OBJECTIVEThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of the self-drilling miniscrew implant for maximum anchorage cases.

METHODSThe study comprised 5 patients whose ages ranged from 14 to 31 years. All patients presented with. Class II skeletal pattern, maxillary protrusion or bimaxillary protrusion. Maximum molar anchorage and first premolar extraction were required. In the stage of anterior teeth retraction, self-drilling miniscrew implants were inserted into the buccal alveolar bone between maxillary second premolar and first molar. Sliding mechanics with 150 - 200 g force was used to retract anterior teeth. The cephalometric films before and after retraction were measured.

RESULTSDental protrusion and facial profile were improved significantly in all patients. The edge of upper incisors was retracted 6.4 mm and anchor molar moved anteriorly 0.3 mm averagely. All miniscrew implants remained stable during treatment and peri-implant soft tissue remained healthy.

CONCLUSIONSSelf-drilling minisrcew implant could be used as an efficient method for anchorage control and an alternative choice of extra-oral forces.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Bone Screws ; Dental Implants ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Malocclusion, Angle Class I ; therapy ; Malocclusion, Angle Class II ; therapy ; Molar ; Orthodontic Anchorage Procedures ; instrumentation ; methods ; Titanium ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo investigate the palatal bone thickness in adult with normal occlusion.

METHODSThe cone beam computerized tomography records of 32 adults with normal occlusion (16 males and 16 females), mean age (30.1 ± 6.5) years, were used to measure the bone thickness at midpalatal area and the right and left palatal sides. Coronal slices at 3 mm intervals were generated. Slice 1 was the coronal slice through the posterior border to the incisive foramen, while Slice 7 was the coronal slice 18 mm away from the incisive foramen. At each coronal slice, the midpalatal sites were Site M and the sites on the exterior margin of the hard palatal were Site D. Four equally divided parts on the line linking Site M to Site D were named Site A, B, C from the interior to the exterior respectively. Palatal bone thickness were measured at these sites.

RESULTSSignificant differences were noted from Slice 1 to Slice 7, the bone thickness of palate tended to decrease from the front to the back. The thickest site at hard palatal was 12.6 mm, locating at Site D of Slice 1, while the thinnest site was 2.7 mm, locating at Site B of Slice 7. The palatal bone thickness ranged from 10.5 mm (maximum) to 5.8 mm (minimum) at Slice 2 and Slice 3. No statistical significance was found between the left and right sides (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSThe favorable sites for miniscrew placement were the anterior region of the hard palate in adult. The length of miniscrew ranged from 5 mm to 10 mm can be placed from 6 mm posterior to the incisive foramen.

Adult ; Bone Screws ; Cone-Beam Computed Tomography ; Dental Occlusion ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Orthodontic Anchorage Procedures ; instrumentation ; Palate, Hard ; anatomy & histology ; diagnostic imaging ; Statistics, Nonparametric

