant was separated completed within 7 min. IC50 of captopril was 0.019 mumol.L-1. Captopril is a competitive inhibitor, which was proved by enzyme reaction dynamics.

CONCLUSIONThe method was shown to be accurate, simple and rapid and can be used for determination of the inhibitory activity of captopril.

Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors ; pharmacology ; Captopril ; pharmacology ; Electrophoresis, Capillary ; methods ; Hippurates ; analysis ; Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A ; metabolism

Objective To analyze changes of three periodical circulation systems,erythrocyte sedimentation rate and bone marrow cell morphology in children with malaria.Methods The routine tests of hematology by Sysmex KX-21 Counter, erythrocyte sedimentation rate by Westergren method and bone marrow cell morphology were analyzed. Results In 22 cases of malaria the ratio of Hb level below 110 g/L,WBC below 4?10~9/L and PLT below 100?10~9/L was 68.2%, 41.0%, and 77.3%,respectively. The ratio of children with all three parameters (Hb, WBC and PLT) abnormal was 36.4%, with two parameters abnormal was 63.6%. Ninty-five point five percent of malaria children′s erythrocyte sedimentation rate was abnormal. Fifty-nine point one percent of malaria children had hyperplasia anemia bone marrow morphology, 77.3% secondary thrombocytopenia and 54.5% with both of two bone marrow morphology.Conclusions Three periodical circulation systems of malaria children alter notably, especially in PLT and Hb. The majority has erythrocyte sedimentation rate abnormal, and bone marrow cell morphology shows hyperplasia anemia and thrombocytopenia.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the efficacy and safety of sertraline and vardenafil in the treatment of patients with concomitant erectile dysfunction (ED) and premature ejaculation (PE).

METHODSSixty patients with concomitant ED and PE received at our clinic of andrology were randomly divided into a vardenafil group and a sertraline group. The vardenafil group received flexible doses of vardenafil from 10 mg to 20 mg and the sertraline group 50 mg daily, both for 2 months. The differences in IIEF-5 before and after the treatment were recorded and compared, and the results of ED treatment evaluated. Intravaginal ejaculatory latency time (IELT) was recorded to evaluate the outcome of PE treatment.

RESULTSIn the vardenafil group, 24 patients had their ED improved and the efficacy rate was 80%, as compared with 27% in the sertraline group. There was significant difference between the two groups (P < 0.05). Twenty patients had their PE improved in vardenafil group, with an efficacy rate of 67% as compared with 40% in the sertraline group. The difference was significant between the two groups (P < 0.05). In both of the two groups, a significantly higher rate of PE improvement was found in patients with improved ED than in those without. Only mild side effects were recorded, and none withdrew from the treatment.

CONCLUSIONTo patients with concomitant ED and PE, the key to the treatment is to improve their erectile function, and for this purpose, vardenafil works better than sertraline.

Adult ; Ejaculation ; drug effects ; Erectile Dysfunction ; drug therapy ; Humans ; Imidazoles ; therapeutic use ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors ; therapeutic use ; Piperazines ; therapeutic use ; Serotonin Uptake Inhibitors ; therapeutic use ; Sertraline ; therapeutic use ; Sulfones ; therapeutic use ; Treatment Outcome ; Triazines ; therapeutic use ; Vardenafil Dihydrochloride

AIM:To explore the application of 10g/L cyclopentolate chloride eye drops in children, and to compare the different effectiveness of cycloplegia between 10g/L cyclopentolate chloride and atropine in Chinese children.METHODS:A total of 236 eyes of 118 children aged 3~12 years old were enrolled in this study including 80 eyes of 40 children with myopia, 156 eyes of 78 children with hyperopia and 146 eyes of 73 children combined with astigmatism. 10g/L cyclopentolate chloride eye drops were used once per 5min for 3 times and refractive diopter was obtained 1h after the last drop of cyclopentolate. Three days after that, 10g/L atropine was then used 1 time per night for 1wk and optometry was performed again. The children were divided into 3 groups ( myopia, hyperopia and astigmatism group ) according to the refractive status, in which astigmatism was independent of the degree of separation of cylinder statistics. The results of retinoscope refraction were then compared between 10g/L cyclopentolate and 10g/L atropine.
RESULTS:The refractive diopter was -2. 25±1. 31D after 10g/L cyclopentolate eye drops and -2. 23±1. 32D after 10g/L atropine in myopic group. The refractive diopter was 1. 35±1. 19D and 1. 38±2. 00D in astigmastic group. No significant difference was found in myopic group and astigmastic group (P= 0. 109, P= 0. 374). While in the hyperopic group, the refractive diopter was 3. 76±2. 4D after 10g/L cyclopentolate eye drops, which was lower than that after 10g/L atropine 4. 39±2. 6D (P=0. 000).
CONCLUSION: The results of this study suggest that 10g/L cyclopentolate chloride eye drops can be used in myopia and astigmatism children, and 10g/L atropine should be used in hyperopia children.

