Objective To establish the model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) with selective motor neuron disorder by organotypic spinal cord cultures, and analyze the role of astrocyte in the pathagenisis of ALS.Methods Organotypic spinal cord cultures were prepared using lumbar spinal cord slices from 8-day-old SD rat pups. The threohydroxyaspartate (THA) was applied into culture medium to establish ALS organotypic spinal cord cultures model. Motor neurons survival was evaluated by monoclonal SMI-32 immunohistochemical staining and glial fibrillary acidic protein staining to show astrocyte survival.Results Compared with the control group, there was significantly astrogliosis in the anterior horn and surrounding white matter in THA 100 μmol/L group, and the level of gliosis was increased followed the elongation of THA interference time. With the increasing of the number of astrocyte, the morphology of astrocyte was changed.Conclusion There is significantly astrogliosis in the anterior horn and the time of astrogliosis is markedly earlier than the time of motor neuron loss in the ALS model intervented with THA.

Objective To observe the blocking efficacy of mother to child transmission (MTCT) in pregnant women with positive human immunodeficiency virus(HIV), and explore proper MTCT blocking mode for acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.Methods Clinical data of 23 HIV-positive pregnant women in a hospital from 2005 to 2015 were retrospectively analyzed.Results All 23 HIV-positive pregnant women received highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) and comprehensive intervention for blocking MTCT of HIV.Among these women, 12 got pregnant after receiving HAART, 10 were detected positive HIV in early pregnancy (within 28 weeks) and then received HAART, 1 was detected positive HIV 28 weeks after pregnancy and then received HAART.23 HIV-positive pregnant women all delivered normal newborns, follow-up observation of babies found no HIV infection.Conclusion HAART for HIV-positive pregnant women is the key to block MTCT of HIV, combined with preventive medication and artificial feeding of newborns, HAART can effectively prevent MTCT.Mutual blocking mode, such as HAART for HIV-positive pregnant women by specialists, pregnancy check-up, and preventive medicine for infants provided by maternity and child care hospital, is highly efficiency.

Using the field sampling and indoor soil cultivation methods, the dynamic of ginseng rhizosphere soil microbial activity and biomass with three cultivated ages was studied to provide a theory basis for illustrating mechanism of continuous cropping obstacles of ginseng. The results showed that ginseng rhizosphere soil microbial activity and biomass accumulation were inhibited observably by growing time. The soil respiration, soil cellulose decomposition and soil nitrification of ginseng rhizosphere soil microorganism were inhibited significantly (P <0.05), in contrast to the control soil uncultivated ginseng (R0). And the inhibition was gradual augmentation with the number of growing years. The soil microbial activity of 3a ginseng soil (R3) was the lowest, and its activity of soil respiration, soil cellulose decomposition, soil ammonification and soil nitrification was lower than that in R0 with 56.31%, 86.71% and 90. 53% , respectively. The soil ammonification of ginseng rhizosphere soil microbial was significantly promoted compared with R0. The promotion was improved during the early growing time, while the promotion was decreased with the number of growing years. The soil ammonification of R1, R2 and R3 were lower than that in R0 with 32.43%, 80.54% and 66.64% separately. The SMB-C and SMB-N in ginseng rhizosphere soil had a decreased tendency with the number of growing years. The SMB-C difference among 3 cultivated ages was significant, while the SMB-N was not. The SMB of R3 was the lowest. Compared with R0, the SMB-C and the SMB-N were significantly reduced 77.30% and 69.36%. It was considered by integrated analysis that the leading factor of continuous cropping obstacle in ginseng was the changes of the rhizosphere soil microbial species, number and activity as well as the micro-ecological imbalance of rhizosphere soil caused by the accumulation of ginseng rhizosphere secretions.
Agriculture ; Ammonium Compounds ; metabolism ; Bacteria ; growth & development ; Biomass ; Cellulose ; metabolism ; Nitrification ; Panax ; growth & development ; microbiology ; Plant Roots ; growth & development ; microbiology ; Rhizosphere ; Soil ; chemistry ; Soil Microbiology ; Time Factors

Objective To investigate the difference between the blood pressure readings between sitting and supine position,and to study the factors that associated with the sitting-supine blood pressure difference in patient with diabetes.Methods We measured the sitting blood pressure first then followed by the supine pressure in 356 diabetic patients,using a standard mercury sphygmomanometer.Patient's body weight,height and blood glucose levels were also measured.Results SBP and DBP were significantly higher in the supine position than in sitting position in diabetic patients(by 3.5?7.6/1.5?4.9 mm Hg,P

Administration, Oral ; Administration, Topical ; Adult ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Humans ; Interleukin-10 ; blood ; Interleukin-18 ; blood ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Phytotherapy ; Warts ; blood ; drug therapy ; Young Adult

