Antiphospholipid Syndrome ; pathology ; physiopathology ; Child ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans

ObjectiveTo compare the diagnostic efficiency of 18F- FDG coincidence SPECT/CT and 99Tcm- MDP whole body bone scan (WBBS) in detecting malignancy.MethodsA total of 71 cases (male 45,female 26,mean age 59.2 ± 15.4 years) with clinically confirmed malignancy underwent both 99TcmMDP WBBS and 18F-FDG coincidence imaging within three weeks.The sensitivity,specificity,accuracy,positive and negative prediction value of these two imaging methods in detecting bone metastases were compared based on the results from pathology or clinical follow-up.x2test was used for data analysis.ResultsA total of 350 lesions (including primary,second malignancy and benign disease) in 71 patients were eval-uated.81.7％ (286/350) malignant lesions were identified by either 99Tcm-MDP WBBS (209/350,59.7％ ) or 18F-FDG coincidence imaging ( 141/350,40.3％ ) (x2 =25.65,P ＜ 0.01 ).The imaging findings of osteoblastic,osteolytic,mixed types of bone metastases by99Tcm-MDP WBBS and 18F-FDG coincidence imaging were significantly different (x2 =20.78,2.89 and 9.94,all P ＜ 0.05 ).The sensitivity,specificity,accuracy,false-positive,false-negative,positive and negative predictive values for detecting bone metastases by 18 F-FDG coincidence study and 99Tcm-MDP WBBS were as follows:11.72％ ( 15/128),91.67％(22/24),24.34％ (37/152),8.33％ (2/24),88.28％ (113/128),88.24％ (15/17),16.30％ (22/135) ; and 53.91％ (69/128),75.00％ ( 18/24),57.24％ (87/152),25.00％ (6/24),46.09％ (59/128),92.00％ (69/75),23.38％ ( 18/77 ).The sensitivity,accuracy,false-negative,positive-predicting value of the two methods had been significant different (x2 =32.70- 46.21,all P ＜ 0.01 ).When two methods were combined,the diagnostic efficiency could been improved.ConclusionThe 99Tcm-MDP WBBS and 18F-FDG coincidence imaging has a complementary role in detecting bone metastases.

Migraine headache causes significant burdens for both the individual and society.The pathogenesis of migraine is incompletely understood until now.The clinical therapies mainly include medical treatment,surgical treatment,behavior therapy,acupuncture and so on.However,drug treatment could only relieve symptom temporary and bring many side effects for long term use including nausea,vomiting.Surgical therapy maybe becomes an efficient method for migraine headache.The authors have reviewed the pathogenesis of migraine,anatomical basis for surgical therapy and clinical application in this article.

Colony-Forming Units Assay ; Cryopreservation ; methods ; Fetal Blood ; cytology ; Hematopoietic Stem Cells ; cytology ; Humans ; Immunotoxins ; immunology ; Leukocytes, Mononuclear ; cytology ; Ricin ; immunology ; T-Lymphocytes ; cytology ; immunology ; Time Factors

Objective To analyse the clinical efficacy of methotrexate (MTX) combined with intrauterine embryo sac garrotte injection in the treatment of cesarean scar pregnancy (CSP), and discuss its clinical significance. Methods A total of 77 patients with CSP treated in our hospital during June 2013 to December 2016 were selected in this study. Forty patients treated with embryo sac destruction and methotrexate injection were included in the observation group, while 37 cases treated by uterine artery embolization combined with curettage were used as the control group. The time of vaginal bleeding, the time of postoperative blood level of human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) returned to the normal level, average hospitalization cost and the curative rate were recorded in two groups. All patients were followed up by the outpatient visit. Results In the observation group, the vaginal bleeding time [(22.1±6.7) days vs. (29.5±10.8) days] and treatment cost [(8774.2 ± 714.5) yuan vs. (15258.3 ± 1084.2) yuan] were less than those of the control group (P<0.001). There were no significant differences in the recovery time of HCG [(26.4±9.0) days vs. (25.1±10.4) days] and treatment success rate (87.5%vs. 91.9%) between the two groups (P>0.05). No bleeding or threatened rupture of scar were found in two groups of patients. Conclusion In this study, we take the embryo sac puncture combined with methotrexate injection in the treatment of scar pregnancy. This method has the advantages of low operative difficulty, definite clinical curative effect and low cost

