OBJECTIVETo evaluate the influence of Fuzhenghuayu decoction on fibrotic liver tissue and activated hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) using a carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver cirrhosis rat model system.

METHODSSixty-four Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into the following groups: normal (non-model, non-drug intervention), CCl4 liver fibrosis model, and CCl4 liver fibrosis model Fuzhenghuayu drug intervention at low dose (0.75 g/kg/d) and high dose (1.5 g/kg/d). The drug intervention was administered via oral-gastric irrigation once daily for 6 times per week over a 6-week period. Four rats from each group were sacrificed at the end of week 2, 4, and 6 for serum and liver tissue collection. Liver fibrosis was evaluated by histology, and expression of a-smooth muscle actin (a-SMA) was determined by immunohistochemistry. Liver function was assessed by measuring levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and total bilirubin (TBil). Between-group comparisons were made by completely random design and ANOVA with Bonferroni correction.

RESULTSAt the end of weeks 2, 4 and 6, all four groups showed significantly different levels of ALT, AST, and TBil; in addition, the model group and drug intervention groups had significantly higher levels of ALT, AST, and TBil than the control group, the drug intervention groups showed significantly lower levels of ALT, AST, and TBil than the model group (P less than 0.01 or less than 0.05), and the differences between the low dose and high dose groups reached statistical significance (P less than 0.01 or less than 0.05). At the end of weeks 2, 4 and 6, the model group and drug intervention groups had significantly higher area ratio of liver fibrosis than the normal group (F = model: 18.68, low dose: 49.95, high dose: 82.44, P less than 0.01), but the two drug intervention groups had significantly less area ratio of liver fibrosis than the model group (P less than 0.05) and the high dose group showed the most robust decrease. In addition, the model group and drug intervention groups showed higher expression of a-SMA than the normal group (F = model: 18.68, low dose: 49.95, high dose: 82.44, P less than 0.01), but two drug intervention groups had significantly less a-SMA than the model group (F = model: 46.32, low dose: 40.30, high dose: 58.42, P less than 0.05) and the high dose group showed the most robust decrease.

CONCLUSIONThe Fuzhenghuayu decoction reduces the numbers of activated HSCs, thereby leading to down-regulated a-SMA expression and reduced degree of liver fibrosis; these effects may represent the mechanism by which this drug suppresses hepatic fibrosis.

Actins ; metabolism ; Animals ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Hepatic Stellate Cells ; drug effects ; Liver ; drug effects ; pathology ; Liver Cirrhosis, Experimental ; pathology ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

Silibinin, a natural flavonoid antioxidant isolated from extracts of the milk thistle herb, has recently been identified as having anti-hepatotoxic and anticancer properties. In this paper, we investigated the effects of silibinin on behavior and neuroplasticity in mice subjected to chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS). After 5 consecutive weeks of CUMS, the mice were treated with silibinin (100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg by oral gavage) for 3 consecutive weeks. The results showed that silibinin administration significantly alleviated the CUMS-induced depressive-like behavior, including the total number of squares crossed and the frequency of rearing in the open field test, the immobility time in the tail suspension test and the forced swimming test. Furthermore, silibinin treatment increased the levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus. Our study provides new insight into the protective effects of silibinin on the depressive status of CUMS mice, specifically by improving neuroplasticity and neurotransmission.
Animals ; Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor ; Depression ; Hindlimb Suspension ; Hippocampus ; Mice* ; Milk Thistle ; Neuronal Plasticity ; Norepinephrine ; Physical Exertion ; Prefrontal Cortex ; Serotonin ; Synaptic Transmission

