Adult ; Ejaculatory Ducts ; surgery ; Genital Diseases, Male ; surgery ; Humans ; Hyperthermia, Induced ; adverse effects ; Iatrogenic Disease ; Infertility, Male ; etiology ; Male ; Prostatitis ; therapy ; Urethra

OBJECTIVETo investigate the blood supply of the pedicle fat grafts with the third lumbar segmental artery and its clinical effects on reoperation for lumbar disc herniation.

METHODSTwelve sides of 6 adult cadaver examples were contributed to investigate the courser of lumbar segmental vessels and the distribution of hypodermic capillary net of the dorsal branch of the third lumbar segmental artery. From January 2000 to January 2007,49 patients needed reoperation to treat lumbar disc herniation,including 26 males and 23 females with an average age of 55.6 years (ranged from 39 to 70 years). Duration between two operations ranged from 8 months to 15 years with an average of 6.9 years. Reoperative reasons included recurrent lumbar disc protrusion(30 cases)postoperative epidural scar formation (17 cases), postoperative epidural cyst formation (2 cases). Of them,9 patients underwent posterior lumbar interbody fusion at the second operation. The pedicle fat grafts with the third lumbar segmental artery were covered on the sites of the laminectomy in these patients. After negative pressure drainage tube were pulled out, 2 ml Chitsan were injected to the sites of the laminectomy and around epidural nerve root through epidural catheter. VAS score and the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) were used to assess clinical outcomes before and after operation.

RESULTSThe courser of third lumbar segmental vessels were invariant at the lateral face of the lumbar vertebral body. The dorsal branch of the third lumbar segmental artery penetrated thoracolumbar fascia and formed rich hypodermic capillary net in the region. All patients were followed up from 5 to 8 years with an average of 5.6 years. VAS score of low back pain and leg pain decreased respectively from preoperative 7.6 +/- 1.2, 8.9 +/- 0.9 to 3.6 +/- 0.5, 3.0 +/- 0.4 at final follow-up (P < 0.01); and ODI score decreased from preoperative 44.1 +/- 6.2 to 13.9 +/- 3.6 at final follow-up (P < 0.01). According to ODI score to evaluate the clinical outcomes, 29 cases got excellent results, 11 good, 7 fair, 2 poor.

CONCLUSIONThe pedicle fat grafts with the third lumbar segmental artery and Chitsan can reduce epidural scar formation and prevent peridural fibrosis and adhesion and improve clinical effects of reoperation for lumbar disc herniation.

Adipose Tissue ; pathology ; Adult ; Aged ; Arteries ; pathology ; physiopathology ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Intervertebral Disc Displacement ; pathology ; physiopathology ; surgery ; Lumbar Vertebrae ; blood supply ; pathology ; surgery ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Reoperation ; Transplantation ; Treatment Outcome

Objective To choose proper proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy(~1XH-MRS) parameters to fit for practical femoral marrow cavity and to produce short-timed,well-repeated and excellent ~1H-MRS images.Methods The tentative study of ~1H-MRS on the normal femoral bone marrow in 26 volunteers was performed with a 1.5 T MR after the informed consent.The single-voxel spectroscopy and stimulated echo acquisition mode were used for ~1H-MRS collection.~1H-MRS parameters for 12 volunteers were 128 acquisitions,1 cm?1 cm?1 cm volume of interest(VOI)size and repeatedly 2—3 times within the same location.~1H-MRS parameters for another:14 volunteers were different numbers of acquisition (128 and 256 times,respectively)and different VOI sizes(2 cm?2 cm?2 cm and 1 cm?1 cm?1 cm, respectively).Results For ~1H-MRS with 1 cm?1 cm?1 cm size of VOI and 128 times of acquisition with the full width haft max of water≤8—12 Hz,the base-line was steady and the signal-noise ratio was high up to 11.31.~1H-MRS was different in the different femoral locations showing the maximum peak sites at near 0.90 ppm(?10~(-6))or 1.65 ppm,but~1H-MRS within the same location was always same or similar with different VOI sizes(1 cm?1 cm?1 cm or 2 cm?2 cm?2 cm)or different numbers of acquisition(128 or 256 times).~1H-MRS acquisition time was not related with the size of VOI but with the numbers of acquisition.128 and 256 times of acquisition cost 199 s and 391 s,respectively.Conclusion With the technique of small size of VOI(1 cm?1 cm?1 cm)and decreased numbers of acquisition(128 times),it is propable to get well-repeated and excellent ~1H-MRS within less time.It is also more practical for clinics to achieve ~1H-MRS of the femoral marrow with the proper technique.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the efficacy and safety of sertraline and vardenafil in the treatment of patients with concomitant erectile dysfunction (ED) and premature ejaculation (PE).