Objective To provide scientific basis for improving and establishing relevant regimes through understanding the status of cognition and prevention of occupational hazard among Shenzhen city community nursing staff.Methods Using random sampling method,215 nursing staff of 83 community rehabilitation centers in six administrative areas of Shenzhen city were investigated by questionnaires.Results Occupational protection consciousness and protection behavior of Shenzhen City community nursing staff was comparatively ideal,64.0％ of nurses were passing grate and 36％ were failing.Conclusions Community nursing staff should be given the continuous and calculated trainings about the relevant knowledge and should pay attention to the renewal of knowledge.

Objective To study the changing pattern of infant mortality and under-5 mortality rate in China from 2000 to 2006, and to evaluate China's progress in achieving the United Nations' Millennium Development Goal 4. Methods A population-based survey was conducted through a nationwide multi-level surveillance network. The mortality rate and the proportion of death for children under 5 were analyzed. Results The infant mortality rate (IMR), under-5 mortality rate (U5MR) in China dropped to 17.2, 20.6 per 1000 live births in 2006, respectively, comparing to 32.2 and 39.7 per 1000 live births in 2000. In urban areas, IMR, U5MR dropped to 8.0, 9.6 per 1000 live births in 2006, respectively while they were 11.8 and 13.8 per 1000 live births respectively in 2000. In rural areas, IMR, USMR dropped to 19.7 and 23.6 per 1000 live births in 2006, respectively but they were 37.0 and 45.7 per 1000 live births respectively in 2000. During this period, the mortality rates due to pneumonia and diarrhea had dropped sharply. The proportion of deaths due to pneumonia, diarrhea also dropped from 19.5%, 4.9% in 2000 to 15.6%, 3.7% in 2006, respectively. In urban areas, the proportion of deaths due to pneumonia dropped from 9.9% in 2000 to 9.8% in 2006, In rural areas, the proportion of deaths due to pneumonia, diarrhea dropped from 20.1%, 5.2% in 2000 to 16.2%, 4.0% in 2006, respectively. Conclusion The U5MR in China remarkably dropped from 2000 to 2006. Based on data through the surveillance program, China should be able to accomplish the Millennium Development Goals 4 of the United Nations as planned.

OBJECTIVETo develop a LC-MS method for the determination of senkyunolide I (SI) in rat plasma, in order to observe whether there is significant change in the pharmacokinetics parameters of complex prescriptions of Huoluoxiaolingdan (HLXL) and single herbal extracts from Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort. in rats, and assess the effect of other components in HLXL on the pharmacokinetics of SI.

METHODTwelve male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into two groups, and orally administered with extract from HLXL and L. chuanxiong (both equal to SI 4.53 mg x kg(-1)). Their blood was collected at different time points for LC-MS, in order to detect the plasma concentration of SI. The pharmacokinetic parameters of SI were calculated by DAS 2.0 software. SPSS 16.0 software was used for independent-sample T-test and Nonparametric T-test.

RESULTA linear relationship of SI ranged from 6.750 to 675.0 microg x L(-1), and with the lowest limit of detection being 6.750 microg L(-1). Both of the plasma concentration-time curves of SI were fitted with the two-compartment model for extract of HLXL and L. chuanxiong. The detected AUC and Cmax of SI showed significant difference, with no significant difference in other parameters.