Objective To observe the effects of cyclosporin A on the expression of phosphorylated AKT in hepatocytes, and to investigate the mechanism of insulin resistance caused by cyclosporin A. Methods This study included two parts. 1. In vitro experiment:Human hepatocyte HL77022 cell line was cultured at different concentrations of cyclosporin A (0?1 μmol/L, 1 μmol/L, 5 μmol/L) for 48 hours. The expressions of phosphorylated AKT ( P?AKT) in HL77022 cells were measured by Western blot assay. 2. Rat in vivo experiment: SD rats were randomly divided into 2 groups. The rats in the control group were administrated with distilled water 1 mL/Kg/d. The rats in the cyclosporine group were administrated with cyclosporine 25 mg/Kg/d. The total experiment time was 5 months. The levels of fasting blood glucose and insulin were tested at the end of the experiment. The insulin resistance index and insulin sensitivity index were calculated. The expression of P?AKT in the rat hepatocytes was measured by immunohistochemistry. Results 1. Each group of the HL7702 cells treated by CsA ( 0?1 μmol/L, 1 μmol/L, 5 μmol/L ) showed a significantly decreased expression of P?AKT (P<0?05, P<0?01, and P<0?01). 2. After 5 months of therapy, the fasting blood glucose level of rats in the cyclosporine group was 9?28 mmol/L, indicating that cyclosporine?induced diabetic rat models were established. The insulin sensitivity index in the cyclosporine group was lower than that in the control group ( P<0?05 ) . The expression of P?AKT in liver in the cyclosporine group was significantly lower than that in the control group ( P <0?05) . Conclusions Therapeutic dose of cyclosporine has hyperglycemic effects on rats. Cyclosporine can reduce the expression of phosphorylated AKT in hepatic tissue in rats and also decrease the expression of P?AKT in human hepatocyte HL77022 cells, which indicate that cyclosporine may cause insulin resistance by interfering PI3K/AKT signal transduction pathway.

Objective To insestigate the pathophysiological mechanisms of spontaneous transient hyperperfusion after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion in rats.Methods Fifty-two SD rats were randomly allocated into sham-operation(group A),cerebral ischcmia 2-hour(group B), and cerebral ischemia 6-hour(group C)groups.Group B were redivided into 0-,0.5-,1-,2-,4-,6-,and 24-hour subgroups according to the reperfusion time;group C were redivided into 0-,0.5-,1-,2-,and 24-hour subgroups according to the reperfusion time (n=4 in each subgroup). Multislice spiral CT perfusion imaging(CTPI)was performed at different time points after ischemia-reperfusion in each group.After completing the scanning.the rats were sacrificed immediately for optical and electron microscopy examinations.Results In group A,compared to the contralateral sides.there were no significant differences in the relatise value of the cerebral blood flow parameters and the results of optical and electron microscopy in the sham-operated regions. In group B, the relative cerebral blood flow (rCBF) and relative cerebral blood volume (rCBV) in the ischemic core area were increased gradually with the extension of reperfusion time. The relative mean transit time (rMTT) and the relative time to peak (rTTP) were decreased gradually, There were no significant differences compared to group A at 6-hour after reperfusion. The optical and electron microscopy revealed that neuronal density in the ischemic core area in group B were decreased, part of the cell volume enlarged and showed vacuolated changes, and part of the neuronal cell bodies and nuclei shrinked, rCBF in the ischemic core area still maintained lower level with the extension of reperfusion time in group C. The ischemic core area showed the increased transient rCBV and rCBV at 0.5 hour after reperfusion in group B and C. The optical and electron microscopy showed that the ischemic core area presented a large number of necrotic and apoptotic cells, and inflammatory cell infiltration. At 6 hours after reperfusion in group B, the increased blood density was observed under the electron microscope in the ischemic core area, showing capillary engorgement and increased pressure. Conclusions The dynamic changes of CTPI in the process of rat middle cerebral artery occlusion and reperfusion have a certain correlation with the pathological mechanisms of injury. The ultra-early spontaneous and transient hyperperfusion after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion in rats is associated with the transient inflammatory hyperemia after reperfusion injury.

