Child ; Child Health Services ; trends ; Delivery of Health Care ; organization & administration ; Education, Medical ; Hospitals, Pediatric ; economics ; organization & administration ; Humans ; Pediatrics ; trends ; Specialization ; Urban Population

ObjectiveTo study the level of temperament and self-esteem of children aged 8～12 in Beijing city,as well as their interaction and influenced factor.Methods203 school children aged 8～12 were assessed with Carey's temperament questionnaire(8～12:MCTQ) and The Self-Esteem Scale(SES).ResultsTemperament and self-esteem of school children aged 8～12 were associated with the parental behavior,especially with work style of their fathers.The rhythmicity was found to be negative correlated to the self-esteem scores,and the intensity of reaction was found to be positive correlated to the self-esteem scores.ConclusionParents' behavior and family environment were important to the temperament and self-esteem of school children.

Objective:To determine the di-allelic polymorphisms of TNF gene and their association with Helicobacter Pylori(H.pylori) infection and gastroduodenal diseases in Chinese population with Han nationality.Methods:Two hundreds and ten patients with gastroduodenal diseases(73 chronic gastritis,78 duodenal ulcer and 59 noncardia gastric cancer) and 264 healthy controls were genotyped by the PCR-RFLP method for TNF-? 308,lymphotoxin-?(LT-?) Nco Ⅰ and AspH Ⅰ gene polymorphisms.H.pylori infection status was determined by a validated serological test.Results:H.pylori infection was detected in 90.5% of 210 patients and 62.1% of 264 healthy controls(P

Background:Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the most debilitating diseases worldwide.Current studies have shown that vitamin D plays a significant role in host immune defense against Mycobacterium tuberculosis,but clinical trials reported inconsistent results.Therefore,we systematically reviewed the literature to investigate whether vitamin D supplementation could improve the effect of anti-TB therapy.Methods:We systematically searched PubMed,Embase,and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials from their inception to February 8th,2019 for randomized controlled trials on vitamin D supplementation in patients with pulmonary TB receiving anti-TB therapy.The primary outcomes were time to sputum culture and smear conversion and proportion of participants with negative sputum culture.The secondary outcomes were clinical response to treatment and adverse events.A random-effects model was used to pool studies.Data were analyzed using RevMan 5.3 software.Results:Five studies with a total of 1126 participants were included in our meta-analysis.Vitamin D supplementation did not shorten the time to sputum culture and smear conversion (hazard ratio [HR] 1.04,95％ confidence interval [CI] 0.89-1.23,P =0.60;HR 1.15,95％ CI 0.93-1.41,P =0.20,respectively) and did not lead to an increase in the proportion of participants with negative sputum culture (relative risk [RR] 1.04,95％ CI 0.97-1.11,P =0.32).However,it reduced the time to sputum culture conversion in the sub-group of participants with TaqI tt genotype (HR 8.09,95 ％ CI 1.39-47.09,P =0.02) and improved the multidrug-resistant (MDR) TB sputum culture conversion rate (RR 2.40,95 ％ CI 1.11-5.18,P =0.03).There was no influence on secondary outcomes.Conclusions:Vitamin D supplementation had no beneficial effect on anti-TB treatment,but it reduced the time to sputum culture conversion in participants with tt genotype of the TaqI vitamin D receptor gene polymorphism and improved the MDR TB sputum culture conversion rate.

OBJECTIVETo provide a new material for producing the Rhodiolasachalinensis products, the effect of methyl jasmonate (MeJA) on callus biomass and effective compound accumulation of Rhodiolasachalinensis was studied.

METHODThe calluses-cultured in 3 L-air lift balloon type bioreactor were treated with MeJA after 20 d of bioreactor culture and the effect of MeJA concentration and treatment days on callus biomass, salidroside or polysaccharide accumulation and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) activities were investigated.

