ObjectiveTo investigate the ideal surgical period of children with tongue-tie.MethodsThe data of 517 children with tongue-tie treated by simply clipped surgery or horizontal-to-vertical plasty were analyzed retrospectively to evaluate the effect of operation and the level of phonologic prognosis.ResultsThe sex ratio was approximately 10∶4 (male∶female) in all groups. Two cases occurred postoperative hemorrhage. The follow-up compliance was better in children <1 year old, but higher levels of noncompliance occurred in children >1 years old. One year after surgical treatment, there were no phonologic disorders caused by tongue motion in children <1 year old, but the levels of phonologic prognosis in children >1 years old were better, moderate, and insignificant respectively.ConclusionThe ideal surgical period of children with tongue-tie is age of 6～12 months.

BACKGROUND:Distraction osteogenesis is one of the most important tissue engineering technologies. However, the exact signaling pathway controling mesenchymal stem cel-osteoblast lineage (MSC-OB) migration during distraction osteogenesis has not yet been elucidated. More efforts should be paid to make a ful understanding of the mechanism on MSC-OB lineage migration, which can improve the clinical efficacy of distraction osteogenesis.
OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the effects of mechanical stretch on the ability of MSC-OB mobility and expression of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway as wel as matrix metaloproteinases (MMPs) in MSC-OB, and to make clear the mechanism by which controls MSC-OB migration during distraction osteogenesis.
METHODS:Twelve Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized into two groups: experimental group (n=6), anin vivo rat mandibular distraction osteogenesis model was established on the right side of rats; non-stretch group (n=6), only the mandibular resection was done but with no distraction osteogenesis. Immunohistochemical staining was used to detect phosphorylated mTOR expression in new osteotylus at 15 days after operation. In addition, an in vitro cel stretch model was made in the mandibular mesenchymal stem cels from healthy Sprague-Dawley rats under resting tension force (6%, 4 hours); no distraction was done in control group. The ability of MSC-OB mobility, the expression of mTOR, Raptor, p70S6K and MMPs were evaluated using experiment methods including immunohistochemistry staining, real-time PCR and scratch assay.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The expression of phosphorylated mTOR in MSC-OB was upregulated in the mandibular bone calus of the stretch group than the non-stretch group (P < 0.05). In thein vitro experiments, MSC-OB applied with mechanical stretch (6%, 4 hours) showed elevated gene expression levels of mTOR, Raptor, p70S6K, MMP-2, MMP-9 and MMP-13 compared with the control group (0%, 4 hours). Meanwhile, MSC-OB in the experiment group (6%, 4 hours) showed a greater ability of mobility, as demonstrated by a farther distance after 48 hours of observation (P < 0.05). The present study suggests that the enhancement of MSC-OB mobility correlates with increase of the gene expression of MMPs and mTOR signaling pathway. Mechanical stretch may promote MSC-OB migration through activation of mTOR/MMPs signaling pathway.

Objective To understand the pattern of children injuries treated in hospitals and to provide evidence for its further prevention and control. Methods Data of children cases was descriptively analyzed from the Chinese National Injury Surveillance System (NISS), from 2006 to 2008. Results The incidence rates of boys were twice (2.22,2.15,2.15 ) higher than girls. About one half (50.74% ,49.75% ,49.75%) of them were 5-14 year of age. The main causes were falls (44.14%,45.68%, 47.15% ), RTIs (15.71%, 14.46%, 13.79% ), and blunt force injuries (13.20%, 12.92%,12.40% ). Main locations where the injuries happened were at home (34.96%, 36.86%, 38.84% ),school and public places (24.72%, 19.80%,21.19%) ,and road/street (21.21%, 19.63%, 19.33%). The major injured body parts were head (34.88%, 35.84%, 37.07% ), upper limbs (28.00%, 28.21%,27.81% ) and lower limbs (21.86%, 21.49%, 21.31% ). The majority cases were unintentional (93.01%, 92.66%, 90.58% ), minor (78.50%, 81.20%, 81.52% ) injuries, treated and discharged (82.37%, 85.19%, 84.84% ). There were considerable differences in the distributions of causes,locations, injured body parts, and other contexts depending on age. Conclusion The pattern of children' s injury would include causes, places and other characteristics treated at hospitals from NISS and was related to the age of the injured child which was quite different from the spectrum of death caused by injury. NISS acts as an important source of information on children's injury in China, and can contribute to the prevention and control program on children' s injury.