Ganzi Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture is the birthplace of Tibetan medicine of southern school, also rich in natural resources of Chinese and Tibetan medicine (CTM). As the pillar industry of Ganzi prefecture, CTM shows a trend of improvement of overall services, growing of the number of companies and increasing scale of industries. However, the CTM industry in Ganzi prefecture still has some shortcomings. This article reviewed the development and existential problems of CTM industry of Ganzi prefecture. In addition, the article carries on relevant thinking through literature review and discussion and analysis. It is believed that CTM industry of Ganzi prefecture faced with the conflict between environmental protection and the development of CTM industry, small scale of CTM industry, inadequate expertise and insufficient product innovation. This article gave some feasible suggestions, such as coordinated development of cultural tourism and medical industry, establishment of high efficient mode to promote producing-learning-research development, enhancement of quality standardization of CTM industry, with a purpose to guarantee the quality transmission of each step.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the cortical bone thickness of the inter-dental area of both jaws for orthodontic miniscrew placement. The cone-beam computerized tomography images of 32 non-orthodontic adults with normal occlusion were taken to measure the cortical bone thickness in both jaws. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to analyze the differences in cortical bone thickness. Buccal cortical bone in the mandible was thicker than that in the maxilla. In the maxilla, cortical bone thickness was thicker in the buccal side than in the palatal side. Buccal cortical bone thickness in the mandible was thickest at the site distal to the first molar, and in the maxilla it was thickest at the site mesial to the first molar, while in the palatal side of maxilla it was thickest at the site mesial to the second premolar. The changing pattern of cortical bone thickness varies at different sites. In the buccal side of maxilla, the thinnest cortical bone thickness was found to be at 4 mm level from the alveolar crest, while the thickest was at 10 mm level (except for the site mesial to the first premolar). The buccal cortical bone thickness at the sites mesial or distal to the first molar in the mandible and palatal cortical bone thickness of maxilla tended to increase with increasing distance from the alveolar bone.
Adult ; Bone Screws ; Cone-Beam Computed Tomography ; methods ; Dental Implantation, Endosseous, Endodontic ; instrumentation ; methods ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Mandible ; diagnostic imaging ; surgery ; Maxilla ; diagnostic imaging ; surgery ; Radiography, Dental ; methods ; Reproducibility of Results ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Surgery, Computer-Assisted ; methods ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo elucidate the reconstruction of neovascularization that occurred in the superiorly and inferiorly based posterior pharyngeal flaps in different time postoperatively.

METHODSTen mongrel dogs were randomly divided into two experimental groups, which were performed superiorly or inferiorly based posterior pharyngeal flap surgery respectively. Each group was then subdivided into five subgroups, and were sacrificed immediately after operation or on 3, 7, 30, 90 day postoperative respectively. Microangiography was used to exhibite the vessel.

RESULTS1. The blood vessel reconstruction of the superiorly based posterior pharyngeal flap was more rapid compared with the inferiorly based flap. The 3-day flap has established an axial vascular network, which was mature on the 30-day flap. The superiorly based posterior pharyngeal flap was mainly supplied by the pedicle. 2. The blood vessels reconstruction of the inferiorly based posterior pharyngeal flap was firstly occurred in the pedicle and apex of the flap, which grew slowly to the middle of the flap. The inferiorly based posterior pharyngeal flap was supplied by the pedicle and the soft palate. A mature axial vascular network was exhibited on the 90-day flap, which was not mature on the 30-day flap.

CONCLUSIONBoth superiorly and inferiorly based posterior pharyngeal flap can establish an axial vascular network and gain ample blood supply.

Animals ; Dogs ; Neovascularization, Physiologic ; Palate, Soft ; blood supply ; Pharynx ; blood supply ; Random Allocation ; Reconstructive Surgical Procedures ; Surgical Flaps ; blood supply

The aim of this retrospective study was to quantitatively evaluate the treatment effects of intrusion of overerupted maxillary molars using miniscrew implant anchorage and to investigate the apical root resorption after molar intrusion. The subjects included 30 patients whose average ages were 35.5±9.0 years. All patients had received intrusion treatments for overerupted maxillary molars with miniscrew anchorage. There were 38 maxillary first molars and 26 maxillary second molars to be intruded. Two miniscrews were inserted in the buccal and palatal alveolar bone mesial to the overerupted molar. Force of 100-150 g was applied by the elastic chains between screw head and attachment on each side. Lateral cephalograms and panoramic radiographs taken before and after intrusion were used to evaluate dental changes and root resorption of molars. Only 6 of the 128 miniscrews failed. The first and second molars were significantly intruded by averages of 3.4 mm and 3.1 mm respectively (P<0.001). The average intrusion time was more than 6 months. The crown of the molars mesially tilted by averages of 3.1 degrees and 3.3 degrees (P<0.001) for first and second molars. The amounts of root resorption were 0.2-0.4 mm on average. The intrusion treatment of overerupted molars with miniscrew anchorages could be used as an efficient and reliable method to recover lost restoration space for prosthesis. Radiographically speaking, root resorption of molars was not clinically significant after application of intrusive forces of 200 to 300 g.
Adult ; Bone Screws ; Cephalometry ; Dental Implantation ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Maxilla ; Middle Aged ; Molar ; diagnostic imaging ; surgery ; Orthodontic Anchorage Procedures ; instrumentation ; methods ; Radiography, Dental ; methods ; Retrospective Studies ; Root Resorption ; diagnostic imaging ; surgery ; Tooth Movement Techniques ; instrumentation ; methods ; Young Adult

