OBJECTIVETo investigate the correlations of 24 biochemical markers in the seminal plasma with routine semen parameters.

METHODSAccording to the WHO5 standards, we analyzed the routine semen parameters of 66 subfertile men, including the semen volume, sperm concentration, total sperm count, sperm motility, and the percentage of progressively motile sperm (PR). Based on the calibration and quality control measures and using an automatic biochemistry analyzer or electrolyte analyzer, we detected 24 biochemical markers in the seminal plasma of the patients, including total protein (TP), albumin (Alb), globulin (Glb), uric acid (UA), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (AKP), γ-glutamyltransferase (GGT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatine kinase (CK), alpha hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase (αHBDH), adenosine deaminase (ADA), glucose (Glu), triglyeride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), urea nitrogen (UN), creatinine (Cr), high-sensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP), K+, Na+, Cl- , Ca, Mg, and phosphorus (P). Then we analyzed the correlations of the 24 biochemical markers with routine semen parameters.

RESULTSThe levels of the TP, Alb, and Glb proteins in the seminal plasma were positively correlated with sperm concentration, so was that of Alb with the total sperm count, and the AST and LDH activities with sperm concentration and total sperm count. The AKP activity in the seminal plasma was correlated negatively with the semen volume, but positively with sperm motility. The αHBDH activity exhibited a positive correlation with both sperm concentration and total sperm count, with a coefficient of correlation (r) above 0.7. The UN level was correlated negatively with the semen volume, so was the Cr level with the semen volume, sperm concentration, and total sperm count, and the Glu level with sperm concentration and total sperm count. The TG level was correlated positively with the semen volume, but negatively with sperm motility. The levels of seminal plasma ALT, GGT, ADA, UA, TC, CK, and hsCRP showed no correlation with the above-mentioned semen parameters. None of the seminal plasma K+, Na+, Ca, Mg, and P levels was found correlated with semen parameters except the Cl- level, which was negatively correlated with the semen volume.

CONCLUSIONMany biochemical markers in the seminal plasma are closely related to routine semen parameters, indicating that these biochemical components may play roles in spermatogenesis, sperm maturation, and physiological metabolism.

Biomarkers ; chemistry ; Humans ; Male ; Semen ; chemistry ; Semen Analysis ; Sperm Count ; Sperm Motility

Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma and Atractylodis Rhizoma were widely used in strengthening spleen under different disease conditions, and were easily and often misused each other. Therefore, DNA barcode was used to distinguish Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma and Atractylodis Rhizoma from their adulterants to ensure the safe use. The sequence lengths of ITS2 of Atractylodes macrocephala, Atractylodis Rhizoma (A. lancea, A. japonica and A. coreana) were both 229 bp. Among the ITS2 sequences of A. macrocephala, only one G/C transversion was detected at site 98, and the average GC content was 69.42%. No variable site was detected in the ITS2 sequences of A. lancea. The maximum K2P intraspecific genetic distances of both A. japonica and A. coreana were 0.013. The maximum K2P intraspecific genetic distances of A. macrocephala, A. lancea, A. japonica and A. coreana were less than the minimum interspecific genetic distance of adulterants. The ITS2 sequences in each of these polytypic species were separated into pairs of divergent clusters in the NJ tree. DNA barcoding could be used as a fast and accurate identification method to distinguish Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma, Atractylodis Rhizoma, from their adulterants to ensure its safe use.
Atractylodes ; classification ; genetics ; DNA Barcoding, Taxonomic ; methods ; DNA, Plant ; genetics ; DNA, Ribosomal Spacer ; genetics ; Drug Contamination ; prevention & control ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; classification ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Phylogeny ; Quality Control ; Rhizome ; classification ; genetics

OBJECTIVETo compare the effect of reinforcing Shen method (RSM) and activating blood method (ABM) in treating osteoarthritis (OA) at the molecular level.

METHODSThe physical and chemical characteristics of components from respective recipes of RSM and ABM, and network features of component-target interaction network were analyzed by computer simulation methods including chemical space, molecular docking, and biological network, etc.

RESULTSThe chemical components of RSM and ABM were scarcely scattered with larger overlapping. Among established networks, the distribution of network features was partially similar in RSM and ABM. The average target number correlated with each component was 1.86 in RSM and 2.11 in ABM respectively. Each average target number was respectively correlated with 4.46 compounds and 3.93 compounds, reflecting multi-component and multi-target actions.

CONCLUSIONComputer simulation could intuitively trace out similarities and differences of two different methods and their interaction with targets, which revealed that the compatibility of RSM and ABM could have broader protein targets and potential synergism at the molecular level.

