In order to determine the challenge dose of pigeon paramyxovirus type 1 (PPMV-1) inactivated vaccine (S-1 strain). The virus titer of PPMV-1 E5 allantoic fluid (Chuansha strain) was determined using SPF chicken embryos in this research. After inoculating 30-day-old and 120-day-old pigeons with low-HI antibody against PPMV-1 (HI antibody < or =2) with different doses of PPMV-1 (Chuansha strain), the clinical symptoms and histopathological lesions of the challenged pigeons were examined. The results showed that the minimal lethal dose (MLD) of PPMV-1 (Chuansha strain) was 102.5 ELD50, so we determined that 10(5.5) ELD50, which was 1000 times the MLD, could be taken as the challenge dose in the vaccine efficacy test for PPMV-1 inactivated vaccine (S-1 strain).
Animals ; Antibodies, Viral ; immunology ; Bird Diseases ; immunology ; mortality ; virology ; Chick Embryo ; Columbidae ; immunology ; virology ; Newcastle Disease ; immunology ; mortality ; virology ; Newcastle disease virus ; immunology ; pathogenicity ; Phylogeny ; Viral Vaccines ; immunology ; Virulence

Objective To survey the personality traits ofcontract nurses in the military hospital in order to provide a scientific bases for choosing and training the contract nurses.Methods 65 contract nurses were assessed with Cattell 16 Personality Factors Questionnaire(16PF).T-test Was applied to analyze the personality characteristics of contract nurses and excellent nurses.Results There were differences in eight personality factors of F,I,L,M,N,O,Q2,Q3 and five secondary personality factors of X1,X3,Y1,Y3 and Y4 between contract nurses and excellent nurses.The differences had statistical meaning(P<0.05 or P<0.01).Conclusions The assessment with Cattell 16PF Will provide a reliable basis for mannging and choosing the contract nurses and training excellent nursing personnel in the military hospital.

Objective To explore the necessity and teaching methods of the selective course:interpersonal relationships and communication skills.Methods Two hundred and two medical students were surveyed with a community questionnaire before and after this course.The questionnaire contained the purpose of taking the selective course, advice of teaching methods and their learning harvest.Results More than 90% students thought it was necessary to set up the course, and the purpose that they selected this course was to improve their abilities of interpersonal communications.92.9% students suggested the teaching methods should give prominence to the practice.93.9% students wished to adopt the method of composing the paper through the situation simulation or in combination with their true-life.97.9% students gained more harvest.Conclusions It is very necessary for medical students to set up the selective course: interpersonal relationships and communication skills.The teaching methods should take the medical students' difficulties of interpersonal communications into account and pay attention to cultivate their skills of practice.

OBJECTIVETo study the effects of carbon disulfide (CS(2)) on the health of workers, and to provide the basis for the further preventive measures.

METHODSThe occupational health examination of 881 workers exposed to CS(2) in a chemical fiber factory was carried out according to the national technical standard of occupational health surveillance. The time weighted average concentrations (TWA) of CS(2) in the workshops of short silk and long silk exceeded the national standard, The workers in these two workshops served as the high exposure group. The workers of the other workshops were classified as low exposure group, in which TWA met the national standard. All exposed workers were also divided into long-term exposure group and short-term exposure group on the basis of average exposure years (16 years). The statistical analysis was used by t test, χ(2), and fisher exact test.

RESULTSThe symptom rates of numbness, fatigue, dizziness, insomnia and headache were 12.5%, 8.5%, 8.2%, 7.5%, and 7.2% respectively. The abnormal rates of superficial sensation, three fibrillation, achilles tendon reflex, patellar reflex, EMG, hypertension, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein, and apolipoprotein B were 33.0%, 26.1%, 20.8%, 18.6%, 10.8%, 33.4%, 24.5%, 17.0% and 9.3% respectively. Among the high exposure group, the abnormal detectable rates of dizziness, headache, fatigue, insomnia, numbness, achilles tendon reflex, superficial and deep sensation, EMG, hypertension, ECG, total cholesterol, triglyceride and low density lipoprotein in long-term exposure group were significantly higher than those in short-term exposure group (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). However, among the low exposure group, the abnormal rates of the insomnia achilles tendon reflex and superficial sensation in long term exposure group were significantly higher than those of short term exposure group (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). The detected rates of hypertension, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein, creatinine and uric acid were in males significantly greater than those in females (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONLong-term exposure to high concentrations of CS(2) could lead to the damage of nervous system, elevate blood pressure and promote the development and progression of hyperlipemia and atherosclerosis. Furthermore, CS(2) had greater effects on blood pressure and lipid in males than in females.