Objective To study the preventive strategies through analyzing the poisoning cases from the National Injury Surveillance System (NISS), from 2006 to 2008. Methods Data of poisoning cases was descriptively analyzed from Chinese NISS, from 2006 to 2008. Results The proportion of poisoning cases to all injuries cases from NISS were 2.57%, 2.48% and 2.52% from 2006 to 2008, which ranked sixth in all the injuries causes. Most people being poisoned had junior middle school education and most of them were agriculture/animal husbandry/fishery/water producers or commercial/service personnel. Most of the poisoning incidents were happened at home, always occurred in leisure time - around 8 PM, every day. The common types of poisoning were alcohol,clinical drugs, pesticide and carbon monoxide. Unintentional injuries were the main causes. Self-harm/suicidal cases in the rural areas were more than in the urban areas, with women more than men. The main type of self-harm/suicide related poisoning cases were through drugs or pesticide. ≥65, 15-29and 30-44 year-olds were most commonly seen. Conclusion Alcoholism was the primary type of poisoning injuries which is the highest in young adults ( 15-29 years and 30-44 years). It's important to promote civilized drinking habits and limit access to alcohol for youth. Self-harm/suicide had close relationship with clinical drugs and pesticide. The key points to prevent pesticide and clinical drugs poisoning were safe storage of pesticides, universal security of pesticide, and the supervision on drug producing and marketing. Children and the elderly were the high risk people for carbon monoxide poisoning. Monitoring and intervention must be strengthened.

OBJECTIVEIncidence and severity of motion sickness (MS) in hot-humid environment are extremely high. We tried to know the effect of two-stage training for reducing incidence and severity of ms.

METHODSSixty male subjects were divided into experimental group and control group randomly. Subjects in experimental group received: (2) adaptation training including sitting, walking and running in hot lab. After adaptation confirmation based on subjective feeling, rectal temperature, heart rate, blood Pressure, sweat rates and sweat salt concentration, we tested both groups by Coriolis acceleration revolving chair test and recorded Graybiel's score and grading of severity to evaluate whether adaptation training was useful; (2) Anti-dizzy training 3m later of deacclimatization contained revolving chair training for 10 times. Then we did the same test as mentioned above to evaluate effect of anti-dizzy training. RESULST: Graybiel' s score and grading of severity had no difference between two groups through acclimatization training (P > 0.05). While they had difference through anti-dizzy training (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONAdaptation training seems useless for reducing incidence and severity of MS in hot-humid environment, but anti-dizzy training is useful.

Acclimatization ; physiology ; Adolescent ; Hot Temperature ; Humans ; Male ; Motion Sickness ; physiopathology ; prevention & control ; Young Adult

Objective To explore the pulmonary function,DVH and radiation pneumonitis after three-dimensional conformal radiation treatment ofⅢphase non-small-cell lung cancer.Methods 71 pa- tients (male 52,female 19,median age 63,KPS≥80) were evaluated by pulmonary function tests before radiotherapy and in M1 and M3 after radiotherapy respectively.After 3 months of follow-up time,it reviewed the appearance and grade of radiation pneumonitis.Then V_(20),V_(30) and MLD were worked out from dose vol- ume histogram.Results All patients completed radiotherapy,and total dose was 66-70 Gy.FVC (L), FEV1 (L) and CLCO were (2.58?0.65) L,(1.85?0.58) L and (15.15?4.65)ml/(min)before radio- therapy,with (2.96?0.76) L,(2.13?0.65) L and (14.71?3.92) ml/(min) in Ml after radiotherapy, with (2.65?0.61) L,(1.92?0.52) L and (13.15?3.71)ml/(min)in M3 after radiotherapy.The ac- cidence of radiation pneumonitis was 30%,moderate and severe radiation pneumonitis was 7%.With V_(20), V_(30) and MLD increasing,the grade of radiation pneumonitis was increasing.V_(20),V_(30) and MLD were related to the change in CLCO value among before,M1 and M3 after radiotherapy,and the correlation coefficient was more than 0.2.Conclusions There is a relationship in the pulmonary function,DVH and radiation pneu- monitis surely.The change in C_LCO value between before radiotherapy and M1 after radiotherapy could pre- dict the radiation pneumonitis.V_(20),V_(30) and MLD are not only correlated to radiation pneumonitis evidently but the change in FEV_1 and C_LCO after radiotherapy.

