Objective To compare the safety and feasibility of thoracoscope decortication and conventional thoracotomy decortication in treatment of senile chronic empyema.Methods Thirty-two patients with senile chronic empyema were selected,among total there were 10 patients received thoracoscope decortication (thoracoscope group) and 22 patients received conventional thoracotomy decortication (conventional thoracotomy group).The operative time,intraoperative bleeding volume,postoperative total hydrothorax drainage volume,postoperative drainage time,postoperative thoracic rinse time,postoperative length of stay in hospital and postoperative antibiotic application time were compared between 2 groups.Results There was no statistical difference in operative time between 2 groups (P＞ 0.05).The intraoperative bleeding volume,postoperative drainage time,postoperative total hydrothorax drainage volume,postoperative thoracic rinse time,postoperative antibiotic application time,postoperative length of stay in hospital in thoracoscope group were significantly better than those in conventional thoracotomy group [(331.00 ± 84.65)ml vs.(453.18 ±93.47) ml,(8.80 ±2.53) d vs.(11.59 ±3.57) d,(2 357.00 ±649.03) ml vs.(3 166.82 ±613.42) ml,(5.50 ±2.22) d vs.(7.68 ±2.95) d,(7.40 ± 1.65) d vs.(9.45 ±2.58) d,(12.20 ± 3.65) d vs.(15.32 ± 4.04) d],there were statistical differences (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Thoracoscope decortication is safe and feasible in treatment of senile chronic empyema.

Objective To investigate distributions and drug resistance of pathogens in cirrhotic ascites comphcated with spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP). Methods Results of bacterial culture and drug sensitivity tests of 117 aacitie specimens from cirrhotic patients with SBP were analyzed retrospectively. Results From the 117 ascitie specimens, 117 bacterial strains were isolated, among which 71 (60.68%)were gram-negative bacteria, 45 (38.46%) were gram-positive bacteria. The isolated strains were highly resistant to antibacterial agents, especially for Escherchia coli and Staphylococcu, the resistances to most antibiotics were above 60%. Conclusions High drug resistances were common for pathogenic bacteria in aacites of liver cirrhosis patients complicated with SBP.

OBJECTIVE:To establish a method for the bacterial endotoxin test of chlorphenamine maleate injection. METHODS: The interference test and bacterial endotoxin test of 28 batches of chlorphenamine maleate injections from 14 manufacturers were carried out in accordance with the bacterial endotoxin test approved by Chinese Pharmacopeia (2005 edition). RESULTS: Diluted to a concentration of below 0.025 mg?mL-1,the samples showed no interference action on bacterial endotoxin test. The limit value of the bacterial endotoxin was 5 EU?mg-1. The results of the bacterial endotoxin test of the 28 batches of samples were all accorded with the standard of the established quality control. CONCLUSION: The established TAL method is applicable for bacterial endotoxin test of chlorphenamine maleate injection.

This paper studies the differences of rational use of drugs policy between China and America,mainly focusing on the differences in the policy of clinical pharmacists,the research and development process of substitute for drugs,the guarantee system of medical treatment.In addition,it naturally analyzes the reasons for these kinds of differences from the view of culture and value.At last,it deeply summarizes the humanism positions and justice principles based on which the Rational Use of Drugs was drawn up from the angle of ethics.

Objective To investigate the effect of puerarin on preeclampsia-like rat placental tissue hypoxia inducible factor (hypoxia-inducible factor,HIF)-1αexpression and study the mechanism of protective effects in rats.Methods 60 SD rats were randomly divided into control group,drugs intervention groups(low-dose,middle-dose,high dose)and model group.The rats in drugs intervention groups and model group were adopted endotoxin for induction of preeclampsia model.On the basis of the model group,low,medium and high dose groups were given 20.0,40.0,60.0 mg/kg puerarin by intraperitoneal injection,respectively.The blood pressure of tail artery,urine protein concentration were observed at different points and the expression of HIF-1αwere detected by PT-RCT in each group.Results The systolic blood pressure ,urine protein and HIF-1αprotein in model group were higher than control group(P<0.05 );serum NO concentration was lower than control group (P<0.05 );after the puerarin intervention,systolic blood pressure and urine protein concentration in drugs intervention groups were lower than model group (P<0.05 ),plasma NO concentration was higher than model group (P<0.05 )and HIF-1αprotein was lower than model group (P<0.05 );the placenta weight,weight and body length of newborn rats in drug intervention group were higher than model group (P<0.05 ).Conclusion Puerarin can reduce systolic blood pressure and urine protein levels,promote the level of NO in plasma and reduce HIF-1αlevel in placenta of rats.Puerarin can offer protection to rats with preeclampsia by decreasing the expression of HIF-1αin placental.