Adult ; Carbon Disulfide ; adverse effects ; Cardiovascular System ; Chemical Industry ; Female ; Health Status ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Multiphasic Screening ; Nervous System Diseases ; epidemiology ; Occupational Exposure ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo analyze the clinical characteristics of 267 cases with occupational chronic carbon disulfide (CS(2)) poisoning and to provide the basis for revising the items of periodical medical examination of workers occupationally exposed to CS(2).

METHODSThe subjects of present study were 267 patients with mild CS(2) poisoning diagnosed according to "Diagnostic Criteria of Occupational Chronic Carbon Disulfide Poisoning (GBZ4-2002)" from April in 2006 to May in 2010. All patients were from the same chemical fiber factory. When a subject was diagnosed as patient with CS(2) poisoning, who should interview with questionnaire which included the illness and occupational history, symptoms, individual habits. The physical examination, nervous test, cardiovascular test, biochemical test and electromyogram were performed.

RESULTSThe rate of decreased motor conduction velocity was 87.3% (233/267 roots). The highest detection rate of slowing conduction velocity was the common peroneal motor nerve which was 48.6% (138/248 roots) and the second was median motor nerve with delay rate of 37% (155/419 roots). The main symptoms of the patients were neurasthenia, numbness and paresthesia. The rates of abnormal achilles tendon reflex and knee jerk reflex in patients were were 79.4% and 49.8%, respectively. The detected rates of patients with ST-segment changes and hypertension were 19.1% and 27.5%, respectively. The rates of hypertension, systolic pressure and diastolic pressure were 27.3%, 22.5% and 21.1%, respectively. The rates of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), triglycerides (TG) and low density lipoprotein (LDL) were high. The detected rates of urine acid, indirect bilirubin and total bilirubin in male patients were higher than those in female patients. In addition, the abnormal detected rate of urea nitrogen and indirect bilirubin increased with exposure years.

CONCLUSIONOccupational chronic CS(2) poisoning mainly affects the nervous system, as well as liver and kidney function. Detecting the median and common peroneal motor nerve conduction velocities could be the screening indicators for the peripheral nerve injury induced by CS(2) in the occupational exposure population during the periodical occupational medical examinations.

Adult ; Aged ; Carbon Disulfide ; poisoning ; Chemical Industry ; Female ; Humans ; Kidney ; drug effects ; physiopathology ; Liver ; drug effects ; physiopathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Multiphasic Screening ; Nervous System ; drug effects ; physiopathology ; Neural Conduction ; Occupational Exposure

BACKGROUNDStudies of interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-6 in the exhaled breath condensate (EBC) of asthmatic patients are limited. This study was to determine the effect of inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) treatment on IL-4 and IL-6 in the EBC of asthmatic patients.

METHODSIn a prospective, open-label study, budesonide 200 μg twice daily by dry powder inhaler was administered to 23 adult patients with uncontrolled asthma (mean age 42.7 years) for 12 weeks. Changes in asthma scores, lung function parameters (forced expiratory volume in 1 s [FEV1], peak expiratory flow [PEF], forced expiratory flow at 50% of forced vital capacity [FEF50], forced expiratory flow at 75% of forced vital capacity, maximum mid-expiratory flow rate) and the concentrations of IL-4 and IL-6 in EBC were measured.

RESULTSBoth asthma scores and lung function parameters were significantly improved by ICS treatment. The mean IL-4 concentration in the EBC was decreased gradually, from 1.92 ± 0.56 pmol/L before treatment to 1.60 ± 0.36 pmol/L after 8 weeks of treatment (P < 0.05) and 1.54 ± 0.81 pmol/L after 12 weeks of treatment (P < 0.01). However, the IL-6 concentration was not significantly decreased. The change in the IL-4 concentration was correlated with improvements in mean FEV1, PEF and FEF50 values (correlation coefficients -0.468, -0.478, and -0.426, respectively).

