To deal with effectively acute chemical injury events, the service ability of protective medicine against chemical weapons has being widened from dealing with traditional chemical warfare to public chemical accident or chemical terrorist attack. Focusing on the important researching and developing of medicine for chemical defense use only, the novel drug/device combination products should be vigorously promoted including the new mechanism, good curative effect and high safety of detoxification drugs such as hydroxycobalamin used in the treatment of known or suspected cyanide poisoning in both adults and the pediatric population, and the convenient and quick drug delivering technologies such as auto-injectors with a retreat hidden needle and a smart remindful injection, which could improve greatly the emergency medical rescue ability of chemical accidents.

Auto-injector, a spring-driven drug-device based combination production that automatically injects the drug into the skin via a pre-filled syringe or cartridge, allows minimally trained individuals to self-inject potentially life-saving medication when emergency medical care may be absent or remote, and thus has been becoming a supporting approach of emergency medicine for the first-aid. The auto-injector was developed originally by the United State of America, and experienced the three outstanding states including syrettes, single chamber auto-injectors and dual chamber auto-injectors from the battlefield to the civilianization. The current auto-injector devices have five different types named as ACE (AtroPen), ComboPen, Binaject, Soluject and Truject, respectively. The applied drugs to the systems for military use have atropine, pralidoxime chloride, obidoxime, diazepam and morphine sulfate. The other drugs for emergency medical use such as epinephrine, lidocaine hydrochloride and sumatriptan have been also applied to. All of the auto-injector based combination production have been twined with a simulator in order to conduct a training schedule before use. Importantly, the needle hidden or the device-status notification technique after injection has been becoming a trend in the technology advances of the auto-injectors.

Oral modified-release multiple-unit dosage forms such as coated pellets have always been more effective therapeutic alternative to conventional single-unit dosage forms. Coated pellets ranging in size, typically, between 0.5-1.0 mm, are produced primarily for the purpose of oral controlled-release dosage forms having gastro-resistant or sustained-release properties or the capability of site-specific drug delivery. With regards to the final dosage form, the multi-particulates are usually formulated into single-unit dosage forms such as filling them into hard gelatin capsules or compressing them into tablets. As drug-delivery systems become more sophisticated, the role of pellets in the design and development of dosage forms is increasing. The safety and efficacy of the formulation is higher than that of other dosage forms. This review provides an update on this research area and discusses the phenomena and mechanisms of the multi-particulate system concluding multiple-unit pellet system and pellet-containing tablets.

So far there exists no corresponding quality test procedures and grading standards for the seed of Prunus humilis, which is one of the important source of base of semen pruni. Therefor we set up test procedures that are adapt to characteristics of the P. humilis seed through the study of the test of sampling, seed purity, thousand-grain weight, seed moisture, seed viability and germination percentage. 50 cases of seed specimens of P. humilis tested. The related data were analyzed by cluster analysis. Through this research, the seed quality test procedure was developed, and the seed quality grading standard was formulated. The seed quality of each grade should meet the following requirements: for first grade seeds, germination percentage ≥ 68%, thousand-grain weight 383 g, purity ≥ 93%, seed moisture ≤ 5%; for second grade seeds, germination percentage ≥ 26%, thousand-grain weight ≥ 266 g, purity ≥ 73%, seed moisture ≤9%; for third grade seeds, germination percentage ≥ 10%, purity ≥ 50%, thousand-grain weight ≥ 08 g, seed moisture ≤ 13%.
Cluster Analysis ; Germination ; Prunus ; growth & development ; Seeds ; physiology

Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch. ex DC is widely used in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). Among its various active components, glycyrrhizic acid is believed to be the marker component. Squalene synthase (SQS) and beta-amyrin synthase (beta-AS) are key enzymes in the biosynthetic pathway of glycyrrhizic acid in G uralensis. To reveal the effects of co-expression of SQS1 and beta-AS genes on this pathway, 7 yeast expression vectors harboring different SQS1 variants and beta-AS were constructed and expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae as fusion proteins. TLC and GC-MS results showed that co-expression of SQS1 and beta-AS enhanced the accumulation of beta-amyrin. The effects of SQS12 were more obvious than the other two SQS1 variants. This study is significant for further investigations concerned with exploring the biosynthesis of glycyrrhizic acid in vitro and strengthening the efficacy of G. uralensis by means of increasing the content of glycyrrhizic acid.
Farnesyl-Diphosphate Farnesyltransferase ; genetics ; metabolism ; Glycyrrhiza uralensis ; genetics ; Intramolecular Transferases ; metabolism ; Oleanolic Acid ; analogs & derivatives ; metabolism ; Plant Proteins ; genetics ; Recombinant Proteins ; metabolism ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; metabolism

Aged ; Antigens, CD34 ; analysis ; Female ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 ; analysis ; Solitary Fibrous Tumors ; metabolism ; pathology

