Total glucosides of paeony (TGP)is used to treat rheumatoid arthritis(RA)as the first immunoregulatory drug in clinic.The efficacy of TGP in treating RA patients is definite, which is accompanied with mild adverse reaction and slow effects simultaneously.Paeoniflorin (Pae ),the main constituents of TGP,has a bioavailability of 3% ~4%,which may be served as the main reason for its slow effects.Therefore,in this paper,the pharmacokinetics of Pae as well as its influencing factors were re-viewed on basis of pulished papers.In addition,some problems about Pae were also discussed.

Objective To investigate the degenerative changes in the inner rat retina after photic injury. Methods After 24 hour-dark adaptation, sixty Lewis rats were exposed in a ventilated green plexiglass chamber that transmitted continuous green light between 480-520 nm with an intensity of 900～1 000 lx. After 24-hour exposure, the rats stayed in darkness and were sacrificed after 1 day, 3,7 or 14 days. The neurons in the inner retina were marked by immunohistochemical technique and observed by light and electronic microscope. Results The apoptotic photoreceptor cells were noted after photic injury. The degeneration and decreasing number of rod bipolar cells were found after 3 days; the edema of horizontal cells occurred after 1 day but ameliorated gradually; decreasing number of amacrine cells was found after 1 day; sustained edema of ganglion cells and prolifeeration of the M?ller cells were found after photic injury. Pyknotic and edematous neruronal degenerations of inner retina were found in ultrastructural study. Conclusion The neurons in the inner retina as well as M?ller cells are involved in the degeneration after photic injury. Different neurons manifest different patterns of degeneration.

Objective To investigate the physicochemical property of Pae-6’O-benzene sulfonate ( CP-25 ) . Meth-ods The CP-25 physicochemical property was evaluated by appearance, Lieberman-Burchard reaction, thin-layer chromatogram, Ultraviolet Spectrophotometry ( UV) , solubility and stability. The content of CP-25 was assayed by high performance liquid chromatography. Results The CP-25 had color response featured by terpenoid, and its maximum UV absorption wavelength was 220 nm. CP-25 was slightly soluble in water and petroleum ether. The main influence factor of CP-25 stability was humidity. Conclusion The present study provides experimental basis for quality standard and formulation design of CP-25 .

Objective To investigate the degradation kinetics of paeoniflorin-6-O’- benzenesulfonate ( CP-25 ) in vitro. Methods The homogenates of liver and intestine were prepared in vitro, and concentrations of CP-25 in ho-mogenates were detected by HPLC. Results CP-25 was obviously degradable in liver and intestine homogenates, and half life of degradation was decreased when levels of homogenates increased;the metabolisms of CP-25 in dif-ferent homogenates of intestine were diverse, the metabolic actions in duodenum and colon were weaker than those of jejunum and ileum. Conclusion Oral administration of CP-25 suffers first pass elimination from intestine and liver, which suggests the absorption of CP-25 could be further improved by appropriate pharmaceutical preparations.

Objective To explore the practical value of liver transient elastography technique in the detection of chronic hepatitis B fibrosis.Methods The liver biopsy and transient elastography technique was detected in 106 patients with chronic hepatitis B.Observation index included:alanine aminotransferase (ALT),aspartate aminotransferase (AST),total bilirubin (TBIL),albumin (ALB),platelet (PLT),statistial analysis was performed in liver biopsy and fibroscan results by SPSS17.0 software.Results Liver stiffness measurement (LSM) was positively correlated with ALT,AST and TBIL,and which was negatively correlated with ALB,PLT,and which was positively correlated with liver fibrosis stage.The area under the ROC curve by the LSM prediction of liver fibrosis S4,S3,S2 stage were 0.869 (95％ CI 0.809-0.918),0.841 (95％ CI 0.810-0.901),0.806 (95％ CI 0.747-0.866),the corresponding critical value was 22.9,14.8,10.2 kPa.Conclusion There is a good correlation between fibroscan and liver fibrosis,LSM ＞ 10.2 kPa can be considered in patients with antiviral therapy.

