Aim To investigate the therapeutic effect of the MW-9 on ulcerative colitis(UC)and reveal the underlying mechanism, so as to provide a scientific guidance for the MW-9 treatment of UC. Methods The model of lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophage cells was established. The effect of MW-9 on RAW264.7 cells viability was detected by MTT assay. The levels of nitric oxide(NO)in RAW264.7 macrophages were measured by Griess assay. Cell supernatants and serum levels of inflammatory cytokines containing IL-6, TNF-α and IL-1β were determined by ELISA kits. Dextran sulfate sodium(DSS)-induced UC model in mice was established and body weight of mice in each group was measured. The histopathological damage degree of colonic tissue was assessed by HE staining. The protein expression of p-p38, p-ERK1/2 and p-JNK was detected by Western blot. Results MW-9 intervention significantly inhibited NO release in RAW264.7 macrophages with IC50 of 20.47 mg·L-1 and decreased the overproduction of inflammatory factors IL-6, IL-1β and TNF-α(P<0.05). MW-9 had no cytotoxicity at the concentrations below 6 mg·L-1. After MW-9 treatment, mouse body weight was gradually reduced, and the serum IL-6, IL-1β and TNF-α levels were significantly down-regulated. Compared with the model group, MW-9 significantly decreased the expression of p-p38 and p-ERK1/2 protein. Conclusions MW-9 has significant anti-inflammatory activities both in vitro and in vivo, and its underlying mechanism for the treatment of UC may be associated with the inhibition of MAPK signaling pathway.

Objective To explore the difference in the effectiveness between proximal femoral nail anti-rotation(PFNA)and proximal femoral locking compression plate(PFLCP)of intertrochanteric fracture in the elderly patients combined with knee osteoarthritis.Methods The clinical data of 65 intertrochanteric femoral fractures combined with knee osteoarthritis be-tween June 2015 and February 2021 were retrospectively analyze.They were divided into two groups according to the different surgical methods.PFNA group was composed of 36 patients,12 males and 24 females,aged from 61to 88 years old with an av-erage of(77.0±6.4)years old.There were 17 cases of left injury and 19 cases of right injury.According to modified Evans clas-sification,there were 3 cases of type Ⅱ,19 cases of type Ⅲ,10 cases of type Ⅳ,and 4 cases of type Ⅴ.PFLCP group was com-posed of 29 patients,11 males and 18 females,aged from 60 to 92 years old with an average of(78.8±6.5)years old.There were 14 cases of left injury and 15 cases of right injury.According to modified Evans classification,there were 2 cases of typeⅡ,18 cases of type Ⅲ,7 cases of type Ⅳ,and 2 cases of type Ⅴ.Comparison of operation time,intraoperation blood loss,postoperative bed time,incidence of postoperative complications,Harris score at 6 months and 1 year postoperation.Results All 65 patients were followed up ranging from 12 to 24 months with an average of(16.9±3.6)months.In the PFNA and PFLCP groups,the operation time was respectively(57.6±6.8)min and(77.4±6.5)min,the intraoperative blood loss was(128.3±50.3)ml and(156.3±23.9)ml,postoperative bed time was(4.0±2.5)days and(8.1±2.0)days,Harris score at 6 months post-operative was(45.3±8.6)points and(36.3±7.0)points.There were significant differences between two groups(P＜0.05).Inci-dence of postoperative complications was 19.4％(7/36)and 34.5％(10/29),Harris score at 1 year postoperative was(60.8±6.7)points and(59.0±8.1)points.There was no significant difference between the two groups(P＞0.05).Conclusion Compared with PFLCP,PFNA treatment of elderly patients with knee osteoarthritis between the femoral intertrochanteric fractures shorter surgical time,less intraoperative blood loss,bed rest after surgery,short-term hip function recovery better,when the affected knee joint can tolerate traction,can be used as a priority.

Aim To investigate the mechanisms of Ke-chuanting granules(KCT)inhibiting the IL-33/ILC2s pathway and pathogenic T cells to intervene in allergic airway inflammation.Methods Network pharmacolo-gy was utilized to analyze the potential targets and mechanisms of KCT-treated asthma.Allergic asthma models were induced in mice using OVA.Lung histo-pathology was conducted to observe injury changes.ELISA and quantitative PCR were utilized to measure key inflammatory factors and their mRNA expression levels in Th2-type asthma.Western blot was used to detect the phosphorylation levels of relevant proteins in the MAPK pathway.Flow cytometry was performed to evaluate the proportions of ILC2s,Th1,Th 17,Th2 and Treg cells.Results Network pharmacology iden-tified 227 main active components and 143 key targets of KCT in treating asthma,primarily enriched in signa-ling pathways such as MAPK and IL-17.Further vali-dation experiments demonstrated that KCT significantly alleviated lung inflammatory injury in asthmatic mice,reduced the number of B cells,production of I L-4,TNF-α and TGF-β,downregulated JNK phosphoryla-tion levels in lung tissue,as well as mRNA levels of Il-33,Bcl11b,Rorα,Tcf-7,Jun,Mapk3 and Mapk14.KCT intervention reduced the numbers of ILC2s and Th 17 cells in lungs and spleens of mice,and inhibited Th2 cell infiltration in lungs.Conclusions KCT ex-hibits therapeutic effects on allergic airway inflamma-tion in asthma,closely associated with the inhibition of the IL-33/ILC2s pathway,pathogenic T cell subsets,and JNK-MAPK signaling pathway.