Objective To explore the feasibility of exogenous NGF and/or Noggin gene transfecting into the bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) and observe the differentiation of BMSCs modified by NGF and/or Noggin.Methods BMSCs were isolated from SD rat and purified by adherent method and these cells were identified by their phenotypical properties and their abilities of differentiating into adipocytes.Ad-GFP-NGF and/or Ad-GFP-Noggin were transfected into BMSCs.The protein expressions of NGF and/or Noggin were detected using immunocytochemistry and Western blotting.The differentiations of gene modified BMSCs were observed by immunohistochemistry.Result The cells selected by adherent method had basic phenotypical properties of BMSCs and could differentiate into adipocytes.BMSCs without transfection and those transfected with Ad-GFP expressed low level of NGF without Noggin expression.All gene modified BMSCs could express NGF and/or Noggin.After transfection, BMSCs could differentiate into cells having neuronal morphology and expressing NF (H).The combined transfection group had the highest ratio of NF(H)+ cells among all the groups.Conclusion BMSCs can be isolated and purified from rat bone marrow by adherent method.Ad-GFP-NGF and/or Ad-GFP-Noggin can transfect BMSCs safely and the transfected cells can express those proteins persistently and efficiently.NGF and Noggin can induce BMSCs into neuron-like cells in vitro and when they exist simultaneously,the differentiation is further enhanced.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the myocardial protective effect of Rhodiola on patients who received epidoxorubicin (EPI) treatment.

METHODSForty-two patients with myocardial damage who received 3 courses of EPI-contained chemotherapy were randomly and equally assigned to two groups, the Rhodiola treated group and the control group. After 1-month treatment, the changes in serum troponin I (cTnI) level, cardiac integral backscatter (IBS), and left ventricle ejective fraction (LVEF) in patients were observed and compared between groups.

RESULTSLevels of cTnI in the treated group and control group were (0.54 +/- 0.05) mg/L and (0.98 +/- 0.03) mg/L respectively, IBS were 55.23 +/- 5.72 scores and 61.23 +/- 5.96 scores, and LVEF (%) were 68 +/- 3 and 57 +/- 2 respectively, all showed significant differences between groups (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONRhodiola can improve cardiac function, and suppress the increase of serum cTnI level and IBS in patients who received EPI treatment.

Adult ; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols ; therapeutic use ; Breast Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; surgery ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Epirubicin ; administration & dosage ; adverse effects ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Myocardium ; pathology ; Phytotherapy ; Postoperative Period ; Protective Agents ; therapeutic use ; Rhodiola ; chemistry ; Stomach Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; surgery ; Stroke Volume ; drug effects ; Troponin I ; blood

Hypodermin C (HC) cDNA was amplified from recombinant pGEM - T/HC, cloned in frame with the signal sequence in yeast vector pPIC9k. The plasmid was linerarized and transformed into Pichia pastoris GS115 strain by electroporation method. Recombinant strain was screened by G418 resistant, and further confirmed by PCR. The recombinant strain which contains insert was induced in the medium containing 0.5% methanol. The supernatant was collected and then purified by anion exchange chromatography. SDS-PAGE indicated that the target protein is around 28kD. Western-blot showed it can react with rabbit-anti HC serum. Gelatin substrate SDS-PAGE displayed it had enzyme activity. Provided a method to produce enough antigens for carrying out extensive immunological analyses.
Animals ; Blotting, Western ; Cell Line ; Chromatography, Ion Exchange ; Cloning, Molecular ; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel ; Gelatin ; metabolism ; Gene Expression ; Immune Sera ; immunology ; Pichia ; genetics ; Plasmids ; genetics ; Rabbits ; Recombinant Proteins ; isolation & purification ; metabolism ; Serine Endopeptidases ; genetics ; immunology ; metabolism ; Substrate Specificity ; Transformation, Genetic

OBJECTIVETo sum up the clinical experience in the management of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) with the prostate weighing over 80 ml by transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) combined with 2 μm continuous-wave laser vaporesection (LVR).

METHODSWe retrospectively analyzed the clinical effects of TURP combined with 2 μm LVR in the treatment of 46 cases of BPH with the prostate volume > 80 ml.

RESULTSAll the operations were successfully accomplished. The operation time and intraoperative blood loss were (112.0 ± 20.0) min (range 86-176 min) and (77.9 ± 25.9) ml (range 50-200 ml), respectively. The catheters were withdrawn at 7 days after surgery. Transient urinary incontinence occurred in 6 cases and secondary hemorrhage was found in 2 postoperatively. Six-month follow-up revealed no urethral stricture or other complications. Compared with the baseline, the international prostate symptom score (IPSS) was significantly decreased at 6 months after operation (26.3 ± 1.8 vs 11.6 ± 1.7, P <0.05), and so were the quality of life (QOL) score (5.3 ± 0.7 vs 1.3 ± 1.1, P <0.05) and post-void residual urine (PVR) ([115.5 ± 55.6] ml vs [19.9 ± 11.6] ml, P <0.05). However, the maximum urinary flow rate (Qmax) was remarkably increased from (4.1 ± 2.6) ml/s to (16.2 ± 1.7) ml/s (P <0.05).

CONCLUSIONTURP combined with 2 μm LVR is safe and effective for the treatment of BPH with the prostate volume >80 ml.

Aged ; Blood Loss, Surgical ; Humans ; Laser Therapy ; methods ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Organ Size ; Prostate ; pathology ; Prostatic Hyperplasia ; pathology ; surgery ; Quality of Life ; Retrospective Studies ; Transurethral Resection of Prostate ; methods ; Treatment Outcome ; Urethral Stricture ; Urinary Incontinence ; etiology ; Urinary Retention