The DNA fragment was cloned from the cDNA that was synthesized using the RNA from Chinese white poplar and verified by sequencing This cDNA clone ,designated PtoCesA1, was 3215 bp long with an opening reading frame of 2934bp extending from nucleotides 52~2985.Comprision of the nucleotide sequence of PtoCesA1 with PtrCesA1 showed 97% identity.For construction of the PtoCesA1 binary expression vector, the BamHI site was made by synonymy mutation, the full length PtoCesA1 cDNA was subcloned into pBI121 between the BamHI site and XbaI site. The PtoCesA1 binary vector,containing PtoCesA1,was verified by digestion and PCR.

Objective To study the structure of class 1 integrons in 90 strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated during two periods of 1992-1996 and 2003-2005,and to get information about the structure changing of class 1 integrons by comparing their structures in two different periods.Methods Routine PCR and long PCR were performed to amplify the class 1 integrons and the gene cassettes they carried, followed with sequencing and blast via GenBank.Results Thirteen out of 41 strians ioslated during the period of 1992-1996 were positive on class 1 intergrons.Long PCR showed that the class 1 integron was 1868 bp in length and contained 2 resistance genes averagely.Six types of resistance genes of qacEA1 (n=6), sull (n=14),aadA1 (n=2),aadB (n=1),PSE-1 (n=2) and tetA (n=1) were found in these integrons, which consisted of 5 patterns of resistance cassette arrangements.Nineteen strains were proved to carry class 1 integrons in 49 isolates from 2003-2005.The mean DNA sequence length of them was 3383 bp with 3.6 resistant genes in averagely,10 types of resistance genes,qacEA1 (n=18),sull (n=25),aadA1 (n=6), aadB (n=7),aacA4 (n=2),PSE-1 (n=3),VEB-1 (n=4),OXA10 (n=1),cm1 A (n=1) and tetA (n =2),were identified in these integrons,which were composed of 9 patterns of resistance cassette arrangements.Conclusion In terms of produce length and resistance cassettes carried in the integrons, greater complexity is found in the structure of class 1 integrons in strains isolated during 2003-2005 than those during 1992-1996.

OBJECTIVETo study pharmacokinetic effect of Aikeqing Granule (AG) by different medication ways on zidovudine (AZT) in highly active antiretroviral therapy ( HAART) of rats.

METHODSTotally 36 rats were administered with corresponding medications by gastrogavage, group I [HAART: AZT 31.5 mg/kg +3TC 31.5 mg/kg + Efavirenz (EFV) 63.0 mg/kg], group II (HAART+AG525 mg/kg), group III (HAART and AG 525 mg/kg after a 2-h interval). Drug concentrations of AZT were determined by high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectroscopy (HPLC-MS) before HAART, and at 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 h after HAART, respectively. Pharmacokinetic parameters [such as t1/2, Tmax, Cmax, AUCo-t, plasma clearance rate (CL)] were calculated by DAS2.0 Software.

RESULTSThe-equation of linear regression of AZT was good, with the precision, coefficient of recovery, and stability definitely confirmed. AUC in group II and III was larger than that of group I. There was no statistical difference in t1/2, Tmax, Cmax, AUC0-12 h, or AUC0-∞ among groups (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONAG combined HAART could enhance the Cmax of AZT.

Animals ; Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active ; Benzoxazines ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacokinetics ; pharmacology ; Mass Spectrometry ; Rats ; Zidovudine ; pharmacokinetics ; pharmacology

Objective To evaluate the risk of plague occurrence via surveying and analyzing indoor rat density and flea index in natural villages having previous plague experience. Methods During August to September 2007, 30 natural villages experiencing previous plague were selected based on the surveillance data, and then all households were coded with numbers and 20 households in each village were randomly selected via computer. Cages and sticky papers were set in 600 selected households to capture rats and fleas. Rat density, flea prevalence, flea index and median were estimated. Results One hundred thirty-three Rattus flavipectus and 33 Suncus murinus were caught and averaged rat density was 2.8 rats per one hundred cage. nights (166/6000), the median was 5 rats each village. One hundred and one mice infected fleas, flea prevalence on rats was 60.8% (101/166), 296 Xenopsylla cheopis and 48 Leptopsylla segnis were collected. Rat flea index was 2.1 fleas per rat (344/166). A total of 315 dissociated flea was caught, average dissociated flea index was 0.026 fleas per sticky paper (315/11888). The median was 5.5 dissociated fleas per village. Of dissociated fleas, Ctenocephalides felis felis (205) and Xenopsylla cheopis (103) accounted for 97.8% (308/315). The proportion for species of the rat flea and the dissociated flea was different(Fisher test: P < 0.01). The rat flea was significantly associated with the rat density(r = 0.68, P < 0.01), but the dissociated flea was significantly associated with neither the rat density(r = -yield than fried wheat batter(χ2 = 5.59, P < 0.05). Conclusions In these villages having previous plague experience of Lianghe County, Rattusflavipectus was dominant species of indoor rats, Xenopsylla cheopis and Ctenocephalides felis felis were dominant species of rat flea and dissociated flea, respectively. Mengsong, Bangdu, and Tangjiatun village had potential risk of plague emergence.