Objective To observe the efficacy and feasibility of transplanting autologous bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) via articular cavity on skeletal fluorosis rabbits. Methods A total of 30 rabbits, half male and half female, were divided into control group (n=6) and experimental group (n=24) by random number table method. The two groups of rabbits were given drinking water containing NaF 0 or 300 mg/L, respectively. After 90 days, 24 rabbits were divided into single treatment group, multiple treatment group, spontaneous recovery group and treatment solvent control group (6 rabbits in each group, half male and half female). After isolation, the BMSCs from skeletal fluorosis rabbits were cultured and identified, autologous BMSCs were transplanted into rabbit bodies via articular cavity at once or at three different other times, respectively. After 60 days, femur image was observed through X-ray. Femur bone mineral density was measured with quantitative CT (QCT). Serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and osteocalcin (BGP) were also measured using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Bone fluoride content was determined via the fluorine ion-selective electrode method. Histopathology changes of femur were observed through HE staining and the trabecular area was calculated. Results In the multiple treatment group, patchy high-density images of femur were disappeared and abnormal bone texture was recovered compared with that of before transplantation. Bone density [(536.91 ± 25.51) g/cm3], ALP concentration [(20.06 ± 6.25) U/L], BGP concentration [(1230.01 ± 119.50) μg/L], bone fluoride content [(1442.40 ± 458.54) mg/kg] and trabecular area [(27.81 ± 2.90) Tb.Ar] of the multiple treatment group were lower than those of spontaneous recovery group [(635.11 ± 93.42) g/cm3, (43.08 ± 2.82) U/L, (3207.73 ± 788.80) μg/L, (2557.65 ± 173.90) mg/kg, (38.52 ± 2.81) Tb.Ar], and th e differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). HE staining in the multiple treatment group showed that bone marrow cavity was enlarged, and the number of trabeculae was decreased, accompanied by some new generated, neatly arranged normal trabeculae. But similar results were not observed in the single treatment group. Conclusion After multiple transplantation via articular cavity, autologous BMSCs from skeletal fluorosis rabbits could repair the damaged bone tissue and improve the pathological damage of skeletal fluorosis with osteosclerosis.

Objective:To apply ¹³N-ammonia PET/CT cerebral blood perfusion imaging combined with methazolamide challenge for cerebrovascular reserve (CVR) evaluation in ischemic cerebrovascular diseases. Methods:From January, 2014 to December, 2016, 56 ischemic stroke patients with serious stenosis of unilateral internal carotid artery or middle cerebral artery accepted basal and stress PET/CT with methazolamide challenge. The patients were divided into normal-CVR group (n = 29) and reduced-CVR group (n = 27) according to the results of CVR, and followed up for 24 months. The ischemic cerebrovascular events and cerebral blood flow were observed. Results:The incidence of transient ischemic attack was more in the reduced-CVR group than in the normal-CVR group (χ² = 4.389, P < 0.05), while the incidence of ischemic stroke increased a little with no significant difference between the two groups (P > 0.05). The CBF was improved in normal-CVR group after treatment (t = 2.409, P < 0.05), and the improvement was not significant in reduced-CVR group (t = 0.648, P > 0.05). Conclusion:¹³N-ammonia PET/CT cerebral blood flow perfusion imaging combined with methazolamide challenge can be used to evaluate CVR to predict the outcome for patients with cerebral ischemic disease, which is helpful for early intervention.