METHODSSixty patients with concomitant ED and PE received at our clinic of andrology were randomly divided into a vardenafil group and a sertraline group. The vardenafil group received flexible doses of vardenafil from 10 mg to 20 mg and the sertraline group 50 mg daily, both for 2 months. The differences in IIEF-5 before and after the treatment were recorded and compared, and the results of ED treatment evaluated. Intravaginal ejaculatory latency time (IELT) was recorded to evaluate the outcome of PE treatment.

RESULTSIn the vardenafil group, 24 patients had their ED improved and the efficacy rate was 80%, as compared with 27% in the sertraline group. There was significant difference between the two groups (P < 0.05). Twenty patients had their PE improved in vardenafil group, with an efficacy rate of 67% as compared with 40% in the sertraline group. The difference was significant between the two groups (P < 0.05). In both of the two groups, a significantly higher rate of PE improvement was found in patients with improved ED than in those without. Only mild side effects were recorded, and none withdrew from the treatment.

CONCLUSIONTo patients with concomitant ED and PE, the key to the treatment is to improve their erectile function, and for this purpose, vardenafil works better than sertraline.

Adult ; Ejaculation ; drug effects ; Erectile Dysfunction ; drug therapy ; Humans ; Imidazoles ; therapeutic use ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors ; therapeutic use ; Piperazines ; therapeutic use ; Serotonin Uptake Inhibitors ; therapeutic use ; Sertraline ; therapeutic use ; Sulfones ; therapeutic use ; Treatment Outcome ; Triazines ; therapeutic use ; Vardenafil Dihydrochloride

The Treatment Satisfaction Scale (TSS) has been developed to assess various concepts related to erectile dysfunction (ED) treatment satisfaction in patients and their partners. The self-report questionnaire consists of 4 modules: unmedicated patient, medicated patient, unmedicated partner, and medicated partner modules, measuring a range of sexuality concepts considered important by ED patients and their partners including six domains: "Confidence", "Ease with Erection", "Erectile Function Satisfaction", "Pleasure from Sexual Activity", "Satisfaction with Orgasms", and "Satisfaction with Medication". The TSS is an internationally valid, psychometrically sound instrument to assess patient and partner satisfaction with ED therapy. In a recent double-blind, multicenter, parallel arms, flexible dose clinical trial, the TSS was used to compare patient and partner's satisfaction with vardenafil and placebo therapy. The results demonstrated that vardenafil significantly improved not only erectile function, but also confidence, ease of erection, pleasure, and satisfaction with erectile function, orgasm and medication in men ED and their partners. These attributes are considered to be essential in the acceptance and continued use of PDE5 inhibitor therapy for ED.
Double-Blind Method ; Erectile Dysfunction ; drug therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Imidazoles ; therapeutic use ; Male ; Patient Satisfaction ; Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors ; therapeutic use ; Piperazines ; therapeutic use ; Sexual Partners ; psychology ; Sulfones ; therapeutic use ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Treatment Outcome ; Triazines ; therapeutic use ; Vardenafil Dihydrochloride

OBJECTIVETo identify the anatomical variability of the left spermatic vein (LSV) and determine its effect on the induction of experimental left varicocele (ELV) in adolescent rats.

METHODSWe equally randomized 30 adolescent male SD rats to groups A (LSV collaterals fully ligated and the left renal vein constricted), B (only the left renal vein constricted), and C (sham operation), observed the courses of the LSVs and measured their diameters. At 30 days after operation, we analyzed the changes in the left kidneys and the diameters of the LSVs.

RESULTSIrregular collaterals were observed in 90% of the LSVs and no abnormal changes were found in the left kidneys after surgery. The postoperative LSV diameter was remarkably increased in group A as compared with the baseline ([1.47 +/- 0.15 ] vs [0.16 +/- 0.08] mm, P < 0.01), but showed no significant difference in group B ([0.31 +/- 0.49] vs [0.15 +/- 0.07] mm, P > 0.05) and C ([0.17 +/- 0.07] vs [0.16 +/- 0.06] mm, P > 0.05), and it was significantly longer in A than in B (P < 0.01). The success rate of ELV induction was 100% in group A and 10% in group B, but no varicocele was observed in group C.

CONCLUSIONCorrect identification of the anatomical course of the LSV and ligation of its irregular collaterals are essential for the establishment of a stable and consistent ELV model.

Animals ; Disease Models, Animal ; Kidney ; pathology ; Ligation ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Spermatic Cord ; blood supply ; Varicocele ; Veins ; abnormalities

