AlM:To investigate the myopia risk factors of different nationalities students in primary and secondary schools in Karamay City.
METHODS:This survey was a cross-sectional design, the sample was selected in the first, third and sixth grade primary school and middle school students by stratified random cluster method. The survey team comprised of ophthalmologists, technicians, optometrists and administrative staff. The staff was trained about the design, method and quality control, etc. According to the research needs, questionnaires were designed. ln person interview, pilot study, questionnaire, intraocular pressure, corneal curvature, refraction, axial length, corneal thickness, slit lamp microscopy and fundus examination were performed. A database was established using the Epi-data software by double entry method. All statistical analysis was completed by SPSS 17. 0 software.
RESULTS:The survey covers 1 922 students in total, which account for 91. 4% students of the whole four grades. The total prevalence of myopia was 39. 2%. Multivariate analyses revealed that ethnic origin, age, gender, parents of short-sightedness, daily after-school reading and writing time and bad reading and writing habits were closely related to myopia ( OR=0. 149, 95%CI:0. 103-0. 216, P=0. 000; OR=1. 372, 95%CI: 1. 296-1. 453, P=0. 000; OR=1. 517, 95%CI: 1. 200-1. 918, P=0. 000;OR=0. 695, 95%CI: 0. 602-0. 804, P=0. 000; OR=1. 310, 95%CI:1. 086-1. 581, P=0. 005;OR=0. 655, 95%CI:0. 486-0. 882, P=0. 005).
CONCLUSlON: Ethnic origin, age, gender, parents of short - sightedness, daily after - school reading and writing time and reading and writing habits were independent risk factors for myopia.

Female ; Hemophilia A ; complications ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Myasthenia Gravis ; complications

Acute Disease ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents ; therapeutic use ; Budesonide ; therapeutic use ; Child, Preschool ; Graft vs Host Disease ; drug therapy ; Humans ; Intestinal Diseases ; drug therapy ; Male ; Treatment Outcome

This study aimed to analyze the etiology of the encephalitis outbreak in Longyan, Fujian Province, China in 2010, in order to provide valuable information for this prevention and control of this disease. Pathogens were confirmed from cerebrospinal fluid samples with fluorescent RT-PCR, virus isolation (RD cells), and neutralization tests. Then, the VP1 fragments or whole genome nucleotide sequences were determined for four virus strains using PCR. Homology was assessed using the MegAlign software, and a phylogenetic evolutionary tree was drawn using Mega 4.0 software. The results confirmed that the etiology of the outbreak was the ECHO6 intestinal virus, and the nucleotide sequence of the VP1 segment indicated that the C2 subtype was responsible. The genome sequence consisted of 7407 nucleotides, and resembled the genome of other ECHO and CoxB viruses with homology levels of 78.5%-87.3%. The encephalitis outbreak in Longyan in 2010 was caused by the ECHO6 C2 subtype intestinal virus, and its complete genome sequence length is similar to the standard strain (U16283) with a sequence homology of 80.4%.
Child, Preschool ; China ; epidemiology ; Disease Outbreaks ; Echovirus 6, Human ; classification ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Echovirus Infections ; epidemiology ; virology ; Encephalitis ; epidemiology ; virology ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Phylogeny

The effects of ginsenosides on the actions of morphine are summarized. It mainly focuses on the antagonistic effects of ginsenosides on morphine-induced changes of animal behaviors, neural system functions and cell signaling transduction.
Animals ; Behavior, Animal ; drug effects ; Body Weight ; drug effects ; Ginsenosides ; pharmacology ; Mice ; Morphine ; antagonists & inhibitors ; pharmacology ; Morphine Dependence ; Neurotransmitter Agents ; metabolism ; Rats ; Signal Transduction ; drug effects

Child ; Child, Preschool ; Erythema ; drug therapy ; etiology ; Fatal Outcome ; Female ; Fever ; drug therapy ; etiology ; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation ; adverse effects ; Humans ; Leukocyte Count ; Male ; Transplantation, Homologous

