Objective To investigate the risk factors of pressure ulcer in adult patients undergoing cardiovascular surgery and provide clinical evidences for the preventing pressure ulcer. Methods 2 690 subjects were recruited by the convenient sampling method and investigated by the self-designed risk factors assessment scale. The data were analyzed by the methods of logistic regression analysis. Results Age, gender, cardiopulmonary bypass time and values of lymphocyte were significantly related to the incidence of pressure ulcer( P < 0. 05). Conclusions The increase of age, the male and the extension of cardiopulmonary bypass time, the reduction of lymphocyte will increase the probability of pressure ulcer.

OBJECTIVETo study the effect of overexpression of Smad7 gene on cell proliferation in human bronchial epithelial cell lines.

METHODSHuman bronchial epithelial cell lines, BEP2D and BERP35T2 cells, were cotransfected with the mammalian expression vectors PCISmad7.neo and pMyc-SEAP, the latter was ac-myc cis-acting enhancer element fused with alkaline phosphatase (SEAP) reporter gene. Expression of c-myc, p15 and p21 mRNA was detected by RT-PCR before and after stable transfection of Smad7 into BEP2D and BERP35T2 cells in order to study the regulation of TGF-beta-mediated growth inhibition.

RESULTSAfter BEP2D and BERP35T2 cells transfected with Smad7, the transcriptional activity of c-myc was significantly increased. Smad7 overexpressing cells showed upregulation of c-myc expression and downregulation of p15 and p21 expression, which contributed to the loss of TGF-beta responses in these cells.

CONCLUSIONOverexpression of Smad7 may facilitate cell proliferation by antagonizing TGF-beta-mediated antiproliferative gene responses.

Bronchi ; cytology ; Cell Proliferation ; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic ; Cells, Cultured ; Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p15 ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21 ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Epithelial Cells ; cytology ; Humans ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Signal Transduction ; Smad7 Protein ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Transfection ; Transforming Growth Factor beta ; biosynthesis ; genetics

OBJECTIVETo explore seroepidemiological status and vaccine coverage of hepatitis B in children aging under 15 years old in Chaoyang district of Beijing.

METHODSA total of 1602 children aging under 15 years old, residents or floating population who had lived here more than six months, were randomly selected by multistage cluster sampling, from Chaoyang district of Beijing in year 2010. The demographic information and vaccine coverage of hepatitis B vaccine (HepB) were collected by self-designed questionnaire.5 ml blood was collected from each subject and the serum HBsAg, anti-HBs and anti-HBc were detected by Abbott microparticle enzyme-linked immunoassay. Those whose HBsAg was positive were then tested HBeAg and anti-HBe. The positive rate of hepatitis B indicators and coverage rate of HepB in different population were compared.

RESULTSThe positive rate of HBsAg, anti-HBs and anti-HBc were 0.56% (9/1602), 64.17% (1028/1602) and 2.12% (34/1602), respectively; while the age standardized rates were separately 0.57%, 66.36% and 1.98%; and the gender-adjusted rates were 0.56%, 64.23% and 2.12% respectively. The positive rate of anti-HBs was statistically significant (χ(2) = 165.445, P = 0.000). The positive rate of anti-HBs was up to 90.73% (235/259) among 1-2 years old children, followed by 76.22% (141/185) among 13 - 15 years old children, 67.21% (166/247) among 3 - 4 years old children, 61.22% (150/245) among 9 - 10 years old children, 60.68% (142/234) among 11 - 12 years old children, 49.05% (103/210) among 5 - 6 years old children and 40.99% (91/222) among 7 - 8 years old children. The average coverage rate of HepB was 90.44% (1371/1516), separately 93.76% (661/705) in residents and 87.55% (719/811) in floating population. The difference was statistically significant (χ(2) = 16.829, P = 0.000).

CONCLUSIONHBsAg positive rate in children under 15 years old in Chaoyang district of Beijing dropped to less than 1% and the coverage rate of HepB had reached over 90%. It is suggested that we should pay more attention to increase the coverage rate of HepB among floating children under 15 years old.

Adolescent ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; China ; epidemiology ; Female ; Hepatitis B ; epidemiology ; prevention & control ; Hepatitis B Antibodies ; blood ; Hepatitis B Vaccines ; administration & dosage ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Seroepidemiologic Studies ; Vaccination ; statistics & numerical data

OBJECTIVEThe pathogenesis of minimal change nephrotic syndrome (MCNS) remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the expression of interleukin-6 (IL-6) in rats with doxorubicin-induced nephropathy and its possible roles in the pathogenesis of MCNS.