Objective To express the plasminogen activator(Pla) of Yersinia pestis and one of its gene fragments,and to detect their immunological reactivity.Methods The pla gene and its specific gene fragment pla-c were amplified by PCR using the EV76 strain as a template.PCR products were then ligated with the plasmid pET32a (+).The recombinant plasmids pET32a (+)-pla and pET32a (+)-pla-c were subsequently trausformed into E.coli BL21 (DE3).The expressed products were purified by HIS affinity chromatography,and their immunological reactivity was detected by Western blotting.Results The recombinant Pla(52.8 × 103) was expressed as inclusion bodies,and the recombinant Pla-c protein (24.0 × 103) was expressed in the soluble form.These two recombinant proteins reacted with anti-Yersinia pestis EV76 rabbit sera.Conclusions The recombinant Pla and its specific fragments have displayed immunological reactivity,and can be served as an alternative diagnosis method for Yersinia pestis.

Objective To observe the response of left ventricular (LV)function and structure to chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH)early stage in New Zealand white rabbits by echocardiography.Methods The New Zealand white rabbits were placed in the CIH chamber and exposed to hypoxia for 8 weeks (6 hours/day,6 days/week).The flow of nitrogen and oxygen were regulated into the customized chambers by the gas control delivery system.The fraction of inspired oxygen was changed from 21 % to 8% for 25 s of every 1 70 s.LV structure and function was assessed by echocardiography at CIH 0,1 ,2,4,6,8 weeks and histopathology was done by HE staining simultaneously.Results ①LV structural variables:compared with 0 week,LV posterior wall and interventricular septum thickness thickened at 6 week.LV end diastolic increased at 8 week (P < 0.05 ).② LV systolic function variables:compared with 0 week,LV ejection fraction increased at 2 week and 4 week,decreased at 6 week and 8 week,but it was higher than 0 week (P < 0.05).Isovolumic contraction time (IVCT)decreased at 1 week,2 week,4 week (P <0.05 ).③LV diastolic function variables:compared with 0 week,Peak velocity of early diastolic period increased at 2 week and 4 week,decreased at 6 week and 8 week with E/A>1 .Isovolumic relaxation time (IVRT)decreased at 1 week and 2 week,but increased at 8 week (P < 0.05 ).④ The myocardial pathology showed that myocardial fibers disordered slightly,cardiomyocytes swelled,nuclei increased and intracellular edema when exposed to CIH for 2 week and 4 week.Vacuolar degeneration,edema and congestion were found in intercellular substance at 6 week and 8 week.Conclusions ① LV systolic and diastolic function compensation started at CIH early stage then LV structure abnormality advent later.②IVCT and IVRT are sensitive indicators of LV systolic and diastolic function compensation.

Objective To investigate the methods and clinical significance of breast cancer treated with photodynamic.Methods From June to December in 2005,photodynamic therapy was used in 12 cases confirmed intramammary lymph node metastasis before operation and 15 cases confirmed chest wall recur- rences by means of lymph node imaging.Results The intramammary lymph node metastasis whose diameter between 0.5～1.0cm measured by lymph node imaging preoperatively completely disappeared when rechecked 3 months postoperatively.Chest wall recurrence regions of breast cancer whose diameter less than 1.0 cm completely remitted.Conclusion Photodynamic therapy is helpful to eliminate the intramammary lymph node metastasis and to cure the postoperative chest wall recurrence of breast cancer.