Abstract: Objective　To analyze the influencing factors of mother-to-child transmission of hepatitis B virus after combined immunological blockade, and to evaluate the effect of mother-to-child blockade, and to provide a basis for health policies and health interventions for preventing mother-to-child blockade of hepatitis B virus. Methods A total of 11 363 pairs of HBsAg positive pregnant women and their infants aged 7-12 months in Hainan Province from 2015 to 2020 were included in the study. The general situation, the situation of health care and delivery in this pregnancy and perinatal period, the detection of hepatitis B markers, the situation of antiviral therapy, the general situation of mother and infant during delivery and the implementation of blockade measures for mother-to-child transmission of hepatitis B were collected and analyzed. Results Among the 11 363 pairs of HBsAg positive pregnant women and their infants delivered in hospitals in Hainan province from 2015 to 2020, the positive rate of HBsAg in children at 7-12 months after birth was 1.47 %, and the difference in HBsAg positive rate of infants born in different years was not statistically significant (P>0.05). There were no significant differences in the positive rate of HBsAg among children born to pregnant women with different nationalities, educational levels, occupations, delivery modes, delivery places, obstetric operations and perineal laceration, abnormal perinatal period, children with different genders and premature delivery and perinatal (all P<0.05). There was significant difference in HBsAg positive rate among infants born to pregnant women of different ages, the positive rate of HBsAg of infants born to young pregnant women was higher than that of older pregnant women (P<0.05). The rate of antiviral therapy was low in HBeAg positive pregnant women, and the positive rate of HBsAg in their infants was 2.54%, which was higher than 0.83% in HBeAg negative pregnant women (P<0.05). Conclusions Combined immunological blockade with hepatitis B vaccine and hepatitis B immunoglobulin can effectively prevent the mother-to-child transmission of HBV. HBsAg-positive women can give birth at the right age, and HBeAg-positive pregnant women can be treated with antiviral therapy to block mother-to-child transmission, providing the important basis for the formulation of hepatitis B prevention and control strategies and measures.

Objective: To explore the etiological diagnostic value of metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) in peritoneal dialysis (PD)-related peritonitis. Methods: The study was a retrospective cohort study. The clinical data of patients with PD-related peritonitis who were treated and underwent microbial cultivation and mNGS test at the same time from June 2020 to July 2021 in the Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University were analyzed. The positive rate, detection time and consistency between mNGS test and traditional microbial culture were compared. Results: A total of 18 patients with age of (50.4±15.4) years old and median dialysis time of 34.0 (12.4, 62.0) months were enrolled in the study, including 11 males and 7 females. Pathogenic microorganisms were isolated in 17 patients by mNGS test, with a positive rate of 17/18, which was higher than 13/18 of microbial culture, but the difference was not statistically significant (P=0.219). Both mNGS test and microbial culture isolated positive pathogenic bacteria in 12 patients, and mNGS test isolated the same types of pathogenic bacteria as microbial cultivation did in 11 patients. In five patients with negative microbial culture, mNGS test also isolated pathogenic microorganisms, including 3 cases of Staphylococcus epidermidis, 1 case of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and 1 case of Ureaplasma urealyticum. In 1 patient, microbial culture isolated pathogenic bacteria (Escherichia coli) whereas mNGS test did not. The detection time of mNGS was 25.0 (24.0, 27.0) h, which was significantly shorter than 89.0 (72.8, 122.0) h of microbial culture (Z=3.726, P<0.001). Conclusions: mNGS test can improve the detection rate of pathogenic microorganisms in PD-related peritonitis and greatly shorten the detection time, and has good consistency with microbial culture. mNGS may provide a new approach for pathogen identification of PD-related peritonitis, especially refractory peritonitis.
Female ; Male ; Humans ; Adult ; Middle Aged ; Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Peritoneal Dialysis/adverse effects* ; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing ; Peritonitis/diagnosis* ; Sensitivity and Specificity