RESULTThe callus biomass was not significantly different after MeJA treatment (125) for 0-6 d but obviously decreased after 6 d treatment. The maximum salidroside or polysaccharide contents and SOD or POD activities were found after 4 d treatment of MeJA. MeJA concentration significantly affected callus biomass and effective compound accumulation, biomass decreased at MeJA concentrations higher than 125 μmol x L(-1). However, the effective compound contents were determined at higher MeJA concentration, and the highest salidroside and polysaccharide accumulation was found at 225 and 275 μmol x L(-1) MeJA, respectively and the maximum SOD and POD activities was found at 225 μmol x L(-1) MeJA. The effective compound contents in callus were compared with field-grown plants. Salidroside contents in calluses were 1.1-fold and 2. 4-fold more than in plant roots and stem or leave, respectively. Polysaccharide content in calluses were 3. 6-fold and 8.0-fold more than in plant roots and stem or leave, respectively.

CONCLUSIONSalidorside and polysaccharide in Rhodiolasachalinensiscalluses improved by MeJA treatment, 225 μmol x L(-1) MeJA and 4 d treatment were optimal. The effective compound contents in callus were obviously higher than in field-grown plants. Therefore, bioreactor culture is efficient for obtaining mass effective compounds of Rhodiolasachalinensis by culturing calluses. This method could provide an alternative material source for production of Rhodiolasachalinensis products.

Acetates ; pharmacology ; Biomass ; Bioreactors ; Cyclopentanes ; pharmacology ; Glucosides ; metabolism ; Oxylipins ; pharmacology ; Peroxidase ; metabolism ; Phenols ; metabolism ; Polysaccharides ; metabolism ; Rhodiola ; metabolism ; Superoxide Dismutase ; metabolism

OBJECTIVES: The 1990s has seen advances in the conceptualization of self-perceived health status which has important roles for individual health and the quality of life. Many types of standardized questionnaires have been developed with the current wide use of SF-36, NHP, andEuroQol. However, the outcomes of these tools may be different with regard to regional, cultural and emotional backgrounds. The purpose of this study was to trial the development of a Korean Health Profile (KHP 1.0) to measure the self-perceived health stati of Koreans. METHODS: The KHP 1.0 was designed on the basis of the Medical Outcome Study Form 36 (SF-36), the Nottingham Health Profile (NHP), and the EuroQOL. It was composed of 9 scales; physical functioning, role limitation-physical, pain, general health, energy, social isolation, sleep, role limitation-emotional, and emotional health. Self-reported chronic disease conditions, and the Zung's Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS), were also checked for the evaluation of clinical validity. This study was conducted, from December 2000 to January 2001, on 800 middle-aged parents, with four high school students, with 100 retest sets being conducted two weeks later. From the 800 subjects there were 588 complete responses (effective response 73.5%). The reliability of the test-retest results, and the factor analysis on the validity of the KHP 1.0 components, were evaluated using the SPSS (ver 10.0) software. RESULTS: The reliability of the KHP 1.0 was good with Cronbach's alpha (> 0.6), test-retest correlation coefficients (> 0.5), but with no significant differences from the paired t-test. From the psychometric validity tests, the 9 scales of the KHP 1.0 were divided into two components; physical and mental, and trimmed to the established model with 55% of the total variance, with the exception of role limitation-emotional. The clinical validity on the basis of the comparison for the four characteristic groups; healthy, physical conditions only, mental conditions only, and physical and mental conditions were also good. CONCLUSIONS: The KHP 1.0 appears to be a valid measurement tool of self-perceived health stati of Koreans, although there are limitations, i.e. sample size was too small, a limited number of middle-aged subjects, and it was based on unconfirmed diagnoses, etc. Therefore, further study is required to standardize the assessment.
Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Chronic Disease ; Depression ; Diagnosis ; Humans ; Outcome Assessment (Health Care) ; Parents ; Psychometrics ; Quality of Life ; Sample Size ; Social Isolation ; Weights and Measures

