In order to determine the challenge dose of pigeon paramyxovirus type 1 (PPMV-1) inactivated vaccine (S-1 strain). The virus titer of PPMV-1 E5 allantoic fluid (Chuansha strain) was determined using SPF chicken embryos in this research. After inoculating 30-day-old and 120-day-old pigeons with low-HI antibody against PPMV-1 (HI antibody < or =2) with different doses of PPMV-1 (Chuansha strain), the clinical symptoms and histopathological lesions of the challenged pigeons were examined. The results showed that the minimal lethal dose (MLD) of PPMV-1 (Chuansha strain) was 102.5 ELD50, so we determined that 10(5.5) ELD50, which was 1000 times the MLD, could be taken as the challenge dose in the vaccine efficacy test for PPMV-1 inactivated vaccine (S-1 strain).
Animals ; Antibodies, Viral ; immunology ; Bird Diseases ; immunology ; mortality ; virology ; Chick Embryo ; Columbidae ; immunology ; virology ; Newcastle Disease ; immunology ; mortality ; virology ; Newcastle disease virus ; immunology ; pathogenicity ; Phylogeny ; Viral Vaccines ; immunology ; Virulence

To investigate whether accelerated blood clearance (ABC) phenomenon could be induced after repeated injection of mitoxantrone thermosensitive liposomes, LC-MS/MS and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were used to measure the concentration of mitoxantrone and the anti-polyethylene glycol (PEG) IgM levels in rat plasma, separately. The drug was rapidly cleared away after the second administration. The anti-PEG IgM was detected after the first dose which was neutralized quickly after the second dose. It is proved that repeated administration of mitoxantrone thermosensitive liposomes in rat caused the ABC phenomenon.
Animals ; Antineoplastic Agents ; administration & dosage ; blood ; pharmacokinetics ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Immunoglobulin M ; blood ; Liposomes ; administration & dosage ; blood ; pharmacokinetics ; Male ; Metabolic Clearance Rate ; Mitoxantrone ; administration & dosage ; blood ; pharmacokinetics ; Polyethylene Glycols ; administration & dosage ; chemistry ; pharmacokinetics ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization ; Tandem Mass Spectrometry

To examine the effect of simulated weightlessness on inducible HSP70 expression in the heart and vessel tissues of rats, a tail-suspension rat model was used to simulate weightlessness. HSP72 mRNA and HSP70 expression in heart and vessel tissues of both simulated weightless and control rats exposed to heat stress (ambient temperature, Ta=43℃) and recovered at Ta of 25℃ for 1 h (CON-H1, SUS-H1) or 2 h (CON-H2, SUS-H2) were analyzed using Northern blot and Western blot. The expression of HSP72 mRNA in the myocardium significantly decreased in SUS-H2, as compared with that of CON-H2 rats. The amount of HSP72 in the myocardium tended to decrease in both SUS-H1 and SUS-H2 groups, as compared with the corresponding control groups, but the differences were not statistically significant. The levels of inducible HSP70 expression in the vessels were related with their anatomical locations, for that the expression of both HSP72 mRNA and HSP72 significantly increased in basilar arteries, whereas it showed a slight decline in femoral arteries. The blunted HSP70 expression in myocardium suggests that simulated weightlessness may induce myocardial changes similar to those in aging. However, the HSP70 expression changes in arteries are in accord with the trend of differential adaptation changes in vessels to simulated weightlessness.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of infliximab plus methotrexate combination therpy in Chinese with rheumatoid arthritis patients.Methods This was a double-blind placebo-controlled phaseⅢclinical trial,173 patients who had active rheumatoid arthritis were randomised to placebo(n=86)or infliximab(n=87)group on a background of a stable dosage of methotrexate.Patients were assessed at weeks 0,2,6,14 and 18.Results At week 2,the American College of Rheumatology(20)response criteria,which represent a 20% improvement from baseline,the same results with swollen joint count,tender joint count,du- ration of morning stiffness,VAS score,CRP,ESR were achieved in 52.9% of patients,compared with 14.0% of patients receiving placebo plus methotrexate.A 20% improvement was achieved in 75.9% of infliximab plus methotrexate at week 18,compared with 48.8% of patients on placebo plus methotrexate(P=0.0003).A 50% improvement was achieved in 43.7% of infliximab plus methotrexate at week 18,compared with 25.6% of pa- tients on placebo plus methotrexate(P=0.011).Infliximab was well-tolerated;withdrawals for adverse events as well as the occurrence of serious adverse events or serious infections were similar to those in the placebo group.There was only one case of tuberculosis in the treatment group.Conclusion Treatment with infliximab plus methotrexate is more effective than methotrexate alone in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis.It has rapid onset of effect and the efficacy is persistent.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of PES14LF polyethersulfone highflux dialyzer on maintenance hemodialysis(MHD)patients. Methods A total of 72 MHD patients from two hospitals in Shanghai were enrolled in a randomized parallel controlled study.Conventional hemodialysis was performed for 4 h with PES14LF dialyzer in trial group and with German F6 dialyzer in control group.For each patient the study lasted one week.The clearances of urea,creatinine and phosphate were calculated.Adverse event and adverse reaction were recorded.Results There were no significant difierences of urea and creatinine clearance and reduction ratio between trial and control group.The phosphate clearance in trial group was significantly higher than that in control group[(144.57±27.83)ml/min vs(117.15±22.77)ml/min,P＜0.051.There was no significant difference of phosphate reduction ratio between trial and control group.The efficiency of urea clearance and urea reduction ratio achieved clinic effective target in two groups and no significant differences in above indexes between two groups were found. Conclusion PES14LF dialyzer is effective and safe for clinical application.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the inhibitory effects of OMT on TGF-β1-induced CFBs proliferation, and then explore the mechanism.