METHODSEighty-three male Wistar rats were randomly assigned into a control group (n=32) and a nephropathy group (n=51). Nephropathy was induced by a single tail vein injection of doxorubicin (5 mg/kg). The control group was injected with normal saline. Twenty-four-hour urinary protein excretion was measured 7, 14, 28 and 42 days after doxorubicin injection. IL-6 expression in urine and renal tissues was determined using ELISA 7, 14, 28 and 42 days after doxorubicin injection.

RESULTSThe urinary protein excretion increased significantly in the nephropathy group 7, 14, 28 and 42 days after doxorubicin injection compared with that in the control group (P<0.01). IL-6 expression in urine and renal tissues increased significantly 7, 14, 28 and 42 days after doxorubicin injection compared with that in the control group (P<0.01). IL-6 expression in urine and renal tissues was positively correlated with 24-hour urinary protein excretion in the nephropathy group (r=0.794, P<0.01; r= 0.870, P<0.01). IL-6 expression in urine was positively correlated with that in renal tissues (r=0.739, P<0.01).

CONCLUSIONSIL-6 expression in the urine and renal tissues is increased in MCNS rats. IL-6 might play an important role in the pathogenesis of MCNS.

Animals ; Antibiotics, Antineoplastic ; toxicity ; Disease Models, Animal ; Doxorubicin ; toxicity ; Interleukin-6 ; analysis ; Kidney ; chemistry ; Male ; Nephrosis, Lipoid ; chemically induced ; immunology ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar

Animals ; Borrelia burgdorferi ; genetics ; China ; DNA, Bacterial ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Rodentia ; microbiology ; Sequence Analysis, DNA

OBJECTIVEThis project aims to investigate the nutrition status of children aged from 6 to 23 months living in Beichuan and Lixian where were seriously affected by the earthquake in 2008.

METHODSThe height, body weight and hemoglobin concentration were measured for 478 children from Leigu township, Qushan township in Beichuan county and Zagunao township, Xuecheng township and Putou township in Lixian county; the number of group 6 - 11, 12 - 17, 18 - 23 months were 190, 144, 144 respectively. The height for age (HAZ), the body weight for age (WAZ) and the weight for height (WHZ) were calculated respectively. The low weight, stunting, wasting prevalence, anemic rate were analyzed.

RESULTSThe WAZ scores of 6 - 23 months males and females in Beichuan county and Lixian county ranged from -0.97 to -0.13 and from -0.67 to -0.23, HAZ scores ranged from -1.23 to -0.31 and from -1.25 to -0.38, respectively. The WAZ (-0.89 ± 1.16) and HAZ (-1.20 ± 1.60) of 18 - 23 months infants in Beichuan county were significantly different from the WAZ and HAZ of 6 - 11 months (WAZ: -0.32 ± 0.92; HAZ: -0.58 ± 0.98) and 12 - 17 months (WAZ: -0.47 ± 1.00; HAZ: -0.68 ± 1.34) infants (F values were 7.161 and 4.584, respectively; all P values < 0.05). The WAZ (-0.63 ± 1.03) and HAZ (-1.11 ± 1.15) of 18 - 23 months in Lixian county infants were significantly different from the WAZ and HAZ of 6 - 11 months (WAZ: -0.23 ± 0.93; HAZ: -0.51 ± 1.55) infants and 12 - 17 months (WAZ: -0.58 ± 0.52; HAZ: -0.80 ± 1.19) (F values were 3.156, 4.345, all P values < 0.05). The prevalence of low weight infants (18 - 23 months) these two counties were 15.6% (12/77) and 9.1% (6/66), respectively. The prevalence of stunting in Beichuan and Lixian have reached 26% (20/77) and 24.2% (16/66), respectively. The wasting rate of 18 - 23 months infants had reached 9.1% (7/77) in Beichuan. The total anemia prevalence among infants reached 49.6% (123/248) and 78.8% (178/226) in Beichuan and Lixian, respectively. The prevalence of moderate anemia have reached 7.7% (19/248) and 19.9% (45/226), respectively.

CONCLUSIONAfter the earthquake in Beichuan, Lixian, the growth of infants aged 6 to 23 months old was below average. The prevalence of anemia was high. The malnutrition status of infant and young children aged from 18 to 23 months in Beichuan and Lixian was more serious, should be targeted of nutrition interventions.