Computer Simulation ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Osteoarthritis ; drug therapy ; Phytotherapy ; methods

Objective To discuss the influence of the high quality nursing service demonstration project on the doctor-patient relationship.Methods Retrospective study was adopt to compare the nursing service,accompanying rate and patient's satisfaction rate before and after taking the high quality care service demonstration project.Results Nursing service had been improved,with accompanying rate falling from 100.0％to 70.0％ ( x2 =1 116.3,P ＜ 0.05),patients' satisfaction rate increasing from 92.0％ to 99.0％ ( x2 =180.3,P ＜ 0.05 ),the doctors' satisfaction rate increasing from 96.0％ to 100.0％ ( x2 =2.8,P ＜ 0.05 ),and nursing quality control deficiency rate decreasing from 25.0％ to 12.0％ ( x2 =5.6,P ＜ 0.05 ).Conclusions The nursing service demonstration project can ameliorate the doctor-patient relationship by carrying out humanized service.

0.05),while the level of IL-8,TNF-? and endotoxin changed significantly during CRRT(Pa

Objective To develop a liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry(LC-MS/MS) method for determination of s teicoplanin in human plasma.Methods The plasma samples were precipitated by methnaol,then the supernatant were separated on Eclipse Plus C1s column (2.1 mm × 100 mm,3.5 μm) and eluted with methnaol-10 mmol · L-1 ammonium acetate(85:15,v/v,containing 0.1％ formic acid),and the column temperature was 25 ℃.Detection of the analyte was achieved using positive ion electrospray ionization (ESI) in the multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode.The MS/MS ion transitions monitored were m/z 1880.1→m/z 1563.0,m/z→748.8 m/z 158.1 for teicoplaninand internal standard,respectively.The specificity,standard curve and lower limitation of quantitation,precision and recovery rate,stability and matrix effect were investigated.Results The linear regression equation was y =1.63 × 10-2x-2.95 × 10-3(r =0.9963).The linear range of teicoplanin was 0.10-20.00 μg · mL-1,with the lower limit of quantitation (LLOQ) of 0.10 μg · mL-1.The accuracy was 93.56％-105.12％.Intra-day and inter-dayrelative standard deviations were both below 15％.The absolute recovery in plasma was 80.32％-88.28％.The matrix effect was 91.78％-108.56％.Conclusion The established method is rapid,sensitive,accurate,specific and reliable,and it is suitable for the determination of teicoplanin in human plasma and pharmacokinetic study.

Objective To investigate the relationship between myocardial ischemia and slow coronary flow phenomenon with 99Tcm-methoxyisobutylisonitrile (MIBI) adenosine myocardial perfusion SPECT imaging. Methods Forty-four patients were divided to three groups according to the result of coronary angiography(CAG). There were GAG-positive(P-GAG) (n=12),slow coronary flow (CSF) (n =22),and normal coronary flow (NCF) (n = 10). Results of adenosine myocardial perfusion imaging were compared among these three groups. Semi-quantitative visual scoring method was used to evaluate the myocardial perfusion:0 = normal,1 = mild decrease,2 = moderate decrease,3 = severe decrease,4 = defect. Statistical analysis was performed using variance analysis,t-test and x2-test. Results No significance was observed at age ( t =0.27,0. 54 and 0. 59),sex (x2 = 0. 92),hypertension,hyperlipemia and diabetes (x2 = 1.23,all P ＞ 0.05 ) among the three groups. A significantly higher frames of the coronary thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI) flow was noted in CSF than in NCF groups (33.7 ±5.5 vs 17.6 ±3.9,t = 9. 58,P ＜0. 001 ). The positive adenosine myocardial perfusion imaging rate were significant among these three groups with 100% (12/12) in P-CAG group,77.3% (17/22) in CSF group,and 20% (2/10) in NCF group. When using semi-quantitative visual scoring method,significantly higher average ischemia segments were noted in CSF group than in NCF group ( 1.06 ± 0.77 and 0. 91 ± 0.80,t = - 2. 02,P ＜ 0. 05 ),but was less than that in P-CAG group (2.41 ±0.79,t =4. 54,P ＜0.001 ). The degree of ischemia of CSF group was higher than that in NCF group ( 8.01 ± 6.06,and 2.73 ± 2.60,t = - 2.07,P ＜ 0.05 ) and was less than that in P-CAG group (14. 07 ±12. 77 ,t=1.44,P＞0. 05). Conclusion Slow coronary flow phenomenon can be detected by adenosine myocardial perfusion image to offer the evidence of diagnosis and treatment for the chest pain patients with negative coronary angiography results.