This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the promoting effect of Zuogui Pills on ovarian and vaginal angiogenesis in early-aging rats and mobilization factors granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor(GM-CSF), stromal cell-derived factor-1(SDF-1), and their receptors of endothelial progenitor cells(EPCs) and explore the mechanism of Zuogui Pills in improving reproductive hypofunction in early-aging rats. Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry(UHPLC-MS/MS) was used to analyze the chemical components of the extract of Zuogui Pills. Forty 14-month-old female early-aging rats with estrous cycle disorder were randomly divided into a blank group, a conjugated estrogen group(conjugated estrogen suspension, 65 μg·kg~(-1)), and low-(11 g·kg~(-1)) and high-dose(33 g·kg~(-1)) Zuogui Pills groups, with 10 rats in each group. In addition, 10 4-month-old female rats were assigned to the youth control group. The rats in the blank group and the youth control group were treated with 20 g·kg~(-1) distilled water by gavage, while those in the groups with drug intervention were treated with corresponding drugs by gavage, once a day for 15 days. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) was used to detect the levels of SDF-1 and GM-CSF in the mobilization of EPCs in serum. Hematoxylin-eosin(HE) staining was used to observe the changes in the number of ovarian follicles at all levels and corpus luteum, the number of vaginal epithelial layers, the number of vaginal folds, and the blood vessels of ovarian and vaginal tissues in the groups with drug intervention. Western blot was used to detect the expression of ER, GM-CSFR, CXCR4, and CXCR7 proteins in ovarian and vaginal tissues. As revealed by the results, the blank group showed decreased number of corpus luteum, gro-wing follicles at all levels, and blood vessels(P<0.05), decreased thickness of vaginal mucosa, the number of epithelial layers, the number of vaginal folds, and the number of vessels in the lamina propria(P<0.05), reduced content of SDF-1 and GM-CSF in the peripheral blood(P<0.05), and down-regulated levels of ER, CXCR4, CXCR7, and GM-CSFR proteins in ovarian and vaginal tissues(P<0.05). The groups with drug intervention showed increased number of growing follicles at all levels, corpus luteum, and blood vessels(P<0.05), decreased number of atresia follicles(P<0.05), increased thickness of vaginal mucosa, the number of epithelial layers, the number of vaginal mucosal folds, and the number of blood vessels in the lamina propria(P<0.05), increased content of SDF-1 and GM-CSF in the peripheral blood(P<0.05), and up-regulated levels of ER, CXCR4, CXCR7, and GM-CSFR proteins in ovarian and vaginal tissues(P<0.05). This experiment suggests that Zuogui Pills may promote ovarian and vaginal angiogenesis and improve the reproductive function of early-aging rats by up-regulating the levels of mobilization factors SDF-1, GM-CSF, and their receptors of EPCs.
Rats ; Female ; Animals ; Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor ; Estrogens, Conjugated (USP) ; Tandem Mass Spectrometry ; Aging ; Genitalia

Objective:To study the relative molecular weight and distribution of polysaccharides in Polygonati Rhizoma （PR） before and after processing， as well as the effects of different polysaccharide fractions on immune function and inflammatory response of mouse peritoneal macrophages. Method:High-performance gel permeation chromatography （HPGPC） was used to determine the relative molecular weight and distribution of polysaccharides in PR （named SC） and polysaccharides in PR processed with wine （named JC）， and polysaccharide fractions with different relative molecular weights were obtained by dialysis. Different polysaccharide fractions were applied to mouse peritoneal macrophages， which was normal or induced by lipopolysaccharide （LPS）. Cell counting kit-8 （CCK-8） method was used to select the optimal administration concentration. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA） was used to determine the concentrations of tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α） and interleukin-1β （IL-1β） in the cell supernatant. The Griess method was used to detect the concentration of nitric oxide （NO）. Result:SC and JC could be divided into four parts according to relative molecular weight and its distribution range， including part Ⅰ（14 800-2 273 kDa）， part Ⅱ（2 148-296 kDa）， part Ⅲ（12-1 kDa） and part Ⅳ（818-362 Da）. Based on the differences of part Ⅰ and part Ⅲ after processing， the SC and JC were divided into two-part according to the weight-average relative molecular weight （M_W）. For normal mouse peritoneal macrophages， JC could significantly promote the secretion of TNF-α （P<0.01）， while SC had no significant effect. Four polysaccharide fractions， named SD （SC fraction with M_W>50 kDa）， JD （JC fraction with M_W>50 kDa）， SX （SC fraction with M_W<50 kDa） and JX （JC fraction with M_W<50 kDa）， also could significantly promote the secretion of TNF-α （P<0.01）， but only JX could significantly promote the secretion of NO （P<0.05）. In addition， the effect of JX group stimulated secretion of TNF-α was better than the JD group （P<0.01）. For the LPS-induced macrophage model， JC and SC group could significantly inhibit the secretion of TNF-α and IL-1β （P<0.01）， and the effect of JC was stronger. To compare different polysaccharide fractions， the impact of JX on inhibiting the secretion of TNF-α and IL-1β was significantly stronger than JD （P<0.01）， and SX inhibited the secretion of TNF-α was significantly stronger than SD （P<0.01）. Conclusion:The relative molecular weight and distribution of polysaccharides in PR before and after processing have changed. JC and SC improve the immune regulation mainly by inhibiting the inflammatory response， the fraction of M_W<50 kDa is the main effective part， and the effect of PR polysaccharides in inhibiting the inflammatory is enhanced after processing with wine.