Objective To compare the pharmacokinetic profiles between a new generic and a branded reference formulation of isosorbide -5 -mononitrate sustained release capsules , and to assess the bioequivalence of the two products in healthy Chinese male subjects.Methods Fifty subjects participated in the open -label, randomized -sequence, 2-way crossover study.Twenty-four subjects and 26 subjects were ran-domly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to receive single dose (50 mg) or multiple dose (50 mg, qd, 6 days) of the test or reference formulation , followed by a one -week washout period and administration of the alternate formulation , respectively.Serial blood samples were collected , and isosorbide -5 -mononitrate concentration in plasma was determined by LC-MS/MS.The relative bioavailability and related parameters of pharmacokinetics were calculated. Results The pharmacokinetic parameters of test formulation and the reference formulation after a single dose were as follows: Cmax were ( 554.18 ± 117.84 ) and (526.29 ±91.58 )μg· L-1; AUC0-t were ( 7834.21 ±1227.70 ) and (7658.86 ±927.74) h· μg· L-1 , respectively.The 90% confidential interval of Cmax and AUC0-t of test formulation were 99.82%-113.03%and 99.13%-106.43%of reference formulation , respectively.The pharmacokinetic parame-ters of test formulation and the reference formulation after multiple doses were as follows :Cmax were (612.96 ±171.32) and (527.12 ±114.36 ) μg · L-1; AUC0-t were ( 8408.71 ±1321.91 ) and ( 7781.88 ±1325.12 ) h · μg · L-1 , respectively.The 90% confidential interval of Cmax and AUC0-t of test formulation were 108.44% -122.17% and 105.35%-111.57% of reference formulation , respectively.The 90% confidence interval of Cmax and AUC0-t of isosorbide-5-mononitrate for the test formulation after single and multiple oral doses were fall within 70%-143%and 80%-125%of reference formulation.Conclusion The test formulation was considered bioequivalent to the reference formulation.

Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency (G6PD) is one of hereditary diseases sariously influencing the human health. G6PD is characterized by wide distribution, high incidence, inducing the hemolysis, complex mechanism of hemolysis and common occurence in children and so on. The blood transfusion is most effective method for acute ouset of hemolysis, but the risk is more high, thereby it is necessary to guarante the safety of blood transfusion. In addition of the routine managementin blood transfusion and standard procedures, the basic rules and indicators of blood transfusion must be grasped, the blood preparations should be known well, the blood protection must be strengthened, and the measures of personalized psychologic interference must be drawn up carnestly and performed strictily so as to improve the therapeutic efficacy and safe of blood transfusion. Through the promotion and development of social pubbicity, elucation activities, preventive and control measures and medical levels, many patients have been freed from healthy problems as soon as possible. In this review, the research progress on acute hemolysis and safe blood transfusion in G6PD are summarized.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the causes and specific conditions of blood donation reaction under the collective emergency unpaid blood donation, and to provide theoretical basis and decision-making reference for drafting the collective emergency unpaid blood donation and blood donation safety. METHODS: Through a combination of prospective and retrospective models, and statistical methods were used to analyze the causes and conditions of the blood donation response of 10401 people participating in collective emergency unpaid blood donation during 2016.1-2018.8. RESULTS: A total of 10401 person-times donated blood in a sitting manner, and a total of 293 blood donation reactions occurred. By improving the blood donation services year by year, the moderate blood donation reaction during the year 2017 and 2018 was significantly lower than that in 2016 (P＜0.05). In the actual blood donation group of≤100, 200, 300 and 400 ml, the incidence of blood donation reaction was statistically significant (P＜0.05); the incidence of blood donation reaction in the blood donors for 1,2,3 and ＞3 drnations was also statistically significant (P＜0.05); the blood donation reactions rate of B antigen containers was significantly different from the donors without B antigen (P＜0.05); the incidence of blood donation reaction with related to the weight of the donor. CONCLUSION The blood donation reaction of collective emergency unpaid blood donation closely relates with mental factors, blood donation service, blood donation frequency and body weight of the blood donor. The first blood donation is more likely to produce blood donation reaction. The blood donation volum≤ 100 ml from blood donors is resulted mostly from blood donation reactions.
Blood Donors ; Blood Group Antigens ; Humans ; Prospective Studies ; Retrospective Studies