CONCLUSIONThe LC-MS determination method established in this experiment was so exclusive, accurate and sensitive that it is suitable for pharmacokinetic studies on extracts of HLXL and SI from L. chuanxion. The experiment results show that other ingredients of HLXL have noticeable effect on the absorption of SI in rat plasma.

Administration, Oral ; Animals ; Area Under Curve ; Benzofurans ; blood ; pharmacokinetics ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; pharmacokinetics ; Male ; Metabolic Clearance Rate ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

OBJECTIVETo explore the risk factors of esophageal cancer (EC) in the high-incidence regions, so as to provide scientific evidence for taking effective prevention measures.

METHODSA population based case-control family study was carried out. 1711 case family members in 505 families in which one of the couple or their first degree relatives suffered from EC were selected from high incidence in Henan province. Control families without neoplasm were selected from the same villages in matching conditions of age, sex, and family members. All information of case and control families was collected by Questionnaire of Life and Health of Inhabitant. The data were analyzed with logistic regression model.

RESULTSCompared with the control families,it was shown that hobby for smoked food [2.10% (36/1711), 0.82% (14/1711); chi2 = 9.82, P = 0.00; OR = 2.61, 95% CI: 1.40 - 4.85], hobby for fried food [7.17% (66/921), 3.91% (35/894) ; chi2 = 9.13, P = 0.00; OR = 1.90, 95% CI: 1.24 -2.89], hobby for raw and hard food [13.36% (123/921), 8.95% (80/894); chi2 = 8.87, P =0.03; OR =1.57, 95% CI: 1.16 - 2.11], and hobby for hot food [20.05% (343/1711), 15.20% (260/1711); chi2 = 13.87, P= 0.00; OR= 1.40, 95% CI: 1.17 - 1.67], the history with mental stimulated [6.72% (115/1711), 3.10% (53/1711); chi2 = 24.06, P = 0.00; OR = 2.25, 95% CI: 1.62 -3.14], upper digestive symptom history [19.40% (332/1711), 12.74% (218/ 1711); chi2 = 28.15, P = 0.00; OR= 1.65, 95% CI: 1.37 - 1.99] entered the last model, and were responsible for the higher risk of EC. Eating fast was shown to be a protective factor [20.85% (192/921), 25.14% (225/895); chi2 = 4.73, P =0.03; OR = 0.78, 95% CI: 0.63 - 0.98].

CONCLUSIONEC is a kind of malignant tumor caused by multiple factors. Prevention and control of EC should be initiated from environmental factors, life style, genetic factors and social-psychological factors comprehensively.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Case-Control Studies ; Causality ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Esophageal Neoplasms ; epidemiology ; genetics ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Risk Factors ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo explore the adoptive immunotherapy effect of peripheral gammadeltaT cells in pancreatic cancer nude mice model.

METHODSThirty BALB/c nude mice were inoculated subcutaneously 5 x 10(5) Cap-1 cells to regularly developed hypodermal tumors, and then divided into 3 groups randomly, gammadeltaT cells, alphabetaT cells and control group. 2.5 x 10(6) gammadeltaT cells or alphabetaT cells or 100 microl RPMI-1640 were respectively injected into abdominal cavity of mice, combined with 10(4) U rhIL-2 for 3 times. Tumor volume, the survival rate and anti-carcinogenic rate of three groups were compared.

RESULTSEight control nude mice developed hypodermal tumors, which progressively increased in size, and animals had a mean survival of 88 d. Nine nude mice in gammadeltaT cells group and eight in alphabetaT cells group developed tumors (P > 0.05). Tumor growth was arrested and tumor size was reduced remarkably in gammadeltaT cells group. Mean survival was increased to 113 d with less rate of tumor metastasis and more cases of tumor necrosis in gammadeltaT cells group when compared with alphabetaT cells group and controls.

CONCLUSIONSThe anti-tumor effects of gammadeltaT cells against pancreatic cancer are better than those of alphabetaT cells and control groups, and might be promising in the adoptive immunotherapy of pancreatic cancer.

Animals ; Humans ; Immunotherapy, Adoptive ; methods ; Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating ; immunology ; Mice ; Mice, Nude ; Neoplasm Transplantation ; Pancreatic Neoplasms ; immunology ; pathology ; therapy ; T-Lymphocytes ; immunology