METHODThe experiment was randomly divided into 6 groups as following: control group (serum free DMEM), model group (20 μg x L(-1) TGF-β1), OMT low dose group (1.89 x 10(-4) mol x L(-1) + 20 μg x L(-1) TGF-β1), OMT medium dose group (3.78 x 10(-4) mol x L(-1) + 20 μg x L(-1) TGF-β1), OMT high dose group (7.56 x 10(-4) mol x L(-1) + 20 μg x L(-1) TGF-β1), SB203580 group (p38MAPK blocking agent, 1 x 10(-5) mol x L(-1) + 20 μg x L(-1) TGF-β1). Vimentin of CFBs was identified by immunocytochemical methods, α-SMA of myFBs as well. Inhibitory effects of OMT on CFBs proliferation was detected by the MTT assay. Picric acid Sirius red staining was analyzed collagen type I and collagen type III deposition. Western blot was determined the expression of p38MAPK, p-p38MAPK, collagen type I and collagen type III.

RESULTMTT results showed that OMT significantly inhibited CFBs proliferation induced by TGF-β1 (P < 0.01) α-SMA immunocytochemical experiments suggested that OMT could protect against the CFBs proliferation. OMT could significantly decrease the deposition of collagen type I and collagen type III by Western bloting and picric acid Sirius red staining. Western blot results showed that TGF-β1 enhanced p38MAPK phosphorylation, however OMT attenuated the phosphorylation of p38MAPK induced by TGF-β1 (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONOMT can inhibit the CFBs proliferation induced by TGF-β1, and its mechanism may be involved in inhibiting p38MAPK phosphorylation.

Alkaloids ; pharmacology ; Animals ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Collagen ; metabolism ; Down-Regulation ; Female ; Fibroblasts ; drug effects ; Heart ; drug effects ; In Vitro Techniques ; Male ; Phosphorylation ; Quinolizines ; pharmacology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Transforming Growth Factor beta1 ; antagonists & inhibitors ; p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases ; antagonists & inhibitors ; metabolism

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; China ; epidemiology ; Female ; Genes, Viral ; Genotype ; Hepacivirus ; genetics ; Hepatitis C, Chronic ; epidemiology ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Young Adult

Objective To discuss the active role of health education on control of diabetes mdlitus and prevention of its complications.Methods 96 cases of hospitalized patients with diabetes mellitus were randomly divided into the control group and the observation group with 48 patients in each group from June 2009 to June 2010.The control group received conventional diabetes treatment and distribution of health education brochures,based on this,the observation group was given health education,including cognitive,nutrition,behavioral intervention.The general prevention condition of diabetes and its complications as well as the education effect were compared before the education and six months after education.Results The fasting blood glucose,2-hour postprandial blood glucose,glycosylated hemoglobin,body mass index and incidence of complications were greatly improved in the observation group than those of the control group.Conclusions Strengthening health education can improve self-care ability of patients,effectively improve the overall control level of diabetes,reduce acute and chronic complications,disability,death rate.

The present study was undertaken to investigate the effects of ceramide on progesterone production and apoptosis in rat luteal cells in vitro. Luteal cells were prepared from the ovaries of pregnant mare serum gonadotropin (PMSG) and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) primed female Wistar rats and incubated with cell permeable C2-ceramide. The effects of ceramide on progesterone production and apoptosis in luteal cells were assessed by radio immunoassay (RIA) and flow cytometry analysis. In addition, changes in nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity and nitric oxide (NO) production by luteal cells treated with C2-ceramide were also evaluated. Ceramide was found to reduce hCG-stimulated progesterone production in a dose-dependent manner, whereas it had little effect on basal progesterone content. Spontaneous apoptosis in luteal cells was observed after a 12-hour incubation in vitro and 5 μmol/L of ceramide significantly increased the apoptotic rate (P<0.05). Enhanced apoptotic peak was seen in the histogram by flow cytometry. Moreover, 50 μmol/L of C2-ceramide significantly increased NOS activity (P<0.01) and NO production (P<0.001). It is suggested that ceramide may serve as an important signaling molecule mediating certain ovarian processes, such as luteal regression.

Objective To explore the necessity and teaching methods of the selective course:interpersonal relationships and communication skills.Methods Two hundred and two medical students were surveyed with a community questionnaire before and after this course.The questionnaire contained the purpose of taking the selective course, advice of teaching methods and their learning harvest.Results More than 90% students thought it was necessary to set up the course, and the purpose that they selected this course was to improve their abilities of interpersonal communications.92.9% students suggested the teaching methods should give prominence to the practice.93.9% students wished to adopt the method of composing the paper through the situation simulation or in combination with their true-life.97.9% students gained more harvest.Conclusions It is very necessary for medical students to set up the selective course: interpersonal relationships and communication skills.The teaching methods should take the medical students' difficulties of interpersonal communications into account and pay attention to cultivate their skills of practice.