0.05), and Naoxing Nasal Spray can improve blood rheology, increase cerebral blood flow, promote the removal of free radical, reduce lipid peroxidation, correct TXA 2/PGI 2 imbalance and counteract thrombus formation.

Objective To explore the effects of hypoxia on the growth,mitochondria distribution and function of mouse embryonic fibroblasts(MEFs).Methods MEFs were sub-cultured in the hypoxia group containing 5％ oxygen and normal oxygen group containing 20％ oxygen,every 24 hours,living MEFs were counted by using trypan blue staining.Mito-Tracker Green was used to stain mitochondria,then cells were observed by using laser confocal microscope.The ATP kit was used to detect ATP synthesis.Results During the logarithmic phase,the numbers of living cells in the hypoxia group were higher than those in the normal oxygen group,the differences were statistically significant (P＜0.05).The percentages of perinuclear mitochondrial in the hypoxia group were higher than those in the normal oxygen group,the differences were statistically significant (P＜0.05).Meanwhile,the significant difference was found in the ATP level between the two groups (P＜0.05).Conclusion The distribution of mitochondria in MEFs and energy synthesis are influenced by the hypoxic culture condition,which could be better for promoting cell growth compared with normal oxygen culture condition.

Objective To investigate the influence of molecular targeted therapy (thalidomide,lenalidomide or bortezomib) on survival and curative effect of patients with multiple myeloma (MM).Methods The treatment of 217 patients diagnosised as MM from 1998 to 2013 were reviewed.The survival of patients who were diagnosed during different periods were compared,and the impact of improved treatment on the survival and curative effect of patients were analyzed.Results Patients who were recently diagnosed as MM after 1998 had better survival.75 patients with targeted therapy (thalidomide or bortezomib) for their early treatment had better survival compared to the patients with conventional treatments of MP/VAD.49 patients with targeted therapy after relapse or progression had a better curative effect than those with conventional treatments.16 patients had auto-ASCT or allo-SCT,and 4 of them had both auto-ASCT and allo-SCT,who had better survival than patients without transplantation.Conclusion Patients treated with molecular targeted therapy (thalidomide,lenalidomide,bortezomib) had a better curative effect and longer survival.

Objective To test the reliability and validity of the Chinese Version of the Fatigue severity scale (FSS)in patients with cerebral infarction.Methods The FSS was translated into Chinese language and the reverse translation was done by several experts.Validity,dimensionality,and reliability tests were implemented in 153 cases of cerebral infarction.Results One component was extracted in factor analysis,and the total cumulative contribu- tion was 64.982%.Based on the Mokken Scale analysis for Polytomous items analyses,the scale was found to be u- nidimensional and scale H is 0.6125,Cronbach?of the scale is 0.9287.Conclusion The psychometric proper- ties(reliabilities and validities)of FSS Chinese Version was satisfactory and seemed to be adaptable to Chinese cere- bral infarction patients.

HPLC fingerprint of Congrong Zonggan capsule was established in order to provide basis for quality evaluation. With acteoside as the reference, HPLC was adopted for fingerprint analysis on Congrong Zonggan capsule. The chromatographic conditions wereas follows. Waters C18 column (4.6 mm x 150 mm, 5 μm) was used, with methylalcohol-0.1% formic acid as the mobile phase for gradient elution at the flow rate of 1.0 mL x min(-1). The detection wavelength was 330 nm, and the column temperature was 30 °C. This method was highly accurate and reproducible. All of the 13 components in tested samples reached the baseline resolved peak, and 15 batches of finished products showed the similarity of above 0.95. The method was accurate and feasible and could be used as a simple and effective method to evaluate the quality of the traditional Chinese medicines.
Capsules ; analysis ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; methods ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; analysis ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Quality Control