A new computer-assisted vector-cardiogram analyzing system Model TJ-IV developed based on Model TJ-III, has been using in the routine clinical work in order to evaluate its features and performances. The system employs a 586 computer with a CPU of 120 MHz, a special low-noise amplifier, a 12 bit A/D tranducer and the C language for programming. The examinations of 206 cases were performed and all the vector-cardiograms were analyzed by the computer system and by manipulative methods respectively. In comparison with the manipulative methods the system has a very high accuracy of picture-recognition. The accuracy for distinguishing the onsets and terminals of orthogonal ECG waves is 98% while that for distinguishing the peaks and troughs of the waves is 100%. These waves include P, Q, R, S, R' and S' waves. The new system is capable to provide the parameters of more than 591 items, including 46 newly-developed diagnostic parameters. The testing and analyzing of 12 parameters of orthogonal ECG and plane VCG have proved that the results of the aboved two methods have no difference. The new system has a very high accuracy of picture-recognition and index calculation with many technical problems existing in the old versions, solved--a great improvement of safety and anti-interference and an increase of the detecting & diagnostic speed.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Automatic Data Processing ; Computer Systems ; Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted ; instrumentation ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Myocardial Infarction ; diagnosis ; Reference Values ; Reproducibility of Results ; Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted ; Software ; Vectorcardiography ; instrumentation

OBJECTIVEDescribe the prevalence and risk factors for suicidal ideation and suicide attempt among outpatients at general hospitals in Beijing.

METHODSTrained psychiatric nurses obtained data about the characteristics of suicidal thoughts and suicide attempts from 2877 persons 15 years of age or older who were consecutive outpatients at 35 level-1, 8 level-2 and 7 level-3 general hospitals selected from all hospitals in Beijing by stratified random sampling. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify risk factors for suicidal ideation and suicide attempt.

RESULTSThe lifetime prevalence of suicidal ideation and suicide attempt were 6.08% (95% CI: 5.25% - 7.25%) and 1.18% (0.82% - 1.65%), respectively. Mutivariate logistic analysis found that the most important risk factors for suicidal ideation were hopelessness in the prior year (OR = 7.96), current depression (OR = 3.41), younger age (OR for < 35 = 2.83; OR for 35 - 55 = 2.08), having a blood relative with prior suicidal behavior (OR = 2.58), and so forth; the most important risk factors for suicide attempt were younger age (OR for < 35 = 4.96; OR for 35 - 55 = 4.40), hopelessness in the prior year (OR = 4.02), self-report of health status in last weeks as poor (OR = 2.81), not currently married (never married, divorced, widowed, etc) (OR = 2.80), and so forth. Four variables were independent risk factors for both suicidal ideation and suicide attempt: hopelessness in the last year, younger age, having associates with prior suicidal behavior and female gender.

CONCLUSIONSMany patients treated at medical, surgical and other outpatient departments of general hospitals in Beijing are depressed and at risk for suicide; this is particularly true of young female patients who feel hopeless about their future. Outpatient clinicians need to be trained to identify such patients, to assess the severity of their psychological problems and, if necessary, to provide appropriate treatment or refer them for psychiatric evaluation.

Adult ; Age Factors ; China ; epidemiology ; Depression ; epidemiology ; Female ; Health Surveys ; Hospitals, General ; Humans ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Multivariate Analysis ; Outpatients ; psychology ; statistics & numerical data ; Prevalence ; Risk Factors ; Sex Factors ; Suicide ; psychology ; statistics & numerical data ; Suicide, Attempted ; psychology ; statistics & numerical data

Reproductive tract infection is one of the important factors of male reproduction. Polymorphonuclear neutrophil elastase (PMNE) in semen, as a marker of male reproductive tract inflammation, especially recessive infection, potentially affects male fertility. The concentration of PMNE in semen is correlated significantly not only with semen white blood cell count and seminal plasma ROS level, but also with the levels of other inflammation related cytokines, such as IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-alpha. Furthermore, PMNE has a negative impact on sperm quality by decreasing sperm motility, increasing the percentage of morphologically abnormal sperm and interfering with DNA integrity. PMNE inhibitors in semen can form a compound with PMNE, and the imbalanced proportions of the two may promote the development of chronic inflammation, and consequently lead to male infertility. At present, PMNE in semen is detected mainly by enzyme immunoassay, but this method still needs to be standardized, and the diagnostic standards to be unified.
Humans ; Leukocyte Elastase ; Male ; Semen ; enzymology