Tongmai granule (TM) is composed of Puerariae Lobatae Radix (Gegen), Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma(Danshen) and Chuanxiong Rhizoma(Chuanxiong). It has been used to treat ischemic cardio-cerebrovascular diseases for decades. For the purpose of elucidating its pharmacodynamic material foundation, the absorption and pharmacokinetic property of TM were investigated in acute myocardial ischemic model beagles. All serum samples were extracted before analysis with ethyl acetate after being acidified by hydrochloric acid. Under negative ESI detection mode, the chromatographic separation was carried out with monolithic C₁₈ column for gradient elution. A simultaneous quantitative analysis was made on 15 polyphenols, including 8 from Gegen, 5 from Danshen and 2 from Chuanxiong, in 8.5 min. The validation result demonstrated the specificity, accuracy and precision of the method in line with the bioanalysis requirements. After TM solution was administrated to acute myocardial ischemic model beagles through duodenum injection, serum samples were collected after 6 h. The quantitative detection proved the prompt absorption of TM, all of the components were detectable in the blood samples 5 min later, and reached peak respectively at 0.18-3.83 h after administration. The components presented large variabilities. The most components were exposed in serum with puerarin and salvianic acid A, followed by 3'-methoxypuerarin, mirificin, and 3'-hydroxypuerarin. The study proves puerarin and salvianic acid A are dominating active components of TM in acute myocardial ischemic model beagles.

This study was aimed to elucidate the expression of costimulatory molecule CD80 and CD86 in HL-60 cells induced by proteasome inhibitor MG132 and its effect on allogeneic mixed lymphocyte reaction. Acute myelocytic leukemia cell line HL-60 and chronic myelocytic leukemia cell line K562 were cultured. The viability of the cells was measured by flow cytometry. Proteasome inhibitor MG132 at the concentrations of 2 or 3 µmol/L was used to stimulate the HL-60 cell cultured for 24 h and 48 h respectively, and the Annexin V/7-AAD staining and flow cytomotry were used to detect the apoptosis of the HL-60 cells. HL-60 and K562 cells were treated with 1 µmol/L MG132 for 24 h and 48 h respectively, then CD80 and CD86 antibodies were added, finally the expression of CD80 and CD86 was analysed by flow cytomery. The mRNA expression of CD86 in the HL-60 cells treated with 1 µmol/L MG132 was detected by RT-PCR. HL-60 and K562 cells were treated by 1 µmol/L MG132 and then underwent irradiation of 75 Gy (60)Co to kill the cells with their antigenicity preserved. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMNCs) of healthy volunteers, as reactive cells, were isolated and inoculated into the (60)Co irradiated HL-60 cells of different concentrations, as stimulating cells, CCK-8 was added and then the A value of absorbance was measured at the wave length of 450 nm in an enzyme labeling instrument. The results showed that the cell viability of the HL-60 cells treated with 1 µmol/L MG132 for 24 h an d 48 h was 92.95% and 85.87% respectively. The apoptotic rates of the HL-60 cells treated with MG132 increased in dose-and time-dependent manner. High-concentration of MG132 directly killed HL-60 cells. Before MG132 treatment K562 cells did not express CD86, but the CD86 expression of the HL-60 cells was up-regulated time-dependently after MG132 treatment (P < 0.01). The mRNA expression of CD86 in the HL-60 treated with MG132 was up-regulated time-dependently (P < 0.01). CCK-8 test showed that the proliferation level of PBMNC gradually increased along with the concentration of HL-60 cells treated with MG132 and reached its peak when the concentration of the HL-60 cells was 1×10(5) (P < 0.01). No remarkable proliferation of PBMNC was observed in the K562 groups no matter if the HL-60 cells had been treated with MG132. It is concluded that the high concentration of MG132 can directly kill HL-60 cells, low-concentration of MG132 can induce the expression of costimulatory molecule CD86 in HL-60 cells, also can improve the proliferation of PBMNC.
Apoptosis ; B7-2 Antigen ; immunology ; Cell Survival ; Flow Cytometry ; HL-60 Cells ; Humans ; K562 Cells ; Leukocytes, Mononuclear ; drug effects ; Leupeptins ; pharmacology ; Lymphocyte Culture Test, Mixed ; Proteasome Inhibitors ; pharmacology ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Up-Regulation