Objective:To explore the intervention effect of Yuxuebi tablet （YXB） on collagen-induced arthritis （CIA） in rats and its anti-inflammatory mechanism. Method:Following CIA modeling， the rats in the drug administration groups were separately treated with intragastric administration of YXB （0.1， 0.2， and 0.4 g·kg^-1） and methotrexate （MTX， 0.4 mg·kg^-1）， once a day. The incidence of CIA， mechanical pain threshold （MPT） and cold pain threshold （CPT） were evaluated once every three days. After continuous administration for 30 days， the peripheral blood of rats was collected for the determination of platelet （PLT） count and fibrinogen （FIB） content. The hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining was conducted to analyze the pathological changes in joint tissues. The protein expression levels of interleukin （IL）-1β， IL-8， nuclear transcription factor-κB （NF-κB） p65， phosphorylated NF-κB （p-NF-κB） p65， Ras， and Raf-1 in joint tissues of CIA rats were detected by immunohistochemistry （IHC） and Western blot. The rheumatoid arthritis fibroblast-like synoviocytes （RA-FLS） were induced by tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α， 10 μg·L^-1） in vitro and then subjected to transwell migration/invasion assay， followed by the detection of protein expression levels of Ras， Raf-1， and p-NF-κB p65 in RA-FLS by Western blot. Result:Compared with the control group， the model group exhibited an increased incidence of CIA， significantly decreased MPT （P<0.05，P<0.01）， elevated CPT （P<0.01） and PLT and FIB in the peripheral blood， worsened histopathological score of joints， enhanced RA-FLS migration and invasion， and up-regulated inflammatory factors （P<0.01）. The comparison with the model group revealed that YXB at different doses obviously reduced the incidence of CIA， increased MPT， down-regulated CPT and PLT and FIB in the peripheral blood （P<0.05，P<0.01）， ameliorated the pathological changes like synovial hyperplasia and bone and cartilage destruction （P<0.05，P<0.01）， and inhibited RA-FLS migration and invasion. Besides， the low-， medium-， and high-dose YXB reversed the IL-1β， IL-8， Ras， Raf-1， and p-NF-κB p65 expression in joint tissues of CIA rats to different extents， as well as the protein expression of Ras， Raf-1 and p-NF-κB p65 in RA-FLS （P<0.05，P<0.01）. Conclusion:YXB reduces the incidence of CIA， ameliorates the clinical symptoms of RA and the pathological changes in joint tissues， and inhibits the formation of synovium， which may be attributed to its inhibition against Ras/Raf-1/NF-κB signaling pathway.

As the essential part of tratidional Chinese medicine(TCM), the research and development of classic formula have become a hot spot in TCM industry. However, with the change of the age, the species, medical part and origin of TCM have more or less changed. It is of great significance for the safety and effectiveness of the classical prescription to clarify the varieties and medicinal parts of TCM. In this paper, based on the discussion of the methods of textual research on the Chinese herbs, the species and medical parts, origin of Chinese herbs in a list of 100 famous classical formulas which promulgated by the state administration of TCM were analyzed. The textual research of Chinese herbs shows that most of the herbs involved in the classical formula have the problems of species, medical part, and origin. Therefore, it is of great significance for the selection of the species and medical parts, origin of the Chinese herbs in the research and development process of the classical formula.

Shaoyao Gancaotang, first seen in Treatise on Febrile and Miscellaneous Diseases, is composed of Paeoniae Radix Alba and Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma Praeparata cum Melle in equal proportion.It has the functions of preserving Yin to nourish blood, harmonizing liver and spleen, relieving spasm and pain.This formula is applied in leg and foot spasm and abdominal pain caused by blood deficiency, body fluid consuming and the unmoistened muscles and veins.It has been highly praised and used by medical experts throughout the ages and has extended its application scope.Modern pharmacological studies have shown that Shaoyao Gancaotang has significant effects in antispasmodic, analgesic, antitussive and other areas, and is used to treat spastic diseases, painful diseases, inflammatory diseases and so on.This paper will systematically elaborate the historical evolution, compatibility analysis, pharmacological and pharmacodynamic studies, modern clinical application of Shaoyao Gancaotang, in order to provide theoretical basis and reference for the development of this famous classical formula.