Objective To understand the situation of downward dislocation of intrauterine device (IUD) and the impact related to the effectiveness of IUD use, in China. Methods An epidemiological survey with cross-sectional, retrospective and prospective study designs was conducted to investigate 18 922 IUD users who were selected by a multi-phase stratified cluster sampling method. Results IUD's downward dislocation had been an important unsuccessful issue related to the IUD insertion that accounted for 20% of total the cases of failure. The top three failure outcomes would include extrusion,removal due to downward dislocation and unintended pregnancy. Respectively, the cumulative rates and the ranking due to IUD failure (per 100 women) in the first, third, sixth and twelfth month were shown as follows: extrusion appeared as 0.33%, 1.13%, 2.21% and 4.30%; removal as 0.10%, 0.37%, 0.80% and 2.34% ; while unintended pregnancy were 0.03%, 0.14%, 0.41% and 1.14%. Conclusion IUD' s downward dislocation made great impact on the effectiveness of IUD use that should call for attention from relative governmental sectors and researchers in the areas of prevention, diagnosis and treatment.

Objective To analyze the injury characteristics, using data from the National Injury Surveillance System (NISS), 2006 to 2008, to develop a injury prevention strategy. Methods 129 hospitals from 43 surveillance points in NISS were selected according to the DSP sample framework, also considering the capacity of local CDC. Results Relative information on 1 318 739cases were analyzed. The number of male cases were more than the females. The top three causes of injuries were as follows: falls (28.02%,29.36%,30.12%), traffic-related (23.07%,21.61%,21.44%)and blunt injuries (21.46%, 21.17%, 20.59% ). The major places where injuries occurred were: road/street (29.80%, 27.73%, 28.37% ) and at home (21.51%, 22.80%, 24.02% ). Recreation activities (35.63%, 41.93%, 42.13% ) and at work (24.43%, 22.60%, 21.44% ) were the two major activities when injuries took place. Most injury cases were unintentional (83.81%, 86.32%, 86.71% ) and mild (70.42%, 74.79%, 73.90% ). Rush hours that caused injuries to happen were between 7 to 10 AM.Conclusion Male injury cases were more than females. Falls, road traffic-related and blunt injuries were the major causes, with most of them were unintentional and minor.

A novel white-rot fungus AH28-2,which was isolated from 224 fungi samples,ability to produce effectively laccase by induction.Several factors influencing laccase production were investigated.The optimum conditions were as follows:the 300mL Erlenmeyer flask containing 150mL of liquid medium was inoculated with 7.5mL of mycelial fragments and the medium was supplied with lignin at a concentration of 0.1%(initial pH8.5).The cultures was incubated at 28℃ on rotary shaker(150r/min) for 4～5 days.The maximum enzyme activity was 20184IU/L.

Objective To describe the distribution of injuries among the elderly through hospital based National Injury Surveillance System (NISS), and to provide basic information for prevention of injury among the elderly. Methods Data on injuries among the elderly aged 60 years and above was descriptively analyzed from the Chinese NISS from 2006 to 2008. Using the data of NISS from 2006 to 2008, information was collected on those cases who were diagnosed as injuries for the first-time in the site hospitals. Information included demographic characteristics, features of the injury events, and clinical characteristics of injuries. SPSS 16.0 software was used for data analysis.Results The leading causes of injuries among the elderly were: falls, road traffic injuries, and blunt injuries, which were in total accounting for more than 70% of all the injuries among the elderly. Most of the injuries occurred at home (46.25 %, 44.44%, 46.23 % ), on the roads ( 30.95%, 28.51%, 28.61% )and in the public residences (8.89%, 11.57%, 11.25% ). Recreation activates (42.14%, 48.09%,48.59%) ,housework/study (21.15%, 18.21%, 18.15%) and driving (13.67%, 13.80%, 13.56%) were the three major activities when injuries took place. Most injuries among the elderly were unintentional (91.34%, 92.84%, 93.09% ). The leading causes of suicide of the elderly were poisoning and sharp injury. The most common natures of injuries were bruise (36.07%, 38.18%, 38.50% ), fractures (25.65%, 22.47%, 23.77% ), and sharp/bite/open injuries ( 17.19%, 18.21%, 17.46% ) while the most injured part of bodies were head (26.32%, 25.59%, 25.90%), lower limbs (25.74%, 25.70%, 25.26%)and upper limbs (21.01%,21.14%,21.37%). Most of the injuries were minor ones (60.53%,65.09%,63.58% ), and patients mostly went home after treatment (64.11%, 68.53%, 67.99% ). Conclusion According to NISS, the proportion of injuries among the elderly in all injuries kept increasing from 2006 to 2008, while distribution of injuries among the elderly being stable. Falls was the most common injury type for the elderly which also brought along bad outcome. Falls was the priority for injury prevention among the elderly.