The chemical constituents of Rhodiola kirilowii were separated and purified by repeated column chromatography on silica gel, RP - 18, Sephadex LH -20 and semi-preparative HPLC. Each compound was characterized by spectroscopic and physical data. Twelve compounds have been purified and identified to be beta-sitosterol (1), tyrosol (2), trans-hydroxycinnamic acid (3), geranyl beta-glucopyranoside (4), neryl beta-glucopyranoside (5), hexyl beta-glucopyranoside (6), gallic acid (7), (-) -epigallocatechin gallate (8), rhodiolgin (9), isolariciresinol-9-O-beta-glucopyranoside (10), rhodiooctanoside (11), and sacranoside B (12). Among them, compounds 3, 6, 9-12 were isolated from Rhodiola kirilowii for the first time; Compounds 4 and 5 were obtained for the first time from the genus Rhodiola. The in vitro activities against Macobacterium tuberculosis (ATCC 27294) of its extracts and pure components were evaluated by testing their MIC (minimal inhibitory concentration) and MBC (minimal bactericidal concentration). The 80% (a. q.) EtOH extract, EtOAc-soluble extract, compounds 7 and 8 exhibited in-vitro inhibitory and bactericidal activities against Macobacterium tuberculosis in different extent.
Antitubercular Agents ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Mass Spectrometry ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests ; Mycobacterium tuberculosis ; drug effects ; Plant Roots ; chemistry ; Rhodiola ; chemistry

OBJECTIVEThis research focused on analyzing the differences of 5S rRNA gene spacer sequences on Swertia mussotii and its commonly used adulterants, including S. franchetiana, S. wolfangiana and S. chirayita.

METHODDNA was extracted from the collected Swertia samples. 5S rRNA intergenic spacers were amplified by PCR, sequenced and analyzed.

RESULT5S rRNA gene spacer sequences were different between S. mussotii and its other three adulterants. Sequence divergence among species ranged from 30.6% to 65.0%.

CONCLUSION5S rRNA spacers may be used as molecular authentication markers to differentiate S. mussotii and other commonly used Swertia adulterants. This result provides reliable and simple reference for the authentication of Swertia genus species.

Base Sequence ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; RNA, Ribosomal, 5S ; genetics ; Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid ; Swertia ; classification ; genetics

OBJECTIVETo determine the contents of morusin in Sangbaipi (Cortex Mori) of different commercial grades and species and obtained from different regions.

METHODContents of morusin were determined by HPLC on an Alltima C18 column (4.6 mm x 250 mm, 5 microm) with acetonitrile-water (58:42) as mobile phase. UV detection was conducted at 270 nm.

RESULTThe amounts of morusin were found to vary among samples of Cortex Mori bearing a yellow-brown outer layer and those without the yellow-brown cork layer. The morusin contents were also related to the thickness of Cortex Mori.

CONCLUSIONThe method was simple, reproducible and reliable. It can be applied to the quality assessment of Cortex Mori.

China ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; analysis ; standards ; Ecosystem ; Flavonoids ; analysis ; Morus ; chemistry ; Plant Roots ; chemistry ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Quality Control ; Reproducibility of Results ; Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet

Sixteen compounds, including two new natural products (and), were obtained from the twigs of. The structures were elucidated based on NMR, MS, IR data and optical rotation values. Compounds,,anddisplayed moderate antibacterial activities against clinical isolates; compounds,,,andprotected neural cells against oxidative stress; and compoundsandexhibited anti-acetylcholinesterase activity.

To investigate the hypoglycemic effects of ethyl acetate extract of Alismatis Rhizoma (AREEA) on type 2 diabetes mellitus,the model of type 2 diabetic rats was induced by high-fat diet feeding for 4 weeks and then intraperitoneal injection of a low dose of streptozotoin (STZ).Rats without the above-mentioned treatment were selected as the normal control group.The diabetic rats were randomly divided into 5 groups:the model control group,low doses (20 mg/kg),medium doses (50 mg/kg),high doses (100 mg/kg) of AREEA groups and positive control-metformin group (100 mg/kg).After four weeks,oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and insulin tolerance test (ITT) were performed,respectively.12 hours after the last administration,the levels of serum glucose,glycated hemoglobin(HbA1 c),insulin (Ins),total cholesterol (TC),triglyceride (TG),high density lipoprotein (HDL-C),low density lipoprotein (LDL-C),superoxide dismutase (SOD),malondialdehyde (MDA),glutathione (GSH-Px),tumor necrosis factor-or (TNF-α),interleukin-6 (IL-6),insulin-mediated tyrosine of IRS-1 and Akt phosphorylation in adipose tissue were determined.In addition,the pathological changes of pancreas were examined.After administration for 4 weeks,all doses of AREEA significantly reduced the fasting blood glucose of type 2 diabetic rats (P ＜0.05).In the high doses group of AREEA,the levels of GLU,HbA1c,TC,TG,MDA,TNF-α and IL-6 in serum were decreased significantly,and the levels of SOD and GSH-Px were increased (P ＜ 0.05).These results suggest that AREEA has the therapeutic effect on type 2 diabetes-related symptoms by metabolic regulation of glucose and lipids.

Three new indole alkaloids, flueindolines A-C (1-3), along with nine known alkaloids (4-12), were isolated from the fruits of Flueggea virosa (Roxb. ex Willd.) Voigt. Compounds 1 and 2 are two new fused tricyclic indole alkaloids possessing an unusual pyrido[1, 2-a]indole framework, and 3 presents a rare spiro (pyrrolizidinyl-oxindole) backbone. Their structures with absolute configurations were elucidated by means of comprehensive spectroscopic analysis, chemical calculation, as well as X-ray crystallography. Chiral resolution and absolute configuration determination of the known compounds 4, 10, and 11 were reported for the first time. The hypothetical biogenetical pathways of 1-3 were herein also proposed.