Objective To evaluate the situation of musculoskeletal imaging research at home and abroad and the disparity and consistency between them.Methods Statistic analysis was done with the musculoskeletal articles published in those journals during the last decade,including Chinese Journal of Radiology,Journal of Clinical Radiology,Radiology,American Journal of Roentgenology(AJR)and the British Journal of Radiology(BJR).Results The development of museuloskeletal imaging research was very imbalaneed among different areas and hospitals in China.The rate of clinical research treatise and imaging technique articles at home was 76.3%(357/468)and 10.0%(47/468),respectively,while that was 75.7%(731/966)and 10.8%(105/966),respectively abroad.The rate of MR image technique articles in China was lower than that abroad.The rate of articles on basic research at home and abroad was 5.3%(25/468)and 7.9%(76/966),respectively.The rate of articles about museuloskeletal imaging simply using CT or MR at home was 20.1%(94/468)and 29.7%(139/468),respectively,while that was 5.1%(49/966)and 60.4%(548/966),respectively abroad.The rate of articles about interventional therapy and synthetic imaging at home was 9.2%(43/468)and 29.3%(137/468),respectively,while that was 4.7%(45/966)and 22.5%(217/966),respectively abroad.With regard to the diseases category,the research focused on the bone tumors and the tumor-like disease in China,while in other countries,the research focus had been diverted to the trauma of bone and joint,and the anatomy and disease of muscle and ligament,which was unsatisfactory in China.More focus had been put on imaging anatomy, cartilage disease and osteoporosis in other countries than in China.The research on the radiation dosage the subject received in the examination,the apphcation of Micro-CT and Micro-MR to musculoskeletal imaging was developed in other countries,but it had not been reported in China.Conclusion Although great success has been achieved in the research of musculoskeletal imaging in the last decade,there is still much disparity comparing with other countries,and the research is very imbalanced among different areas and hospitals in China.We should emphasize the application of MRI to musculoskeletal system and pay more attention to the basic research and imaging anatomy research,especially the research on ligament,muscle and cartilage.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of transurethral resection of ejaculatory ducts (TURED) for azoospermia with ejaculatory duct obstruction (EDO).

METHODSFrom June 2003 to December 2004, 20 azoospermia with EDO were diagnosed, diagnostic criteria included a history, physical examination, semen analyses, semen fructose measurement, endocrine assessment, testicular biopsy and transrectal ultrasonography (TRUS); All 20 cases were treated by TURED. Fifteen of them were followed up more than 3 months after the treatment. The semen samples of them were analysed at 3-month intervals in post-therapy.

RESULTSSemen analyses in all 20 cases showed the typical characteristics of EDO, low semen volume (0.4-1.6 ml), azoospermia, low pH, absent or low semen fructose. TRUS showed the main etiology factor of EDO was a midline cyst in 11, lateral cystic lesions in 2, the remaining 7 cases had dilated ejaculatory duct with or without dilated seminal vesicles. Among 15 cases followed up more than 3 months after TURED, 10/15 (67%) had an improvement in semen parameters and 3/15 (20%) had pregnancies. Semen analyses had not been done in anther 5 cases.

CONCLUSIONTransurethral resection of ejaculatory ducts may be a safe and effective method for the treatment of azoospermia with EDO.

Adult ; Azoospermia ; diagnosis ; surgery ; Ejaculatory Ducts ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; surgery ; Electrosurgery ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Oligospermia ; diagnosis ; Ultrasonography

Stem cell can both self-renew and have the ability to differentiate into one or more cell types that perform normal tissue/organ function throughout life, including embryonic stem cell and adult stem cell. The treatment with stem cells will be widely used in the future. This article reviews recent advances in studies of the use of embryonic stem cells and spermatogonial stem cells in male reproduction.
Embryonic Stem Cells ; transplantation ; Humans ; Male ; Spermatogonia ; cytology ; Stem Cell Transplantation ; trends ; Stem Cells ; cytology

OBJECTIVETo study the protective effects of salidroside on injury induced by hypoxia/hypoglycemia in cultured SH-SY5Y cell.

METHODApoptosis and intracellular free calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) were measured by flow cytometry, morphological changes and neuronal necrosis were observed with fluorescence microscope, and the lactic dehydrogenate (LDH) release was measured by LDH kits.

RESULTHypoxia/hypoglycemia cultures for 2 hours induced neuronal apoptosis and necrosis. They were 18.59% (P < 0.01) and 4.94% (P < 0.01) respectively. There were morphological changes including chromatin condensation, nuclear fragmentation and formed apoptotic bodies after exposed to hypoxia/hypoglycemia for 2, 4, 6, 12 hours. After 2 hours of hypoxia/hypoglycemia, neuronal [Ca2+]i and the release of LDH were significantly increased. They were 8.46 nmol/L (P < 0.01) and 16.59% (P < 0.01) respectively. The effects were enhanced with the extending time of hypoxia/hypoglycemia. Salidroside might have significantly decreased the percentage of neuronal apoptosis and necrosis, reduced neuronal [Ca2+]i and the release of LDH. The effects of salidroside were strengthened with the increasing of Salidroside dosage.

CONCLUSIONSalidroside has effect of anti-neuronal apoptosis. This effect might be related to its function of decreasing intracellular free calcium concentration.

Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Calcium ; metabolism ; Cell Hypoxia ; drug effects ; Glucosides ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Hypoglycemia ; metabolism ; pathology ; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase ; metabolism ; Neurons ; pathology ; Neuroprotective Agents ; pharmacology ; Phenols ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Rhodiola ; chemistry