The aims of this paper were to define (1) criteria of cerebral palsy; (2) classification of cerebral palsy; (3) etiology, neuroimaging, and epidemiology of cerebral palsy; (4) different kinds of treatments of cerebral palsy. Data were drawn from an international survey of PUBMED (1994-2014) and CNKI (1994-2014). An expert panel used a consensus building technique. The10-point Jadad scale was used to assess the quality of the trials based on the following items, including allocation sequence generation, randomization concealment, methods of blinding, and descriptions of withdrawals and dropouts. Our clinical experience was also summarized. Below is a summary. (1) Further work is warranted to reach agreement for the classification of cerebral palsy. (2) A worldwide prevalence of 1.5-4.0 per 1 000 live births, with an average lifetime cost of 1 million dollars per person in the United States, while it is 1.8-6.0 per 1000 live births in China. (3) Comparison of clinical efficacy of different treatments. In this review, the current advances in different kind of treatments of brain injury are discussed with specific relevance to cerebral palsy.
Cerebral Palsy ; classification ; diagnosis ; therapy ; China ; Humans ; Prevalence ; United States

Humans ; Microcirculation ; Sepsis ; physiopathology

Acupuncture Therapy ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Bulbar Palsy, Progressive ; etiology ; therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Stroke ; complications

Objective To explore the effect of the unilateral lumbar anesthesia by hypobaric bupivacaine and general anesthe‐sia in elderly hip replacement and their influence on the stress response .Methods Forty elderly patients undergoing hip replace‐ment in our hospital from December 2013 to November 2014 were selected and randomly divided into the unilateral lumbar anesthe‐sia group and general anesthesia group according to the random number table ,20 cases in each group .Venous blood was collected to determine the levels of blood sugar ,serum catecholamine(CA) and cortisol(CORT ) at 10 min before anesthesia(T0 ) ,end of surgery (T1 ) and at postoperative 24 h(T2 ) .MAP ,HR ,SpO2 ,intraoperative adverse reactions and postoperative related complications were recorded at each time point ,and the comparative analysis was performed .Results All patients successfully completed surgery and the anesthetic effect was satisfied .The occurrence rates of intraoperative hypotension ,hypertension and bradycardia in the unilateral lumbar anesthesia group were lower than those in the general anesthesia group ,the differences had statistical significances (P>0 .05) .HR and MAP at T1 in the two groups were reduced ,but the differences between the two groups were no statistical signifi‐cance(P>0 .05);the levels of GLU ,CORT and CA were increased ,moreover the differences between the two groups were statisti‐cally significant(P<0 .05) .SpO2 at T2 in the general anesthesia group was obviously lower than that in the unilateral lumbar anes‐thesia group ,while CORT was higher than that in the unilateral lumbar anesthesia group ,the differences were statistically signifi‐cant(P<0 .05) .The occurrence rates of postoperative nausea and vomiting ,sore throat ,dizziness ,drowsiness and pulmonary infec‐tion in the unilateral lumbar anesthesia group were lower than those in the general anesthesia group ,the differences were statistical‐ly significant(P<0 .05) .Conclusion The unilateral lumbar anesthesia by using hypobaric bupivacaine and general anesthesia all could offer better anesthetic effect .The unilateral lumbar anesthesia by using hypobaric bupivacaine can effectively regulate the stress response in elderly patients with hip replacement .

Objective To investigate the distribution of neurons expressing Fos protein in central nervous system (CNS) following esophageal mucosal acid exposure,and to map the contribution of spe- cific brain areas in sensitizing responsivity and emphasize the coding change of CNS to the esophageal acid stimulation.Methods Thirty-six healthy Sprague-Dwley rats were randomly divided into five groups. Group A (n=6) was normal group of home cage control animals to which no stimulation was given. Group B (n=7) was saline group which received esophageal perfusion with normal saline solution (0.9% NaCl).Group C (n=8) was treated with esophageal mucosal acid exposure containing 0.1 mol/L HCl. Group D (n=7) was sensitized by ovalbumin.Group E (n=8) received basal ovalbumin-sensitization plus esophageal mucosal acid exposure.The rat model of esophageal visceral hypersensitivity was estab- lished by the basic ovalbumin-sensitization combined with intra-esophageal mucosal acid exposure.The neuronal expressions of c-fos proto-oncogene were detected with immunohistochemical counter-staining and computerized color image analyzer under various conditions.Results The rats in model group with basic ovalbumin-sensitization plus esophageal acid perfusion initiated a high density expression of c-fos- immunoreactive(Fos-IR) neurons in multineuronal networks.A significantly higher number of Fos positive neurons was found in the model group than those in the corresponding regions of other groups (P＜0.05) in the following brain areas:frontal and parietal cortex,insular cortex,cingulated cortex,central amyg- daloid nucleus,the K(?)lliker-Fuse nucleus,the nucleus ambiguus,parabrachial nucleus,hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus,paraventricular thalamic nucleus,paratrigeminal nucleus,the nucleus of solitary tract,area postrema,reticular nucleus of medulla,whereas no significant difference was found in the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus,supraoptic nucleus,periaqueductal gray matter or orbital part of infe- rior frontal gyrus.The values of Fos-IR neurons were also increased in the central amygdala,parabrachi- al nucleus,paraventricular nucleus,the paratrigeminal nucleus and NTS in the model group than that in the corresponding regions of other groups (P＜0.05).Conclusion The basic ovalbumin-sensitization fa- cilitated dramatically the c-fos expression evoked by esophageal acid perfusion,suggesting that visceral hypersensitivity induced by ovalbumin may alter cortical reactivity processing of esophageal acid stimula- tion in brain areas.