CONCLUSIONSThe concentration of IL-4 in the EBC of asthmatic patients decreased gradually with ICS treatment. Measurement of IL-4 in EBC could be useful to monitor airway inflammation in asthmatics.

Administration, Inhalation ; Adult ; Asthma ; drug therapy ; physiopathology ; Breath Tests ; Budesonide ; administration & dosage ; Female ; Forced Expiratory Volume ; Humans ; Interleukin-4 ; analysis ; Interleukin-6 ; analysis ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Peak Expiratory Flow Rate ; Prospective Studies

AIM:To investigate the role of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 5(ERK5) in platelet aggrega-tion in vitro and arterial thrombosis in vivo. METHODS:The expression and phosphorylation levels of ERK5 in human platelet were detected by Western blot. The effects of ERK5 selective inhibitor XMD8-92 on platelet aggregation and dense granule secretion were detected by Chrono-Log aggregometer. The effect of ERK5 on in vivo thrombosis was analyzed using an FeCl3artery thrombosis model. The effects of XMD8-92 on protein kinase B (PKB/Akt) and phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome ten (PTEN) phosphorylation levels were determined by Western blot. RESULTS:ERK5 was stably expressed in human platelets and its phosphorylation level increased significantly after platelet activation (P<0.05). XMD8-92,a selective inhibitor of ERK5,inhibited platelet aggregation and dense granule secretion in response to several platelet stimulators (P<0.05). The results of Western blot showed that XMD8-92 inhibited Akt phosphorylation level by down-regulating PTEN Ser370 phosphorylation and enhancing PTEN activity. The pathway was further confirmed u-sing platelet specific PTEN deficiency mice. The first occlusion time was obviously extended in the mice intravenously given XMD8-92 in the FeCl3-induced carotid artery injury model. CONCLUSION:ERK5 plays a role in platelet activation and arterial thrombosis by influencing PTEN and Akt phosphorylation.

Objective To explore the subjective well-being (SWB) status among community elderly in Xi' an city,and find out the major influence factors.Methods A total of 400 community elderly in Xi' an city were investigated with MUNSH,GDS, GSES and General Status Questionnaire.Results The valid questionnaires were 390,and the response rate was 97.5％.SWB of community elderly in Xi' an was relatively higher as 276 of the elderly scored more than 36,which was 70.8％ of the total participants.Only 18 cases scored less than 12,which was 4.6％ of the total.By the analysis of variance ( ANOVA ),the following variables were significantly associated with SWB:personality,depressive emotion and self-efficacy( P ＜0.05),and the value of F(t) were 1.436,13.888 and 2.245; No significant difference was noted among age,.sex,education level and income (P＞ 0.05 ),and the value of F (t) were 0.746,0.972,0.757 and 0.615.Conclusions SWB of community elderly in Xi' an is relatively higher.Personality,depressive emotion and seff-efficacy are the major factors which affected SWB of the elderly in community.

Objective To explore the effect of music nursing on intravenous infusion in outpatient children with respiratory tract infection.Methods Pediatric outpatients with respiratory tract infection given intravenous infusion in our hospital spanning from 2006 to 2007 were selected as control group,while those spanning from 2008 to 2009 were selected as observation group.The control group was given psychological care and routine care.The observation group was given additional music nursing.Success rate of vein puncture,time consuming of operation,cases of repeated puncture and cases of admission were compared between the two groups.Results There were significant differences between the observation group and the control group in terms of the success rate of vein puncture and time consuming of operation (x2=6.712,7.613,respectively; P ＜ 0.05 ).Cases of repeated puncture and cases of admission in the observation group were lower than the control group.The differences were statistically significant (x2 =8.664,6.414,respectively; P ＜ 0.05 ).Conclusions Music nursing on pediatric outpatient during transfusion can improve the success rate of vein puncture,reduce time consuming of operation,ensure smooth transfusion,save nursing resources and alleviate negative emotional experiences of children,thus should be extended in clinical application.