The chemical consitituents from cytotoxic fraction of the Callicarpa nudiflora extract were isolated and purified by a combination of HP-20 macroporous resin, silica gel and Sephadex LH-20 column chromatographies. The structures were elucidated on the basis of the spectroscopic data and comparison of their spectroscopic data with reported data. The cytotoxicity was evaluated by the MTT assay. The 50% and 70% EtOH elutions of EtOH-extract showed significant cytotoxic activities, leading to the isolation of twelve compounds, which were identified as luteoloside(1), lutedin-4'-O-β-D-glucoside(2), 6-hydroxyluteolin-7-O-β-glucoside(3), lutedin-7-O-neohesperidoside(4), rhoifolin (5), luteolin-7, 4'-di-O-glucoside (6), forsythoside B (7), acteoside (8), alyssonoside (9), catalpol(10), nudifloside(11), and leonuride(12). Compounds 3-6, 10 and 12 were isolated from this genus for the first time, and compound 9 was isolated from this plant for the first time. The cytotoxicity assay demonstrated that flavonoids 1-6, in various concentrations, showed monolithic proliferation inhibitory activities against Hela, A549 and MCF-7 cell lines. Compounds 3, 5 and iridoid glycoside 11 possessed higher cytotoxicacivities. In short, flavonoids are the main components of cytotoxic extract from C. nudiflora, while phenylethanoid glycosides are the predominant ingredient but inactive to cancer cell lines. In addition, the minor iridoid glycoside expressed weak cytotoxic activity.
Callicarpa ; chemistry ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Cytotoxins ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Humans ; MCF-7 Cells ; Molecular Structure

OBJECTIVETo explore fluid management and cause of death during shock period in severe burns or burns with inhalation injury.

METHODSOne hundred and twelve patients with severe burns or burn complicated by inhalation injury admitted to our hospital from 1991 to 2000 were analyzed. The fluid management and death conditions during shock period were discussed.

RESULTSThe fluid volume for resuscitation could be described as follows: the total fluid volume was 2.2 ml/(%TBSA.kg) including colloid fluid 0.5 ml/(%TBSA.kg), crystalloid fluid 1 ml/(%TBSA.kg)and water 0.7 ml/(%TBSA.kg) during first 24 hours. The total fluid volume was 1.8 ml/(%TBSA.kg) including colloid fluid 0.4 ml/(%TBSA.kg), crystalloid fluid 0.7 ml/(%TBSA.kg) and water 0.7 ml/(%TBSA.kg) during second 24 hours. There were no difference in fluid management between burns and burns with inhalation injury. Seven patients died due to respiratory failure during shock period.

CONCLUSIONSMany fluid formula can provide guidance for resuscitation and it is very important that early fluid therapy should accord with concrete clinical conditions of patients in order to pass smoothly through shock period. Early fluid management is not different between burns and burns with inhalation injury.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Burns ; mortality ; therapy ; Cause of Death ; Child ; Female ; Fluid Therapy ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Shock, Traumatic ; mortality ; therapy ; Smoke Inhalation Injury ; mortality ; therapy

Objective To study the effect of injured podocytes on glomerular maturation and its underlying mechanism in neonatal mice.Methods Single i.p.injection with puromycin aminonucleoside (PA,0.1 mg/g BW) was given to ICR neonatal mice at day 1 after birth (1 dpp). Littermates injected with normal saline (NS) were used as control.Animals were examined for urine protein,blood pressure,kidney weight/body weight (KW/BW),renal histology at 2,4,8,12, 30,60 and 90 dpp (n=6～9 for each group).Immunohistochemistry and quantitative RT-PCR were performed to examine the expression of WT-1,CD31,VEGF,Flk-1,Ang-1,Ang-2,Tie-1 and Tie-2.Results Mice with PA injection had lower kidney weight and body weight at all time points as well as lower KW/BW at 4,8,12 dpp when compared with NS controls.Electron microscopy revealed nearly complete foot process effacement and segmental microvillous transformation as early as 1 day after PA injection.PA-injected kidneys showed fewer capillary loops and decreased maturation index as well as less CD31-positive endothelium in cortical glomeruli at 12 dpp. Glomerular mesangial injury and developing glomerulosclerosis along with proteinuria were noted in PA-injected kidneys starting from 30 dpp.Significantly increased systolic blood pressure was detected at 60 dpp in PA mice.Compared with NS injection,PA injection significantly induced decreased mRNA expression of Flk-1 and Tie-2 as well as increased expression of Ang-1,without obvious changes of VEGF at 2 dpp.Conclusions Podocytes in neonatal kidney of ICR mice are susceptible to PA. Such podocyte injury can alter the expression of VEGF and angiopoietin system in glomeruli,leading to abnormal development of glomerular capillaries,and subsequent proteinuria,hypertension and glomerulosclerosis.