Valid evaluation of self-perceived health status is important for the promotion of individual health and quality of life. In advanced countries, many types of health profile have been developed, and currently, the SF-36, NHP, and EuroQol, etc, are widely used. However, the outcomes of these profiles may vary according to regional, cultural or emotional backgrounds. For these reasons a Korean Health Profile should be developed. In this study, we reviewed the concept of self-perceived health status, and its significance to public health, and reviewed some of the differences between the available profiles in 139 related publications. Based on this review, we are trying to develop a Korean Health Profile in order to measure the self-perceived health stati of Koreans.
Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Humans ; Public Health ; Quality of Life

Hirudin (HV) is known as the most potent and specific inhibitor of thrombin. Although hirudin has many advantages , it has the bleeding side effect and this is the great shortage of hiudin for clinical application. In order to alleviate bleeding side effect of hirudin, fusion protein, named as FHV (fusion hirudin linked with FXa recognition peptide) was designed. The fusion protein gene ( fhv) was cloned into plasmid pPIC9K. FHV engineered Pichia pastoris containing high copies was chosen for fermentation and purification at 30 L fermentor scale, finally, FHV with purity of above 97% was obtained. To investigate the function of FHV in vivo, mouse tail thrombosis model was used. In the mice thrombus tail model induced by carrageenan, FHV decreased the length of tail thrombus significantly, similar to that of HV control, and had no obvious effects on the TT, PT and APTT. In conclusion, FHV is constructed and expressed in yeast. FHV fusion proteins is obtained by fermentation and purification. FHV has antithrombotic effects not influencing IT, PT and APTT after administration immediately in animal models. Therefore, FHV is a promising anticoagulant and antithrombotic drug.

There have been limited reports about the prevalence and its characteristics of glaucoma in Korea. To clarify further, we retrospectively analyzed the data of 1482 patients with glaucoma from January 1993 to December 1994. The prevalence of glaucoma was 0.58%. The type of glaucoma consisted of secondary glaucoma 33.9%, primary open angle glaucoma(POAG) in 33.2%, angle closure glaucoma(ACG) 28.0%, normal tension glaucoma 4.0% and congenital glaucoma 0.9%. The mean age of the patients with POAG was 55.2+/-16.5 and that of ACG was 64.7+/-9.2. In POAG, the age group over 40 years old occupied 79.7% while 99.3% was the age group over 40 years in ACG. The incidence rate of men was higher than women in POAG but in women it was 3.6 times higher than men in ACG. Secondary glaucomas due to diseases of uveal tract, neovascular glaucoma, steroid induced glaucoma, and aphakic (or pseudophakic) glaucoma were 37.0%, 18.9%, 16.5%, and 15.7% respectively.
Adult ; Female ; Glaucoma* ; Glaucoma, Angle-Closure ; Glaucoma, Neovascular ; Humans ; Incidence ; Korea ; Low Tension Glaucoma ; Male ; Prevalence ; Retrospective Studies

Objective To investigate the effects of elasticity resistance (Ers) in respiratory system on oxygenation in patients with acute lung injury (ALI) after recruitment maneuvers (RM). Method Meta-analysis of data about the effects of recruitment maneuvers on oxygenation in ALI patients with different elasticity resistances in respiratory system carried out with pooling of study-oriented data stored in Pubmed, Embase, Web of Science databases from January 1999 to June 2010. Results A total of 281 articles were taken, and 20 of them included a sample size of 395 ALI patients. In patients treated with RM in different degrees of respiratory system elasticity resistance ( ≥33.3 cmH2O/L and ＜33.3 cmH2O/L), the effect of RM was better in patients with the high respiratory system elasticity resistance than that with the low one [(51.97 + 8.89) mmHg vs. (35.13 ± 10.33 ) mmHg], P ＜ 0. 01 ), but the high respiratory system elasticity resistance was potentially to lower blood pressure [(4. 33 ± 1.32 ) mmHg vs. (0.22 ± 1.03 ) mmHg],P ＜ 0.01 ). Conclusions This study suggests RM could improve oxygenation of ALI patients with high respiratory system elasticity resistance, and caution must be made to avoid hypotension during RM.