Abstract?AIM: To discuss clinical efficacy and safety of 10g/L atropine with short covering for children with amblyopia.?METHODS: Eighty -eight children ( 88 eyes ) with amblyopia, staying in hospital from February 2011 to February 2014 for treatment, were divided into control group ( n =44 ) and observation group ( n =44 ) . The control group only given short covering therapy was observed.Observation group was given 10g/L atropine treatment besides covering.Clinical efficacy, treatment compliance, visual acuity, corrected spherical degree of amblyopia eye and adverse events were observed and compared.?RESULTS:1) After treatment, total effective rate of the observation group was 95% ( 42/44 ) , significantly higher than that of control group ( 80%, 35/44, P<0.05 ); 2 ) excellent compliance rate of the observation group was 95% ( 42/44 ) , significantly higher than that of control group (82%, 36/44, P<0.05);3) visual acuity of the two groups when the disease was first diagnosed was not significantly different (P>0.05), but increased number of lines of vision and corrected spherical degree of amblyopia eye in the observation group were significantly higher (P<0.05);4) in the observation group total rate of adverse events was 9% ( 4/44 ) , significantly lower than that in the control group (23%, 10/44, P<0.05).?CONCLUSION: The combined therapy, 1% atropine with short covering, is effective and safe for amblyopia in children.

Acute Disease ; Chromates ; poisoning ; Humans ; Male ; Occupational Diseases ; Young Adult

Objective: Several generations of ultrasound contrast agents have been developed. Now the application of targeted microbubble is an important research field. Methods: Ultrasound microbubble contrast agents can be divided into two types: ordinary and special ones. First generation microbubble products are air bubbles. They lack a stabilizing shell and have large size. The second ones are stabilized by a sheU and have a smaller size ,instable gas cores consisting of air. The third ones have a stable shell and gas cores with perfiuorocarbons. Researches on new applications of targeted microbubble involve the targeted molecular imaging such as thrombus and inflammation imaging, thrombolytic therapy, drug/gene therapy and so on. Results: The stability of microbubble is increased gradually. Microbubble is injected intravenously and reaches the targeted tissue. At low ultrasound beam power imaging contrast can be improved. Low frequency ultrasound (1 MHz) can cause transient perfora-tion of cell membrane by cavitation effects and thereby improve drug/gene delivery efficiency. Conclusions: Ultrasound-target-ed microbubble has shown its advantages over other methods in the clinical diagnosis and treatment. While the bio-effects are not fully understood. And physical parameters affecting drug or gene delivery efficiency should be optimized.

Objective To explore the feasibility, safety and advantage of thoracoscopes pulmonary bulla resection without thoracic closed drainage tube according to the fast track surgery (FTS) theory. Methods The clinical data of 53 patients with pulmonary bulla were retrospectively analyzed. Among them, 29 patients underwent the thoracoscopes pulmonary bulla resection without thoracic closed drainage tube (FTS group), and 24 patients underwent the thoracoscopes pulmonary bulla resection with thoracic closed drainage tube (tradition group). The oxygenation index at 24 h after operation, visual analogue score (VAS) at 24, 48 and 72 h after operation, postoperative complications, postoperative hospital stay and hospital costs were compared between 2 groups. Results There was no statistical difference in oxygenation index at 24 h after operation between FTS group and tradition group:(312.4 ± 16.4) mmHg (1 mmHg=0.133 kPa) vs. (330.6 ± 13.2) mmHg, P>0.05. The VAS at 24, 48 and 72 h after operation in FTS group was significantly lower than that in tradition group:(2.6 ± 1.1) scores vs. (4.3 ± 1.6) scores, (1.6 ± 0.9) scores vs. (3.8 ± 1.4) scores and (0.8 ± 1.0) scores vs. (2.9 ± 1.4) scores, and there was statistical difference (P<0.05). The incidence of postoperative complications, postoperative hospital stay and hospital costs in FTS group were significantly lower than those in tradition group:13.8%(4/29) vs. 37.5% (9/24), (3.2 ± 0.9) d vs. (6.2 ± 1.2) d and (1.3 ± 0.3) × 104 yuan vs. (1.5 ± 0.4) × 104 yuan, and there were statistical differences (P<0.05). Conclusions FTS used in thoracoscopes pulmonary bulla resection is feasible and safe, and has certain advantages.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of phosphoric acid phosphate combined metformin in the treatment of diagnosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus.Methods A total of 86 cases with diagnosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus included in this study were dividing into control group and experiment group with each 43 cases.The patients in the both groups were give regular treatment.Patients in the control group were given metformin hydrochloride sustained release tablets 500mg by oral administration with 3 times a day and patients in the experiment group revieved phosphoric acid phosphate by oral administration with once a day.A cycle of 2 groups of patients were 28d,a total of 3 cycles of treatment.The ADP,APAF1,D25-(OH)D3),CysC and adverse drug reactions were compared between the two groups.Results The clinical efficacy in experiment group was 93.02％,which significant higher than that in control group 76.74％(P<0.05).The serum level of ADP,APAF1 and CysC decreased after treatment with experiment group much lower than the control group(P<0.05).The serum D25-(OH)D3l elevated in the two groups with experiment group much higher than the control group(P<0.05).The adverse drug reactions was not statistically different between the two groups.Conclusion Phosphoric acid phosphate combined metformin in the treatment of diagnosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus was effective with high safety.