Objective To understand the carrying condition of the mutation gene of neonatal deafness in Huzhou City and explore the significance of the combination screening of hearing and deafness genes. Methods 2258 newborns who were born in Huzhou maternal and child health care hospital were screened for hearing and deafness and were followed up to the age of 3. Two kinds of complementarity and relativity of screening were analyzed. Early hearing screening was used by transient evoked otoacoustic emission (TEOAE) screening, hearing rescreening was used by TEOAE and autoauditory brainstem response (AABR) . Collected the neonatal umbilical cord blood and detected GJB2, SLC26A4, GJB3, mitochondrial 12SrRNA 4 genes 20 deafness mutations. Results Early hearing screening failed in 550 cases, with a failure rate of 24.36％. Detected in 118 cases of deafness gene carriers, total carrying rate was 5.23％. GJB2, SLC26A4, GJB3 and mitochondrial 12SrRNA gene mutation rate were 3.10％, 1.46％, 0.58％ and 0.09％ respectively. Initial failure rate of mother and child hearing screening was 16.30 ％ (300/1840) . The rate of gene transfer for deafness mutation was 5.65 ％ (104/1840) . Initial failure rate of NICU hearing screening was 59.81 ％ (250/418) . The rate of gene transfer for deafness mutation was 3.35％ (14/418) . The failure rate of initial hearing screening of NICU newborns was higher than that of mother and child (P<0.01) . There was no statistically significant difference in carrying rate between the two groups (P>0.05) . There was no statistical correlation between initial hearing screening andwhether or not to carry deaf mutation gene (P>0.05) . 52 infants were missed in this study. 12 patients were diagnosed with hearing impairment, and the hearing impairment rate was 0.54％. Among them, 9 cases were normal and 3 cases were abnormal. Conclusion Newborns hearing screening by whether or not had nothing to do with deafness gene.Hearing screening with deafness gene screening at the same time can reduce the delay in diagnosis of deafness and drug deafness can also be prevented early.

OBJECTIVETo observe the clinical effect of Qingzhen Decoction (QZD) on measles.

METHODSAdopting the randomizing digital table, 62 patients with measles were assigned to two groups, 32 in the treated group and 30 in the control group. All patients were treated with routine therapy, but QZD was given to the treated group additionally for 5 days. Changes of clinical symptoms, blood routine and liver function before and after treatment were observed, and the medical cost was calculated.

RESULTSAfter the 5-day treatment, the normalization rate of irritative cough in the treated and the control group was 88.9% (24/27) and 56.0% (14/25) respectively, that of conjunctival congestion was 90.0% (27/30) and 65.5% (19/29) respectively, showing significant differences between groups (P<0.05). The liver function normalization rate in the two groups was 28.6% (2/7) and 25.0% (2/8), and the average medical cost yen 740.7 and yen 749.3, respectively. The total effective rate in the two groups was 96.9% and 93.3% respectively, showing insignificant difference between groups (P>0.05).

CONCLUSIONQZD could actively improve the respiratory symptoms like irritative cough and the inflammatory symptoms of eye like conjunctival congestion in patients with measles.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Antiviral Agents ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Child ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Length of Stay ; Liver Function Tests ; Male ; Measles ; drug therapy ; physiopathology ; Middle Aged ; Treatment Outcome

AIM AND METHODSTo investigate the role of modulation by angiotensin AT1 receptor in sodium and water excretion induced by cholinergic agonist carbachol. Tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactivity (TH-IR) in hypothalamus were also observed.

RESULTSThe natriuretic and diuretic effect induced by carbachol (CBC) were partially inhibited by pretreatment of losartan, a specific blocker of angiotensin AT1 receptor (P < 0.05). Immunohistochemistry showed that both TH-IR density and number of TH-IR positive neurons were markedly increased in PaPo, Arc, Pe and AHP of hypothalamus at 40 min after carbachol administration, as compared with NS group (P < 0.05). However, in losartan pretreated group, the number and the density of TH-IR were significantly decreased in such nuclei mentioned above except PaPo.

CONCLUSIONThe results above suggest that brain AT1 receptor appears to be involved in mediating natriuresis induced by cholinergic stimulus. The blockade of AT1 receptor may down regulate the excitability of adrenergic neurons in Arc, Pe and AHP induced by CBC. We postulate that brain adrenergic and angiotensinergic pathway get involved in natriuresis induced by brain cholinergic stimulus together. Moreover, angiotensinergic neurons may influence the activity of adrenergic neurons in hypothalamus.

Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors ; pharmacology ; Animals ; Brain ; metabolism ; Carbachol ; pharmacology ; Losartan ; pharmacology ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1 ; metabolism ; Receptors, Cholinergic ; metabolism ; Sodium ; metabolism ; Water ; metabolism