Objective To evaluate the value of GE′s Q-analysis real-time ultrasonic elastography quantitative analysis software in the diagnosis of breast diseases and explore the best cutoff point of the breast diseases diagnosis.Methods The elastograms of 71 breast lesions(66 patients)were evaluated by using the GE LOGIQ E9 with the Q-analysis software.All the 71 lesions were diagnosed as malignant and benign lesions by surgery or biopsy.The receiver operating characteristic (ROC)curves of the entirety elasticity rate and local elasticity rate was performed.We compared the areas under ROC curves ( AUC) of the two modalities and confirmed the best cutoff point of the breast diseases diagnosis .We also assessed the sensitivity and specificity of the two modalities .Lastly we assessed the ROC curves with Z test to determine whether the difference between the two modalities was significant .Results Among the 71 leisions (66 patients),there were 37 benign lesions and 34 malignant ones.The elastograms of the leisions showed that the elasticity of 37 benign leisions was good ,the hardness value was low and the texture was even .As for the 34 malignant leisions,the elasticity was bad,the hardness value was high and the texture was uneven .The AUC of the local modality was 0.899 ( >0.5).The AUC of the entire modality,was 0.985 ( >0.5).Both modalities were accurate for the diagnosis of breast diseases .When the cutoff point of entirety elasticity rate was set as 3.60,the sensitiveness was 82.4%and the specificity was 86.5%.When the cutoff point of local elasticity rate was set as 2.60,the sensitiveness was 97.1% and the specificity was 91.9%.The difference between the two modalities was significant (Z =2.621,P=0.0088).Conclusions Q-analysis real-time ultrasonic elastography quantitative analysis is able to evaluate the rigidity and texture of tissue and is valuable to distinguish benign breast lesions between malignant breast lesions .The sensitiveness and specificity of local modality are higher than that of entirety modality .

Surface molecularly imprinted polymers (SMIPs) for selective adsorption of ampicillin sodium were synthesized using surface molecular imprinting technique with silica gel as a support. The physical and morphological characteristics of the polymers were investigated by scanning electron microscope (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), elemental analysis and nitrogen adsorption–desorption test. The obtained results showed that the SMIPs displayed great adsorption capacity (13.5μg/mg), high recognition ability (the imprinted factor is 3.2) and good binding kinetics for ampicillin sodium. Finally, as solid phase extraction adsorbents, the SMIPs coupled with HPLC method were validated and applied for the enrichment, purification and determination of ampicillin sodium in real milk and blood samples. The averages of spiked accuracy ranged from 92.1%to 107.6%. The relative standard deviations of intra-and inter-day precisions were less than 4.6%. This study provides a new and promising method for enriching, extracting and determining ampicillin sodium in complex biological samples.

Objective To evaluate the effect of a novel orthopedic biomaterial,graded composite zireonia(ZrO2)hydroxyapatite(HAP)on activity of rat osteoblast ceils(OB)cultured in vitro. Methods The pure zirconia material was used as control to measure surface roughness of the composite material that was examined by using scanning electron microscope(SEM)and X-ray diffraetometer (XRD).The rat osteoblast cells were cultured on the two materials.Alkali phosphatase(ALP)of the two groups was measured and ELISA was used to detect IL-6 and TGF-?eoncentration of the supematant of OB cells.Tumor growth factor-?(TGF-?)mRNA was detected by RT-PCR.SEM was used to observe OB cells on the two materials.The extract of the composite material was used for a eytotoxicity test to cal- culate the relative proliferation rate(RGR)and classify the toxicity.Results The surface roughness of the gradual composite materials was significantly higher than that of the control materials(P＜0.01). The ALP of the gradual material group was markedly higher than that of the control group at different in- tervals.There was significant difference of the IL-6 and TGF-?concentrations 2-4 days after culture be- tween two groups(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).The mRNA level of TGF-?of the two OB groups also showed marked statistical difference(P＜0.01).The ossification of the OB cells on the composed material was marked after 14 days.The MTT color experiments showed no statistic significance between materials group and negative group,with the toxicity at levelⅠand 0(P＜0.05).Conclusion Graded composite ZrO2 HAP can significantly promote proliferation and differentiation of OB cells cultured in vitro and has good biocompatibility.

Objective To improve the conventional method of quantitative assessment of regional cerebral blood flows(rCBF)by a perfusion CT study based on maximal slope model at the general infusion rate(