China ; epidemiology ; Disasters ; Earthquakes ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant Nutritional Physiological Phenomena ; Male ; Malnutrition ; epidemiology ; Nutritional Status

Objective To monitor the co-infection status of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (R.b.s.1) and spotted fever group Rickettsia (SFGR) in tourist areas of Heilongjiang province.Methods Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to detect the 5S-23S rRNA intergenic spacer of B.b.s.1 and ompA of SFGR in ticks,dynamically collected from tourist areas of Heilongjiang province in 2010.Amplification products from positive ticks were sequenced,and phylogenetic analysis was conducted by Mega 5.0 software package.Results 849 ticks were collected from two tourist points,with the dominant ticks in Tiger Mountain and Jingpo Lake were Ixodes persulcatus and Haemaphysalis concinna.Regarding the Ixodes persulcatus from Tiger Mountain,the infection rates of B.b.s.1 and SFGR were 26.15％ and 10.05％.The infection rate of SFGR was 13.33％ in Haemaphysalis concinna and the B.b.s.1 was tndiscovered in the same ticks from Jingpo Lake.However,the co-infection could only be detected in Ixodes persulcatus of both tourist areas.Surveillance data showed that the major ticks were more likely to be appeared in July at Tiger Mountain and in June at Jingpo Lake.Data from the sequence analysis on B.b.s.1 showed that the B.b.s.1 in tourist areas could be classified into three different genotypes,other than B.garinii and B.afzelii.We first detected B.valaisiana-like group genotype in northeast of China.Results from the sequence analysis of SFGR positive products showed that the two DNA sequences of newly detected agents were completely the same as Rickettsia sp.HL-93 which was detected in Hulin and Rickettsia sp.H820 found in northeast,China.Conclusion The co-infection of B.b.s.1 and SFGR was detected in ticks from the tourist areas of Heilongjiang province,and data from the sequencing of specific fragment showed that various kinds of genotypes existed in this area.However; the rates of co-infectionitis-different according to environment,time and population that contributed to the kinds of and the index of ticks existed in the surveys points,also the infection rate of the ticks was studied.

Anti-Bacterial Agents ; pharmacology ; Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins ; Bacterial Typing Techniques ; Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests ; Neisseria meningitidis, Serogroup B ; classification ; drug effects ; genetics ; Phylogeny

OBJECTIVETo explore the family aggregation and risk factors of hepatitis B virus (HBV) transmission in Chaoyang district of Beijing.

METHODSA total of 5266 families were randomly selected for the multi-stage cluster sampling study in Chaoyang district of Beijing in 2010. The family members who aged between 1 and 70 years old and lived constantly in Beijing for over half a year, were recruited as subjects. There were 14 491 subjects in total, including temporary residents who did not have Beijing household account, except foreigners. 5 ml venous blood was drawn from every subject. A self-designed questionnaire was used to collect the basic information of the population and the risk factors of the hepatitis B transmission. Microparticle enzyme-linked immunoassay was applied to test five indicators of hepatitis B. Negative binomial distribution test was used among the HBsAg positive families to calculate the family aggregation rate of hepatitis B. Single factor analysis and multi-factor logistic regression model were used to analyze the risk factors of HBV transmission.

RESULTSIn all, 308 out of 5266 families had HBsAg positive members, accounting for 5.85%.383 out of 14 410 subjects were HBsAg positive, rating at 2.66%. The HBsAg positive rate among subjects under 14 years old was the lowest, at 0.56% (9/1603); and the positive rate among subjects aging between 35 and 44 years old was the highest, at 4.27% (47/1029). Negative binomial distribution test showed that the family aggregation rate of HBV infection was 7.66% (χ² = 15.10, P < 0.05). The analysis of family aggregation of HBsAg positive showed that 17.39% (8/46) of the transmission was from father to child, 13.04% (6/46) was from mother to child, 30.44% (14/46) was between couples, and another 39.13% (18/46) was between siblings or other relatives. Both single factor analysis and multi-factor logistic regression analysis showed that hepatitis B positive family members (OR = 5.40, 95%CI: 5.24 - 5.55), hepatitis B positive friends and colleagues (OR = 1.55, 95%CI: 1.11 - 1.99) and blood donation and transfusion history (OR = 1.96, 95%CI: 1.76 - 2.15) were the risk factors of HBV infection.

CONCLUSIONHBV transmission showed family aggregation in Beijing, however, the risk factors needed further studies.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Carrier State ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; China ; epidemiology ; Family Characteristics ; Female ; Hepatitis B ; epidemiology ; transmission ; Hepatitis B virus ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Risk Factors ; Young Adult

Adolescent ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Humans ; Male ; Meningitis, Meningococcal ; microbiology ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Neisseria meningitidis ; classification ; drug effects ; isolation & purification